Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study was conducted in the Guatemalan highland department of Sacatepequez, in a sample of 146 rural women insured by the Social Security system. It examined their health care behaviour when their children presented common childhood symptoms such as diarrhoea, fever, cough and worms. The mothers generally sought help and treatment advice from an older woman in the family, and did so more often for diarrhoea (82%) and fever (64%) than for cough (43%) or worms (28%). Obtaining advice in a pharmacy or from a drug seller ranked second (range: 8%-38%, depending on the symptom), before the procurement of professional help at a medical service (range: 8%-23%). Traditional healers were hardly consulted (range: 0%-3%). In the case of self-treatment the women predominantly relied on Western drugs: around 80% in diarrhoea and fever, and above 50% in cough. Herbs and traditional external remedies were little used, except in cough (27% herbs) and worms (58% external remedies). None of the mothers reported ORS as home treatment for diarrhoea. Problems of geographical or financial accessibility could not explain the low utilisation of the Western health care system. The acceptability of public services, however, was poor. Largely because the Social Security clinic did not prescribe the "potent" modern drugs mothers preferred for the treatment of childhood symptoms--at least, not for uncomplicated illness episodes. Women hence turned to the--partially informal--private sector, which unabashedly responds to their demands. Clear away the discrepancy between the "rational" needs perceived by the official health sector and the demands of the population is one of the bigger challenges to health care planning in transitional communities such as the one studied.
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PMID:Health seeking behaviour and self-treatment for common childhood symptoms in rural Guatemala. 794 51

During January-March 1991 in Gabuswetan subdistrict, Regency of Indramayu, West Java in Indonesia, interviews were conducted with health care providers, mothers, men from the community, traditional healers, biomedical and indigenous health care providers, 17-42 year old mothers who came to the community health center with an infant or young child with an acute respiratory illness (ARI), and mothers from the subdistrict with a child younger than 5 years old. This rapid ethnographic assessment aimed to examine local beliefs, perceptions, and practices relating to ARIs in infants and toddlers. The people perceived naturalistic and supernatural causes to be responsible for ARIs in infants and young children. Air or wind entering the body through exposure to a draft, breeze, or change in weather was the most commonly perceived cause of ARI. Eating rough or scratchy foods, worms, and spraining of a child's muscles were believed to leave a child vulnerable to ghosts, causing serious illness or death in children. Mothers recognized cough, fever, and rapid and difficult breathing as signs and symptoms of ARI. They were more concerned about fever than difficult breathing. Infants (= or 12 months) were less likely to be taken for effective medical care outside of the home during an ARI episode than older children. They were more likely to be 1st taken to a traditional healer. They also were less likely to receive an effective drug regimen (i.e., antibiotics), because mothers, traditional healers, and drug sellers believed that the drugs were too strong and that the mothers should take the drugs instead to pass them on through the breast milk. These findings were similar to those of other studies of Javanese culture and were predictive of significant health outcomes.
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PMID:Acute respiratory illnesses in children under five years in Indramayu, west Java, Indonesia: a rapid ethnographic assessment. 804 Dec 39

Angiostrongylus vasorum infection was diagnosed in six dogs by the identification of larvae in sputum or faeces, or by the identification of adult worms post mortem. In another dog strong evidence of the condition was obtained but no parasites were identified. In four cases the main clinical signs were coughing and dyspnoea, but one dog had exercise intolerance and no history of coughing. One dog in which larvae were found in the faeces had no clinical signs that were related to the infection. Another dog had flaccid hindlimb paralysis and forelimb hypermetria-clinical signs of the disease which have not been reported previously. Four of the cases came from south Wales, one of them being the first case of the infection to be reported from this area.
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PMID:Angiostrongylus vasorum infection in seven dogs. 830 6

Considerable efforts were made in Guatemala to cover rural areas with health centres, and health programmes have been launched to treat and prevent the most important childhood diseases. Despite this, the utilization rate of public health services has reportedly been low throughout the past two decades. How, and how effectively, do mothers resolve the health problems of their children? To gain better insight into health care behaviour, we conducted a health services utilization survey in two highland communities in the department of Sacatepequez in 1992-1993. We asked 324 mothers in two villages whether, and where, they had sought help the last time their children under 5 years of age had suffered from diarrhoea, fever, cough symptoms or worms. Mothers relied on home care in 63-83% of reported episodes and the use of health services-Western or traditional-was consistently low. Although Western health care was easily accessible, it was used in only 8-15% of cases. The only identifiable significant independent determinants of utilization were occupational status of the mother (RR = 1.5 if employed) and overall level of socioeconomic development of the community (RR = 1.7). Inquiry into treatments used revealed that except for worms, which were frequently treated with herbs (31%) or external remedies (20%) alone, modern pharmaceuticals predominated. Antibiotics were the remedy of choice against diarrhoea (63%), antipyretics in case of fever (83%) and cough syrups with expectorants or antitussives against cough (65%). One hundred and twenty-one of the children born after 1975 died; in only 64 cases (53%) was a Western health service consulted between onset of disease and death. No relation was found between attendance and socioeconomic characteristics of the parents, but a positive linear association between duration of the fatal illness episode and age of the child could be identified. Independent sources report a drop in infant mortality of 53 and 35% respectively in the two communities between 1977 and 1991. Our findings seem to indicate that this reduction was achieved despite under-utilization of Western health services.
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PMID:Health seeking behaviour for child illness in rural Guatemala. 866 80

A case is described of a profoundly immunosuppressed Brazilian man with AIDS presenting with a cough, abdominal and groin pain, shortness of breath, and wheezing. Past history included Pneumocystis pneumonia, and asthma that had been managed with bronchodilators. The patient also had a history of poor compliance with TMP-SMX prophylaxis. Prior to making a confirmed diagnosis, he is treated with antibacterial agents, TMP-SMX, and steroids. After results of a bronchoscopy and sigmoid oscopy showed adult strongyloides worms, the patient was treated with thiabendazole. Despite aggressive treatment, the patient died after a few days. This case indicates the need to screen for endemic organisms that can be reactivated in the immunocompromised host.
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PMID:Reappearance of a remotely acquired infection. 1136 55

Sin Ho is a district of the northern mountainous province of Lai Chau, Vietnam, where the people have the habit of eating undercooked crabs. A study on paragoniamiasis carried out from 1994 to 1995 with 1,642 persons in this endemic area, showed that the rate of eating raw-crab was 72.5%. Crab examination (Ranguna kimboiensis) showed an infection rate of Paragonimus metacercaria of 98.1%. With 624 stool samples examined by Kato technique, the infection rate of Paragonimus in humans was 6.4%. With 338 sputum samples examined by direct and centrifuge methods, the infection rate of Paragonimus was 7.4%. Most of the patients were children (63.2%). The infection rate of Paragonimus in dogs was 18.2 - 33.3%. Adult worms, collected from the dogs in the field and from the cats in laboratory, were identified as Paragonimus heterotremus. The main symptoms of Paragonimus patients were cough and hemoptysis (92%), discontinuously developed (96%), without fever (94%), chest pain (70%), pleural effusion (26%), neurogical symptoms (8%), eosinophilia (88.9%), nodular ring shadows in the lungs, as shown by chest X-ray examination and more in lower lobe, (76.2%). Paragonimiasis patients were treated by (a) Praziquantel 25 mg/kg/day x 3 days; the cure rate was 68.8%. (b) Praziquantel 50 mg/kg/day x 3 days; the cure rate was 75%.
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PMID:Epidemiology, symptoms and treatment of paragonimiasis in Sin Ho district, Lai Chau province, Vietnam. 1141 55

Crenosoma (C.) vulpis infection was diagnosed in 10 dogs aged between 0.5 and 12 years (median 4 years) during a 4-year period. The predominant clinical sign in all dogs was coughing which lasted from 1 day to > 4 months. Hematological abnormalities included eosinophilia in 5/9 dogs, basophilia in 3/9 dogs, and mild monocytosis in 6/9 dogs. Thoracic radiographs (n = 9) were normal in 1 dog, showed a mild bronchial or interstitial pattern in 4 dogs, and moderate to marked changes (bronchial-interstitial to alveolar) in 4 dogs. Endoscopic findings (n = 9) varied from mild erythematous bronchitis (n = 3) to marked bronchitis with accumulation of large amounts of mucus (n = 2), irregular nodular mucosal surface (n = 2), accumulation of pus (n = 1), and bronchial hemorrhage (n = 1). Adult worms were observed in 2 dogs. Bronchial lavage cytology revealed inflammation with predominance of eosinophils in 7/10 dogs, eosinophils and neutrophils in 2/10 dogs, and neutrophils in 1/10 dogs. C. vulpis larvae were identified in the BAL of 5/10 dogs. Fecal examinations with the Baermann technique was the most sensitive method and positive in all 10 dogs. C. vulpis infection has to be considered in the differential diagnosis in dogs of all ages presenting with acute or chronic cough.
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PMID:Spontaneous Crenosoma vulpis infection in 10 dogs: laboratory, radiographic and endoscopic findings. 1203 15

There are no reports documenting toxicity or adverse effects after treatment of children aged < 24 months with benzimidazole derivatives and there is an urgent need to clarify this point in light of the potential detrimental effect that soil-transmitted helminthiasis has on this age-group. A total of 653 treatments (317 mebendazole 500 mg; 336 placebo) were administered in 1996/97 to 212 children aged < 24 months as part of a 1-year anthelmintic drug study conducted among preschool-age children in Tanzania. Data on fever, cough, diarrhoea, dysentery and acute respiratory illness were collected 1 week following the treatment. No differences between the occurrence of adverse effects in the 2 groups were observed. In light of the potential nutritional benefit achieved by regular deworming in this young age-group, the policy that excludes children aged < 24 months from treatment should be re-considered.
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PMID:Is the exclusion of children under 24 months from anthelmintic treatment justifiable? 1205 14

Stemona alkaloids represent a unique class of natural products exclusively isolated from the monocotyledonous family Stemonaceae comprising three genera mainly distributed in southeast Asia. Structurally the alkaloids are characterised by a pyrrolo[1,2- a]azepine nucleus usually linked with two carbon chains mostly forming terminal lactone rings. Based on biosynthetic considerations and their various distribution the present review describes 82 Stemona alkaloids grouped into three skeletal types. Due to different carbon chains attached to C-9 of the pyrroloazepine nucleus they were classified into stichoneurine-, protostemonine- and croomine-type alkaloids. The genera Croomia and Stichoneuron only accumulate croomine or stichoneurine derivatives, respectively, whereas the genus Stemona produces all three types of alkaloids. However, species-specific accumulation trends towards certain structural types represent valuable chemosystematic criteria. Bioassays with larvae of Spodoptera littoralis exhibited very high insect toxicity for the roots of Stemona species containing certain protostemonine derivatives, especially didehydrostemofoline, whereas those with dominating stichoneurine or croomine derivatives showed low toxicity but sometimes remarkable repellence due to an accumulation of tuberostemonine. Tuberostemonine also showed effects on the motility of helminth worms and reduced the excitatory transmission at the crayfish neuromuscular junction. Significant antitussive activity was shown for the stereoisomeric neotuberostemonine in guinea-pig after cough induction by citric acid aerosol stimulation. Studies on structure-activity relationship with seven related compounds revealed that the saturated tricyclic pyrrolobenzazepine nucleus of tuberostemonines is the prerequisite for antitussive activity.
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PMID:Structural relationships, distribution and biological activities of stemona alkaloids. 1649 44

First case report of Mammomonogamus (Syngamus) laryngeus human infection in Colombia Parasitic nematodes of the genus Mammomonogamus affect the respiratory tract of domestic mammals. The male and female of M. laryngeus remain in permanent copula so that the pair appears as a "Y'. To date, a few more than 100 cases of human infections by this parasite have been reported in the biomedical literature. This report describes the first infected patient in Colombia. He had a persistent and productive cough and after an episode of coughing a pair of worms were expelled in sputum with total clinical recovery. Since there is scant clinical information about this parasite, this report includes a description of the adult worms, a summary of the epidemiology and the clinical manifestations in humans. Photographs are presented to facilitate future identification by morphological characteristics.
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PMID:[First case report of Mammomonogamus (Syngamus) laryngeus human infection in Colombia]. 1717 97


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