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 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A combined manometric and ultrasonographic study of the internal anal sphincter was carried out in 20 patients with haemorrhoids and 20 age-matched normal controls. Mean(s.e.m.) basal anal pressure was significantly higher in patients than in controls, 62(4) versus 45(6) cmH2O (P less than 0.05), although there were no significant differences in mean maximum basal and squeeze pressures. During rectal distension 90 per cent of patients showed no reduction in anal pressure in the outermost anal channel, although the internal sphincter electromyogram was suppressed and the external sphincter electromyogram did not necessarily increase above baseline. The mean(s.e.m.) maximum residual pressure was significantly higher in patients, 70(6) versus 45(6) cmH2O (P less than 0.05). Direct pressure measurement in anal cushions exhibited abnormally high median pressure in patients compared with controls, 35 versus 10 cmH2O (P less than 0.001). Pressures recorded during coughing and straining were also significantly higher in patients than in controls (P less than 0.001). Ultrasonographic study of the anal canal revealed a clear image of the internal sphincter, the thickness of which could easily be measured. The mean(s.e.m.) thickness of the sphincter was not significantly different, 2.3(0.2) versus 2.1(0.1) mm, between patients with haemorrhoids and controls (P = 0.18). The absence of any significant differences in the internal sphincter thickness between normal subjects and patients with haemorrhoids suggests that the high anal pressure in patients with haemorrhoids is of vascular origin.
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PMID:Haemorrhoids are associated not with hypertrophy of the internal anal sphincter, but with hypertension of the anal cushions. 161 62

Anorectal manometry and electrophysiology studies were conducted in 25 men with non-prolapsing haemorrhoids, ten men with prolapsing haemorrhoids, and 20 age-matched normal men. Mean(s.e.m.) minimum basal pressures were significantly higher in patients with non-prolapsing haemorrhoids than in normals (61(5) versus 43(7) cmH2O; P less than 0.05) or patients with prolapsing haemorrhoids (55(4) cmH2O; P less than 0.05). There were no significant differences in maximum basal pressures and maximum squeeze pressures. During rectal distension, all normal subjects showed relaxation in all anal channels. However, 92 per cent of patients with non-prolapsing haemorrhoids and 40 per cent of patients with prolapsing haemorrhoids showed no relaxation in the outer anal channels, even when relaxation occurred in the inner anal channels; internal sphincter electrical slow waves were suppressed and the integrated electrical activity of the external sphincter had returned to predistension values. Maximum residual anal pressures during balloon distension were significantly higher in patients with non-prolapsing haemorrhoids than normals (75(7) versus 45(7) cmH2O; P less than 0.01), or patients with prolapsing haemorrhoids (53(3) cmH2O; P less than 0.05). When subjects increased intra-abdominal pressure rectal pressure was significantly higher in patients with non-prolapsing haemorrhoids than in normal subjects (157(10) versus 105(15) cmH2O; P less than 0.05), but not in patients with prolapsing haemorrhoids (126(14) cmH2O). Resting anal cushion pressures in patients with non-prolapsing or prolapsing haemorrhoids were much higher than normal capillary or venous pressure and significantly higher than those recorded in normals (median 35, 35 versus 10 cmH2O; P less than 0.0001). Pressures recorded during coughing (60, 60 versus 30 cmH2O) and straining (78, 80 versus 55 cmH2O) were also significantly higher (P less than 0.0001) in patients than in normals. Pressures after straining were higher than those recorded before (38 versus 29 cmH2O; P less than 0.05) in 60 per cent of patients but no normal subjects and took 18-36 s to return to baseline. This study suggests that the abnormally high pressures in the anal canal in patients with haemorrhoids may be related to an increased vascular pressure in the anal cushions.
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PMID:Hypertensive anal cushions as a cause of the high anal canal pressures in patients with haemorrhoids. 234 Apr

Intraabdominal pressures were measured during natural activities in 6 men, age 24-62 years, treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The pressures were measured with a pressure transducer secured at the level of the umbilicus in the supine, sitting, and upright positions with 0-3 liters intraperitoneal fluid during talking, coughing, straining, changing position, walking, jogging, exercycling, jumping and weight lifting. Coughing and straining generated the highest intraabdominal pressures in every position. The pressures with weight lifting were proportional to the magnitude of the weight lifted up to 50 lbs, but were lower than those during coughing and straining. The pressures were generally higher with greater intraabdominal fluid volumes, especially with jumping and coughing. Exercycling was associated with lower intraabdominal pressure than was jogging, and the pressures were only minimally influenced by intraperitoneal fluid volumes. The results of this study can be used as a guide in establishing preventive measures in patients with intraperitoneal fluid to decrease complication rates related to raised intraabdominal pressures such as dialysate leaks, hernias and hemorrhoids.
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PMID:Intraabdominal pressures during natural activities in patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. 377 76

In Britain the government is currently proposing legislation that will encourage welfare recipients to gain employment. A central tenet of this 'welfare to work' policy is that employment will not only reduce the poverty of welfare recipients, but also improve their health. This research assessed the extent to which the movement from 'welfare to work' is likely to benefit the mental and physical health of lone mothers with preschool children. The sample was 719 lone mothers and a comparison group of 8779 women with partners drawn from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ALSPAC). Data collected by self completion questionnaire at 33 months postpartum provided information about average weekly take home family income and the mother's employment status. The health outcomes measured were general well being, both minor and major depression (using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), self report of respiratory symptoms (cough/cold, wheeze, influenza) from 18-33 months postpartum and self report of symptoms common in the childbearing years (backache, haemorrhoids) also from 18-33 months postpartum. Lone mothers who were not employed were the poorest group in the sample; 94% of this group (402) had a family income of less than pound sterling 200 per week, compared with 72% (188) of lone mothers who were employed, 25% (905) of partnered women who were not employed and 12% (466) of partnered women who were employed. Lone mothers were significantly more likely than women with partners to report poorer well being (chi2 = 11.7, df = 3, P = 0.01), to have a major depressive disorder (chi2 = 92.6, df = 1, P = 0.0001) and to report wheeze (chi2 = 31.1, df = 1, P = 0.0001), but significantly less likely to report cough/cold (chi2 = 9.9, df = 1, P = 0.0001) or haemorrhoids (chi2 = 16.6, df = 1, P = 0.0001). Lone mothers who were unemployed and living on less than pound sterling 100 per week were significantly more likely to be depressed (chi2 = 3.9, df = 1, P = 0.05) than those who were employed and living on pound sterling 200 or more per week, and significantly less likely to report cough/cold (chi2 = 3.8, df = 1, P = 0.05). Logistic regression analyses showed no significant independent association between employment and better health for lone mothers. Rather, when compared with lone mothers who were not working, those who were employed were more likely to report minor respiratory symptoms such as cough/cold (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.00,2.31). Overall, the results suggested that the movement from 'welfare to work' is unlikely to improve the health of lone mothers.
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PMID:Does employment improve the health of lone mothers? The ALSPAC Study Team. Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood. 1041 45

One of the applications developed within the EU-funded projects TESEMED and TESEMED-II is a program for the information and continuous training of community pharmacists, with the aim to empower them as advisors of the citizens about self-medication topics. Several programs are being developed on the basis of ad-hoc developed protocols about minor ailments (currently, cold and flu, haemorrhoids, constipation and cough). Each program includes three modules: a hypertextual version of the protocol, an interactive scheme of it, and an educational tool called Encounter Simulator, that trains the pharmacist about the protocol by means of simulated pharmacist-customer interactions. The testing of these applications with 84 community pharmacists offers positive results in terms of expectations, program characteristics and perceived usefulness.
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PMID:Telematics applications to support the role of the community pharmacists as self-medication advisors. TESEMED Consortium. 1072 97

This is a report of a prescription book which Munetomo Murayama, a medical doctor attached to the Date Watari Feudal Clan, inherited from his ancestors and handed on to his descendants. It is now preserved in the Date Museum in Date, Hokkaido, Japan, and the records there show that it was donated by a descendant of Dr. Murayama. The prescription book is unique in its detailed descriptions that are different from traditional medicine. It describes specific illnesses and the medications that were used in their treatment. The illnesses described are not serious ailments but illnesses commonly encountered in daily life and commonly available (over-the-counter) drugs recommended for the treatment of stomach ailments, diarrhea ; drugs for external use, also 'tochino' (a non-prescription drug commonly used for all kinds of illnesses in old times in Japan), drugs for tiredness, hemorrhoids, cough relief, aroma therapy, and others. Some of the drugs are also recognized today as being effective and having medicinal effects. They are thought to be agents with medicinal effects and the treatments reported by Dr. Murayama are separate and different from the Shimizu style in which they are applied.
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PMID:[Documents related to a medical prescription book in the Date Museum (Date City, Hokkaido)]. 1162 46

Atharvaveda is the fourth and last Veda of Hindu literature. Its oldest name was 'ATHARVANGIRASAH', because it was contributed by two sages, ATHARVAN and ANGIRA. It is also known as 'Bhaishajjvaveda'. Atharvaveda gives information regarding plants, minerals and animal products with their usage for medical purposes. For example, 'Apamarga', a plant is useful for cough, piles, itching and abdominal pain, wherea 'Lavana' is useful for pimples; 'Shankha' useful to protect from diseases and 'Mriga Shringa' is useful for pulmonary consumption and other chronic diseases etc.
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PMID:Atharvaveda and its materia medica. 1257 97

Vietnamese edible marine macro-algae (seaweed) are of interest because of their value in nutrition and medicine. Vietnamese living in the coastal have traditionally utilized seaweeds species as food supplement and herbal medicine. They consumed seaweed as food in various forms: raw as salad and vegetable, pickle with sauce or with vinegar, relish or sweetened jellies and also cooked for vegetable soup. As herbal medicine, seaweed is usually used for traditional comestics, treatments for cough, asthma, hemorrhoid, boils, goitres, stomach ailments, urinary diseases, reduce the incidence of tumors, ulcers and headaches. Although Vietnam has an abundance of algae floral with total number of species is estimated to be nearly 1000 spp. in which there are 638 species of marine algae identified. However, there have been no intense study regarding to changes in marine algal chemistry. The fifteen species of edible seaweeds studied in this paper include green, brown and red algae. The proximate compositions as ash, protein, lipid, carbohydrate, fatty acids, vitamins, pigments, macro and micro-elements were compared among different species examined and the genetic relationships among them by analyzing the species-specific differences in nucleotide sequences of ITS-1 region of the ribosomal DNA was identified.
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PMID:Nutritional analysis of Vietnamese seaweeds for food and medicine. 1563 Mar 5

The Taylor-Schechter (T-S) collection at Cambridge University Library is the biggest of all Cairo Genizah collections in the world. The importance and the potential of research into the medical aspects of the Genizah documents were clear to researcher since the early 1960s. A few works have been published since, usually focusing on one subject, or even important single manuscripts. The current research concerned mainly with one aspect of the history of medicine of the Jewish community of Cairo (as a reflection of Eastern medieval societies), namely the practical uses of natural substances for medicine. The most interesting and original information is undoubtedly to be found in the 141 prescriptions, as they reflect the medical reality that actually existed. And indeed, 242 substances were recorded in the prescriptions identified: 195 substances of plants origin (80.6%), 27 inorganic materials (11.2%) and 20 substances of animal origin (8.2%) were recorded as being in practical used for medicinal purposes. The most frequently mentioned substances were the rose, myrobalan, sugar, almonds, and endive. The most prevalent ailments: eye diseases, headache, constipations (purgative), cough, skin diseases, stomach, fever, gynaecological problems, haemorrhoids, liver ailments, lice, swellings, dental trouble, ulcers, and problems of the urinary tract.
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PMID:Reconstruction of the inventory of materia medica used by members of the Jewish community of medieval Cairo according to prescriptions found in the Taylor-Schechter Genizah collection, Cambridge. 1689 20

46year old female presented with a one week history of high grade fever, chills, cough, and severe nausea. The patient had been admitted a month earlier with severe lower gastrointestinal bleeding from hemorrhoids necessitating transfusion of 7 units of packed red blood cells. Initial work-up was unremarkable. Because of persistent symptoms, the patient was admitted 2 days later. Malaria smear was positive. Due to the severity of her symptoms, she was managed as falciparum malaria and was started on intravenous quinine and oral doxycycline. On the second day of treatment the patient developed respiratory failure, requiring intubation and ventilatory support with new bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. Antimalarial treatment was continued for a total of 7 days followed by primaquine for 14 days once the blood smear results revealed Plasmodium ovale infection. The patient remained intubated in the intensive care unit (ICU) for 16 days, and was later extubated successfully with a clear chest x-ray after a total of one month hospitalization. To our knowledge, this is the first case of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to blood transfusion related P. ovale malaria infection in a non-endemic country.
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PMID:Transfusion-related Plasmodium ovale malaria complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in a non-endemic country. 2097 Dec 12


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