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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors induced experimental hydrothorax in cats by injecting dextran into the pleural cavity under brief N2O anaesthesia. They examined the parameters of cough -- elicited by mechanical stimulation of the airway mucosa -- and blood gas and pH values under normal conditions and after the injection of 50, 100, 200 and 250 ml dextran. The tests were always performed 30 min after terminating anaesthesia, i.e. in conscious animals. The free fluid in the thorax was found, in conscious cats, to reduce the inspiratory values of cough, but to have no effect on cough expiration. This is in agreement with previous findings showing that the intensity of a cough expiration does not always depend on the intensity of the preceding cough inspiration. According to this finding, the decrease in the expiratory values of cough observed during experimental pleurisy cannot be due to the actual exudate. In cats, experimental hydrothorax in doses of 200 and 250 ml leads to respiratory insufficiency. The authors further found that, for the study of interoception in the airways of conscious cats, which requires experimental induction of pathological conditions under brief anaesthesia, nitrous oxide is a convenient anesthetic.
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PMID:Effect of experimental hydrothorax on the cough reflex in conscious cats. 4 93

On clinical examination, a six-year-old Hassian gray gelding with a history of impaired performance, slight cough, colic, and edema of the ventral abdomen, prepuce and the legs had reduced skin turgor, pale mucous membranes, forced costoabdominal breathing, reduced venous return, enlarged lymph nodes, and splenomegaly. Hematologic findings revealed anemia, leukocytosis and a high percentage of monocytoid leukemic cells. Generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, ascites, hydrothorax, and a diffusely thickened gut wall were found at necropsy. Massive infiltration with monocytoid leukemic cells was detected in lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, liver, gut wall, kidneys, and choroid plexus. Incubation of living cells obtained from a leukocyte concentrate with latex particles revealed phagocytosis in the leukemic cells on light and electron microscopy. The leukemic cells also had a marked alpha-naphthyl-acetate and naphthol-AS-acetate esterase activity, but were only weakly positive to naphthol-AS-D-chloroacetate esterase. A very weak alkaline phosphatase activity only was demonstrated in a few leukemic cells. On scanning electron microscopy, the leukemic cells had prominent ruffles and ridge-like profiles. These features of the leukemic cells excluded lymphocytic and granulocytic leukemia, and monocytic leukemia was diagnosed.
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PMID:Monocytic leukemia in a horse. 658 70

Meigs' syndrome is a rare entity in women under age 30 years. It is characterized by a benign fibrous ovarian tumor, ascites, and hydrothorax. Complete resolution of symptoms occurs with removal of the tumor. The case of a 20-year-old woman with a fibroma and dermoid cyst is presented and the literature reviewed. The etiology of the fluid accumulations remains unclear, although it appears to be related to lymphatic obstruction. Presenting symptoms may include abdominal distension and pain, menstrual irregularities, cough, pleuritic chest pain, and weight gain. Meigs' syndrome and pseudo-Meigs' syndrome should be included in the different diagnosis in young women presenting with a pleural effusion. Resolution of the fluid accumulation usually occurs within 2 weeks of tumor removal.
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PMID:Meigs' syndrome in a young woman. 733 35

The patient had been employed in an asbestos factory for four years from the age of 16. Five years ago, she complained of sputum and cough, and she was treated for chronic bronchitis. From March, 1977, when she was 53 years old, hydrothorax and ascites increased, her weight decreased and she was hospitalized for cachexia. The clinical diagnosis of malignant diffuse mesothelioma was made on the presence of atypical cells in the effusions. Atypical cells showed a positive colloidal iron staining test and positive hyaluronidase digestion test. Asbestos bodies were found in the sputum. The patient died on February 1978. Postmortem confirmed asbestosia and mesothelioma which was scattered over the pleura, pericardial sac, diaphragma, peritoneum and pancreas. In addition, bronchiolo-alveolar cell type lung cancer was found localized in the lower lobe of the left lung. The electron beam diffraction disclosed the asbestos as amosite (brown asbestos).
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PMID:Mesothelioma with lung cancer complicating asbestosis. 741 39

Histologic examination of lung tissue has been the only definitive diagnostic procedure used to confirm pulmonary involvement with lymphosarcoma (LSA) in dogs. Lung involvement with LSA was diagnosed by cytologic examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in 2 dogs with multicentric LSA. Both dogs had cough or dyspnea, in addition to peripheral lymphadenopathy or visceral organomegaly. Both dogs had nonspecific, abnormal thoracic radiographic findings, including diffuse pulmonary interstitial pattern, hydrothorax, and mediastinal and retrosternal lymphadenopathy. In these 2 dogs, postmortem lung histologic examination, performed immediately after bronchoalveolar lavage, confirmed the cytologic diagnosis of pulmonary infiltration with LSA.
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PMID:Confirmation of a pulmonary component of multicentric lymphosarcoma with bronchoalveolar lavage in two dogs. 812 29

New epidemics of respiratory disease have caused 29.6 morbidity and 6.4% mortality in camels in the Somalia region of Ethiopia. The major clinical signs observed were fever of 40-41.5 degrees C, depression, cough, loss of appetite and a watery nasal discharge that became mucopurulent at a later stage. Finally, the camel became recumbent and extended its neck straight along the ground. Some of the animals died within 8-9 days. The major post-mortem lesions were hydrothorax, adhesion of the lung to the thorax, red and grey hepatization, emphysema, hydropericardium and fibrinous pericarditis. A treatment trial indicated that oxytetracycline was more effective than a combination of penicillin and streptomycin, the results showing a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the treated and control groups. The bacteria isolated from lung, thoracic fluid and whole blood were Pasteurella haemolytica. Further studies on the epidemiology of this disease, the identification of the serotypes involved, and the demonstration of any primary viral initiating agent are recommended to allow the development of preventive methods.
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PMID:Studies on the respiratory disease 'sonbobe' in camels in the eastern lowlands of Ethiopia. 1059 29

Patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension often have abnormal extracellular fluid volume regulation, resulting in accumulation of fluid as ascites, oedema or pleural effusion. These complications carry a poor prognosis with nearly half of the patients with ascites dying in the ensuing 2-3 years. In contrast to what happens in the abdominal cavity where large amounts of fluid (5-8 L) accumulate with the patient only experiencing only mild symptoms, in the thoracic cavity smaller amounts of fluid (1-2 L) cause severe symptoms such as shortness of breath, cough and hypoxaemia. Hepatic hydrothorax is defined as a pleural effusion, usually >500 mL, in patients with cirrhosis without cardiopulmonary disease. The pathophysiology involves the direct movement of ascitic fluid from the peritoneal cavity into the pleural space through diaphragmatic defects. The estimated prevalence among cirrhotic patients is 5-10%. The effusion, which is a transudate, most commonly occurs in the right hemithorax. The mainstay of therapy is similar to that of portal hypertensive ascites and includes sodium restriction and administration of diuretics. Refractory hydrothorax can be managed with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in selected cases. Pleurodesis is not routinely recommended. Suitable patients with hepatic hydrothorax should be considered candidates for liver transplantation.
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PMID:Review article: hepatic hydrothorax. 1527 63

We describe here hydrothorax that occurred in a patient on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and highlight the problems of diagnosis and management. A 48 years-old man with history of obstructive uropathy secondary to urolithiasis was stared on CAPD when he reached end-stage renal failure. Two months later, he was admitted with two days history of shortness of breath on exertion and dry cough increasing in supine position. Chest examination was suggestive of right sided pleural effusion confusion confirmed by chest X-ray. Radioisotope Technetium 99m labeled albumin instilled through the peritoneal catheter was detected in the right pleural fluid confirming the peritoneo-pleural leak. The peritoneal dialysis (PD) was discontinued and the patient was switched to hemodialysis. The pleural effusion subsided and has not recurred for the following three years.
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PMID:Acute Hydrothorax Complicating continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis: A Case Report and Review of Literature. 1821 27

63-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with fever and cough for about 2 months. Laboratory data showed marked inflammatory changes, and chest computed tomography (CT) scans revealed right-sided hydrothorax, atelectasis of the right middle lobe, and a cystic mass in the right middle lobe. We diagnosed the patients as having lung abscess and empyema. Following the intravenous antibiotic chemotherapy, symptoms and laboratory data showed the improvement, however, on the 11th hospital day, he developed high fever again. A chest CT showed pneumopyothorax suggesting the rupture of lung abscess. Since the chest tube drainage was ineffective, open chest surgery was performed. Curettage of both thoracic and abscess cavity with closure of air leakage successfully cured the pyothorax.
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PMID:[Lung abscess which ruptured during the medical treatment of lung abscess; report of a case]. 1832 96

A 34-year-old female presented with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) treated by peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) complained of a dry cough. Chest X-ray and chest computed tomography (CT) scan revealed massive right hydrothorax. Because the glucose concentration of pleural fluid was markedly high compared with that of serum, we performed isotope and contrast peritoneography. We used CT for localizing it. MRI was also trying to show transdiaphragmatic leakage in peritoneoflural fistula. Temporary discontinuation of CAPD, tetracycline instillation into the pleural space and surgical patch grafting of the diaphragmatic leak have all been described. A novel method may be video-assisted talc pleurodesis.
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PMID:Pleural effusion in a peritoneal dialysis patient. 2211 Oct 56


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