Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The lack of specific symptoms and signs in patients with tuberculous meningitis makes early diagnosis difficult. To our knowledge, there has been no report in the literature focusing on tuberculous meningitis patients younger than 1 year of age. In this report, we reviewed the clinical features and laboratory findings of seven infants with tuberculous meningitis encountered during a 15-year period. All patients had fever, cough, and alternation of consciousness at presentation. Five patients had bulging anterior fontanel, and five had generalized tonic-clonic seizures. The purified protein derivative skin test was positive in six patients. Six patients had hyponatremia. All seven patients had abnormal cerebrospinal fluid findings, and six of them demonstrated cell counts less than 500 cells/mm(3) with lymphocytic predominance. Brain sonography examination revealed hydrocephalus in all seven patients. Therefore we conclude that antituberculosis therapy should be promptly initiated in any young infant with a clinical impression of meningitis in the context of cerebrospinal fluid white cell count of less than 500 cells/mm(3) and lymphocytic predominance, hyponatremia, and hydrocephalus.
 ...
PMID:Tuberculous meningitis in infancy. 1243 63

We report the 1st confirmed case of an extradural hematoma diagnosed in utero by ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging at 31 weeks' gestation. No signs of intracranial hemorrhage were found. During pregnancy, the expecting mother suffered from sustained cough, and a blood sample test revealed acute pertussis. The presence of fetal hydrocephaly, brain parenchymal deviation, and other abnormalities suggested a poor outcome, and based on these findings pregnancy termination was recommended and carried out. Postmortem examination confirmed the diagnosis of an extradural hematoma in the posterior fossa.
 ...
PMID:Fetal extradural hematoma: prenatal diagnosis and postmortem examination. 1598 Jun 37

This article briefly reviews the spectrum of headaches associated with Chiari type I malformation and specifically analyzes current data on the possibility of this malformation as an etiology for some cases of chronic daily headache (CDH). Chiari type I malformation is definitely associated with cough headache and not with primary episodic headaches, with the rare exception of basilar migraine-like cases. With regard to CDH, there is no clear evidence supporting an association with this malformation. An MRI study would be justified only in patients showing either a Valsalva-aggravating component or cervicogenic features. Hydrocephalus and low intracranial pressure syndrome should be ruled out in patients showing tonsillar herniation in an MRI study and consulting due to daily headache.
 ...
PMID:Is Chiari type I malformation a reason for chronic daily headache. 1721 22

To the best of the authors' knowledge, this report represents the first description of a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt that migrated into the chest cavity where it caused recurrent pneumonias. This 15-year-old boy with a history of hydrocephalus treated with VP shunt therapy as an infant presented with a 2-year history of chronic coughing and recurrent pneumonia. A high-resolution chest computed tomography scan revealed a right lower lobe infiltration and evidence of migration of the peritoneal shunt tubing through the diaphragm into the lung parenchyma. The catheter was pulled back into the peritoneal cavity via a simple abdominal incision. The patient's long-term outcome was excellent, and there was complete cessation of the pneumonia.
 ...
PMID:Recurrent pneumonia caused by transdiaphragmatic erosion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt into the lung. Case report. 1845 89

Recent research findings provide evidence for Alzheimer's disease-related changes in brain diseases, such as normal pressure hydrocephalus and traumatic brain injury, and in glaucoma at the level of the retinal ganglion cells. This is a group of diseases that affect central nervous system tissue and are characterized by elevation of intracranial or intraocular pressure and/or local shear stress and strain. This strengthens the possibility that Alzheimer-type changes in these diseases may result at least in part from exposure of central nervous system tissue to elevated mechanical load. As activities or diseases with significant Valsalva effort can generate increased intracranial pressures, we hypothesize that individuals who frequently perform strong Valsalva maneuvers (e.g., long hours of repetitive heavy lifting, sequences of blows during the playing of a wind instrument, forceful and repetitive cough, bearing-down efforts during parturition) may be more susceptible to developing Alzheimer's disease. In this paper, we discuss three hypotheses about the mechanisms by which extensive use of the Valsalva maneuver might contribute to the neuropathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease: via mechanical stress-induced events in the hippocampus and/or via changes in the secretory process of the choroid plexus and/or via hemodynamic changes in cerebral blood flow. If confirmed, this hypothesis could have implications in clinical practice.
 ...
PMID:The Valsalva maneuver and Alzheimer's disease: is there a link? 1919 76

Chronic cough is defined as a daily cough lasting for more than eight weeks. We report an unusual case of chronic cough as the primary manifestation of obstructive hydrocephalus. Chronic cough in our case was determined to be of neurogenic origin only after exhaustive investigations failed to reveal a systemic cause, and, in particular, after a positive response to treatment of the hydrocephalus was observed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of hydrocephalus presenting as chronic cough. We believe this case will remind physicians of the importance of considering neurological disease as a cause of chronic cough after common causes are excluded.
 ...
PMID:Chronic cough as the presenting symptom of hydrocephalus. 2071 Jan 45

Chiari type I malformation is found in 1 out of 20 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. Isolated tonsillar herniation is of limited utility and should be considered within the clinical context because these patients can be asymptomatic. Cine MRI showing compression of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces in the foramen magnum area is a crucial technique for making treatment decisions. Congenital malformation is thought to be due to a volumetric small posterior fossa. The most common symptom in these patients is cough headache. Posterior fossa reconstruction is mandatory in patients with progressive symptoms/signs, hydrocephalus, or syringomyelia, but not in patients who are asymptomatic or those with stable and tolerable symptoms. Acquired tonsillar descent can be secondary to a variety of disorders conditioning disproportion between the volume of the cranial cavity and that of the intracranial contents, or to CSF hypovolemia, which is the most common cause for acquired herniation. CSF hypovolemia can be spontaneous or secondary to CSF removal. Treatment of acquired tonsillar herniation depends on the responsible etiology.
 ...
PMID:What differences exist in the appropriate treatment of congenital versus acquired adult Chiari type I malformation? 2132 65

This article briefly reviews the spectrum of headaches associated with Chiari type I malformation (CMI) and specifically analyzes the current data on the possibility of this malformation as an etiology for some cases of chronic daily headache (CDH). CMI is definitely associated with cough headache and not with primary episodic headaches, with the rare exception of basilar migraine-like cases. With regard to CDH, there is no clear evidence supporting an association with CMI. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study would be justified only in patients showing either a Valsalva-aggravating component or cervicogenic features. Hydrocephalus and low-intracranial pressure syndrome should be ruled out in patients showing tonsillar herniation in an MRI study and consulting due to daily headache.
 ...
PMID:Chronic daily headache in the adults: differential diagnosis between symptomatic Chiari I malformation and spontaneous intracranial hypotension. 2182 2

Several models are available to simulate raised intracranial pressure (ICP) in hydrocephalus. However, the hydrodynamic effect of an implanted shunt has seldom been examined. In this study, the simple model of Ursino and Lodi [14]is extended to include (1) the effect of a typical ball-in-cone valve, (2) the effect of the size of the diameter of the connecting tube from valve to abdomen, and (3) the concept of a controlled electromechanical shunt valve in overall cerebrospinal fluid dynamics.By means of simulation, it is shown how a shunt can lower ICP. Simulation results indicate that P and B waves still exist but at a lower ICP level and that, due to the exponential pressure-volume curve, their amplitude is also considerably lowered. A waves only develop if the valve is partially blocked. The resulting ICP is above the opening pressure of the valve, depending on the drain and resistance of the shunt.The concept of a new electromechanical shunt was more successful than the traditional mechanical valves in keeping ICP at a desired level. The influence of the patient's movements or coughing on ICP as well as the body position affecting the reference ICP, which can be measured, has not yet been modeled and should be addressed in future using suitable algorithms.
 ...
PMID:Simulation of existing and future electromechanical shunt valves in combination with a model for brain fluid dynamics. 2211 28

Disseminated tuberculosis is characterised by concurrent tubercular involvement of two or more non-contiguous organs. It is an unusual presentation of tuberculosis, especially in the absence of immunodeficiency. We describe a young, immunocompetent patient who presented with fever, cough, headache, diplopia and paraparesis. On examination, the patient had positive Kernig's sign, right third cranial nerve palsy and bilateral sixth cranial nerve palsy, bilateral lower limb weakness and crepititions on lung auscultation bilaterally. Chest radiogram revealed bilateral pulmonary tuberculosis. CT of brain showed hydrocephalus and MRI of spine showed collapse of lumbar vertebrae with paravertebral cold abscess. Sputum microscopy was positive for acid fast bacilli, cerebrospinal fluid analysis was suggestive of tubercular meningitis and CT-guided biopsy of the vertebral lesions revealed caseating granulomas with acid fast bacilli. The patient received antitubercular therapy with initial treatment with steroids and he improved clinically at the end of a 9-month treatment.
 ...
PMID:Disseminated tuberculosis manifesting as pulmonary, meningeal and spinal tuberculosis in an immunocompetent patient. 2323 76


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 Next >>