Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 22-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with complaints of fever, loss of appetite, coughing, sputum production, and right-sided chest pain. The chest X-ray film and computed tomogram showed infiltrates in both lower lung fields. Meningococcal pneumonia was diagnosed when a sputum culture was found to be positive for Neisseria meningitidis. Infection with this organism is uncommon in Japan. The patient had never gone abroad, and the route of infection was unknown. N. meningitidis is a rare cause of respiratory infections. When this organism does cause respiratory disease, it is usually acute bronchitis rather than meningococcal pneumonia. The patient in this case was not immunodeficient. She was also not deficient in a terminal lytic component sequence (deficiency in that sequence promotes meningococcal infection). The patient was emaciated and malnourished, which was thought to have made her more susceptible to infection. Orally administered DU-6859a, one of a new generation of quinolones, was very effective and had no side effects.
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PMID:[Bilateral meningococcal pneumonia in a young Japanese woman]. 895 7

Different vehicles of transmission of the same pathogen may induce different clinical manifestations of the disease. The hypothesis was tested that the clinical manifestation of food-borne streptococcal pharyngitis is different from air-borne streptococcal pharyngitis. The symptoms and signs of 77 patients with endemic air-borne streptococcal pharyngitis compared to 103 patients with epidemic food-borne streptococcal pharyngitis (T type 8/25/imp19, M protein negative) and 11 patients with secondary air-borne epidemic streptococcal pharyngitis (T type 8/25/imp19, M protein negative) were prospectively evaluated. The patients with food-borne streptococcal pharyngitis had a significantly higher frequency of sore throat, fever, pharyngeal erythema, tonsillar enlargement and submandibular lymphadenopathy and a lower frequency of coryza and cough compared to the patients with endemic air-borne streptococcal pharyngitis. Although both food-borne and air-borne streptococcal infection caused upper respiratory tract infection, the clinical manifestation of food-borne streptococcal pharyngitis was more severe and more confined to the pharynx compared to the endemic air-borne disease. Involvement of the nasal mucosa and bronchial tree was more common in air-borne streptococcal pharyngitis than in the food-borne disease.
Infection
PMID:Food-borne and air-borne streptococcal pharyngitis--a clinical comparison. 903 31

A set of five missense mutations previously identified by nucleotide sequence analysis of subgroup A cold-passaged (cp) respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been introduced into a recombinant wild-type strain of RSV. This recombinant virus, designated rA2cp, appears to replicate less efficiently in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of seronegative chimpanzees than either biologically derived or recombinant wild-type RSV. Infection with rA2cp also resulted in significantly less rhinorrhea and cough than infection with wild-type RSV. These findings confirm the role of the cp mutations in attenuation of RSV and identify their usefulness for inclusion in future live attenuated recombinant RSV vaccine candidates.
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PMID:Recombinant respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bearing a set of mutations from cold-passaged RSV is attenuated in chimpanzees. 955 43

A rapid assessment of drug abuse in Nepal was conducted at different sites, including eight municipalities in the five development regions of the country. To interview various groups of key informants, such methods as semi-structured interviews, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions were used. A snowball sampling strategy for respondents who were drug abusers and a judgemental sampling strategy for the non-drug-using key informants were applied. About one fifth of the sample was recruited from the treatment centres and the rest from the community. Drug abusers in prison were interviewed, and secondary data from treatment centres and prisons analysed. The study revealed that the sample of drug abusers had a mean age of 23.8 years and was overwhelmingly male. Most respondents lived with their families and were either unemployed or students. About 30 per cent of the sample was married. A large majority of the sample had a family member or a close relative outside the immediate family who smoked or drank alcohol and a friend who smoked, drank or used illicit drugs. Apart from tobacco and alcohol, the major drugs of abuse were cannabis, codeine-containing cough syrup, nitrazepam tablets, buprenor-phine injections and heroin (usually smoked, rarely injected). The commonest sources of drugs were other drug-using friends, cross-border supplies from India or medicine shops. The commonest source of drug money was the family. There has been a clear trend towards the injection of buprenorphine by abusers who smoke heroin or drink codeine cough syrup. The reasons cited for switching to injections were the unavailability and rising cost of non-injectable drugs and the easy availability and relative cheapness of injectables. About a half of the injecting drug users (IDUs) commonly reported sharing injecting equipment inadequately cleaned with water. Over a half of IDUs reported visiting needle-exchange programmes at two of the study sites where such programmes were available. Infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) appears to be low among IDUs, although systematic surveillance is absent. Two thirds of the sample had experienced sexual intercourse. The last sex partners reported by respondents were commercial sex workers, wives or girl friends. Condom use was low with primary partners and relatively high with sex workers. Treatment facilities, mostly located in the central urban areas of the country, are meagre. An overwhelming majority of drug abusers felt the need to stop abusing drugs. Cost-effective drug treatment and HIV prevention programmes for IDUs are urgently needed in all areas of the country.
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PMID:Drug abuse in Nepal: a rapid assessment study. 983 33

A 35 year old HIV positive patient from Hong Kong presented with a fever, cough and a skin rash in association with a lung mass, all of which were due to disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection. He made a good response to antifungal therapy. The lung mass is a previously undescribed pulmonary manifestation of disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection. Infections with this fungus should be suspected in any patient with HIV and respiratory symptoms who has visited southeast Asia.
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PMID:Disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection presenting as a right upper lobe mass in an HIV positive patient. 1019 82

Bronchoscopy can occasionally transmit disease. Infection control in the bronchoscopy suite is especially important because of the risk of transmitting HIV or tuberculosis. Many case reports, patient series, and small studies have been published, but little comprehensive guidance is available for clinicians who wish to learn more about the problem and prevent it. We review the literature and describe three ways in which bronchoscopy can cause disease: by transmitting infections between patients, by transferring microorganisms within a patient, and by triggering coughing that can cause airborne infection of patients or health-care workers. Recommendations for infection control are listed; they include installing powerful air filters, using disposable bronchoscope suction valves, manually cleaning all equipment before disinfection, controlling patient coughing, and in some cases, giving patients prophylactic antibiotics.
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PMID:Infection control in the bronchoscopy suite. A review. 1020 14

This case report deals with a rare association: tuberculosis and cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis. The patient was a 36-year-old man with no significant past medical problems. He presented with a palpable purpura on both legs, low-grade fever, cough and expectoration, progressive dyspnea due to a massive left pleural effusion and a symmetric swelling on his ankles and wrists. Skin biopsy yielded a histological diagnosis of leukocytoclastic vasculitis and the primary diagnosis was only achieved after performing a pleural biopsy, which unequivocally showed the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This case shares many features with the few cases already reported in the medical literature. Possible pathogenic mechanisms are reviewed and discussed in detail.
Infection
PMID:Pulmonary tuberculosis presenting with cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis. 1069 96

We interviewed 113 private medical practitioners (PMPs) of all system of medicine in Ambedkar Nagar area of South Delhi to determine as to how they recognise and treat Acute Respiratory tract Infections (ARI) in children, in particular, pneumonia. Allopathic PMPs reported viruses and bacteria as causes of ARI as compared to PMPs of other system of medicine who often reported exposure to cold, change in weather and dietary habits as a cause of ARI. Sixty-eight PMPs out of 113 did not count the respiratory rate (RR) in children with ARI and among those who counted, only 19.5% PMPs could correctly tell the normal RR in children aged less than two months. In children aged 2-12 months, the percentage of PMPs responding correctly was 15.0%. Relatively greater proportion of PMPs (31.8%) could correctly tell the normal respiratory rate in children aged 1-5 years. X-ray to diagnose pneumonia was suggested by 102 (90.3%) PMPs. Majority of PMPs prescribed some form of medication including antibiotics for the treatment of cough and cold. Eighty-seven (77%) PMPs prescribed antibiotics, 53 (46.9%) antihistaminics and 49 (43.4%) prescribed allopathic cough syrups to treat cough and cold. For pneumonia, 108 (96.4%) PMPs prescribed antibiotics and 31 (27.7%) PMPs prescribed steroids among other things.
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PMID:Recognition and management of ARI--a KAP study on private medical practitioners. 1077 43

We prospectively followed 725 children under 2 years of age with laboratory-diagnosed Bordetella pertussis infection to investigate the hospitalization rate and complications. Diagnosis was made by culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from nasopharyngeal swabs in 11,016 children who presented with > or = 7 days of cough at 63 pediatric practices in Germany. Of these children, 33 (4.5%) were hospitalized at a mean age of 4.8 months (range, 17 days to 19.5 months). Complications occurred in 16 (48%) of the 33 patients. Pneumonia developed in two (6%) children and a convulsion was observed in one (3%). Intensive care monitoring was required for 23 (70%) children. Further complications were bradycardia (21%), apnea (12%), conjunctivitis (12%), loss of weight (12%), otitis media (6%), atelectasis (3%) and dehydration (3%). Children aged 6-24 months who had not received any dose of pertussis vaccine had a ten-fold increased risk of hospitalization compared to those who had been partially or fully immunized (p < 0.05). Pertussis immunization should be given at an early point in time and completely in order to prevent severe courses of pertussis and hospitalization in young children.
Infection
PMID:Hospitalization and complications in children under 2 years of age with Bordetella pertussis infection. 1078 97

We report a case of scrub typhus pneumonitis in a laboratory worker who apparently acquired it through the respiratory tract. The patient was suffering from fever, cough and dyspnea. He had both cervical and axillary lymphadenopathy, and hepatomegaly. A chest X-ray showed interstitial infiltrates. A diagnosis of scrub typhus was established upon isolation of Orientia tsutsugamushi. 12 days before the patient showed symptoms, he had purified O. tsutsugamushi proteins from infected cells using an ultrasonication method which could generate aerosols containing O. tsutsugamushi.
Infection
PMID:Scrub typhus pneumonitis acquired through the respiratory tract in a laboratory worker. 1126 62


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