Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Topical beta-adrenergic blocking agents are commonly used to treat glaucoma. Exacerbations of asthma and bronchospasm caused by topical beta-adrenergic ophthalmic preparations are well known. We describe a 67-year-old woman who had aspiration pneumonitis characterized by a nodular infiltrate in the right middle lobe of the lung and nocturnal coughing after beginning topical application of an ointment (Lacri-Lube) for treatment of xerophthalmia. Bronchial washing demonstrated lipid-laden pulmonary alveolar macrophages. After the use of Lacri-Lube was discontinued, her cough and the chest roentgenographic abnormality totally disappeared. We postulate that the topical ophthalmic preparation, which contains mineral oil and petrolatum, drained into the nasopharynx, trachea, and bronchial tree through the nasolacrimal duct and caused lipoid pneumonitis from aspiration of the oil contents. To our knowledge, this is the first report of pulmonary complications caused by Lacri-Lube. We briefly review the pulmonary complications, including pulmonary edema, apnea from paralysis of respiratory muscles, bronchospasm from non-beta-adrenergic blocking drugs, and electrolyte abnormalities, attributable to topically and systemically administered ophthalmic medications.
 ...
PMID:Pulmonary complications from ophthalmic preparations. 237 76

In this study, we report the case of a 48 year-old female patient showing a clinical picture after a month's evolution consisting of cough, moderate effort dyspnoea, asthenia, anorexia and loss of weight. One year before, she had been diagnosed with bronchial asthma and she had been treated for two years with policarpine collyrium for a glaucoma simplex. The exploration only showed the existence of iris synechias in the right eye and conjunctival hyperaemia on the same side, together with basal crepitant rales on auscultation. Once we had proved the existence of a peripheral eosinophilia superior to three thousand elements per mm3 and of peripheral pulmonary infiltrates with radiographic negative for pulmonary edema, the picture was included in the so-called P.I.E. syndrome whose various etiologies were discarded subsequently. Following a pharmacological survey, a study of parasites in faeces and cutaneous tests as well as provocative tests, the specific causes of P.I.E. were discarded. According to the transbronchial biopsy and the biopsies of skin, nerve and muscle, it was unlikely that the diagnosis would be granulomatosis and/or angiitis. No evidence was found of any of the affections in which P.I.E. is regarded as a minor component. In view of the above, we thought the correct diagnosis was chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, since all the characteristics defining this picture according to Carrington were fulfilled. The treatment was started with corticoids and a clear improvement of all clinical symptoms was observed, including the ocular findings and the disappearance of radiographic pulmonary infiltrates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Apropos of a case of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia associated with iridocyclitis and bronchial asthma]. 383 34

Sudden, explosive headache is rather rare. Though dramatic for the patient and the physician, it does not necessarily herald an intracranial catastrophe. Benign and dangerous thunderclap headaches cannot be distinguished from the features of headache itself, but rather on the basis of the situation, the additional symptoms and the findings. This means that every sudden headache should be considered potentially dangerous and be investigated immediately. The dangerous forms comprise intermittent hydrocephalus, acute bacterial meningitis and above all vascular complications. Subarachnoid hemorrhage frequently must be ruled out by computed tomography and lumbar puncture. Intracerebral, especially cerebellar hemorrhage, as well as hypertensive crisis require immediate treatment. Fatal cerebral embolism complicating spontaneous dissection of craniocervical arteries (carotid or vertebral arteries) can be prevented by early anticoagulant therapy. To confirm diagnosis, additional investigations such as CT, lumbar puncture or cerebrovascular ultrasound, and in rare cases MRI, should be performed early as the available time for effective therapy in many situations is short. Many of the benign forms of sudden headache can be diagnosed with a focused interview (cold or drug induced and food dependent headaches, sinusitis, glaucoma). Others, such as neuralgia, cough and coital headache, can be diagnosed as benign only when additional investigations have ruled out symptomatic forms.
 ...
PMID:[Acute headache]. 848 83

This paper provides an overview of our current understanding of the role of sigma-receptors in the regulation of cough, gastrointestinal and retinal function. Systemic administration of N-(+)-allylnormetazocine ((+)SKF-10,047), 1,2-di-(2-toyl)guanidine (DTG) or pentazocine markedly reduced the number of coughs in a dose-dependent manner. The antitussive effect of these sigma-receptor ligands was significantly reduced by pretreatment with haloperidol or rimcazol, a specific antagonist of sigma-receptors. Antitussive effects of dextromethorphan and noscapine were significantly and dose-dependently reduced by pretreatment with rimcazole. However, rimcazole did not have a significant effect on the antitussive effect of morphine. These results suggest that haloperidol-sensitive sigma-receptors may be involved in the antitussive mechanism of non-narcotic antitussive drugs. Selective sigma-receptor ligands such as (+)SKF-10,047, DTG and (+)pentazocine elicit a potent protection against gastric and duodenal ulcers. Ulcerprotective activity of sigma-receptor ligands may be related to their stimulating effect on bicarbonate secretion through interaction with sigma-receptors in the gastrointestinal mucosa. Activation of sigma-receptors in retina protect retinal cells against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. It is possible that sigma-receptor ligands may be useful as therapeutic drugs against retinal disease with ischemia-induced neuronal cell death such as retinal artery occlusion, diabetes mellitus or glaucoma.
 ...
PMID:[Possible role of sigma-receptors in the regulation of cough reflex, gastrointestinal and retinal function]. 1056 63

Epidemic dropsy is a clinical state resulting from use of edible oils adulterated with Argemone mexicana oil. Sanguinarine and dehydrosanguinarine are two major toxic alkaloids of Argemone oil, which cause widespread capillary dilatation, proliferation and increased capillary permeability. Leakage of the protein-rich plasma component into the extracellular compartment leads to the formation of oedema. The haemodynamic consequences of this vascular dilatation and permeability lead to a state of relative hypovolemia with a constant stimulus for fluid and salt conservation by the kidneys. Illness begins with gastroenteric symptoms followed by cutaneous erythema and pigmentation. Respiratory symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath and orthopnoea progressing to frank right-sided congestive cardiac failure are seen. Mild to moderate anaemia, hypoproteinaemia, mild to moderate renal azotemia, retinal haemorrhages, and glaucoma are common manifestations. There is no specific therapy. Removal of the adulterated oil and symptomatic treatment of congestive cardiac failure and respiratory symptoms, along with administration of antioxidants and multivitamins, remain the mainstay of treatment. Selective cultivation of yellow mustard, strict enforcement of the Indian Food Adulteration Act, and exemplary punishment to unscrupulous traders are the main preventive measures.
 ...
PMID:Epidemic dropsy in India. 1062 75

A 74-year-old woman visited her local physician complaining of fever, cough, headache, hyperemic left conjunctiva, and blurred vision. She was diagnosed as having common cold and medicated for it, and later, she visited our department. She had a shallow left anterior chamber with moderately dilated pupil. Gonioscopic examination of the left eye revealed a narrow angle corresponding to grade 1 by Shaffer grading system. Left intraocular pressure was 16 mmHg. She was diagnosed to have had a spontaneous recovery from a subacute attack of angle-closure glaucoma. Laser iridectomy was performed and she was put on a regular ophthalmological follow-up. Three years later, she experienced an attack of left angle-closure glaucoma secondary to lens intumescence. She was treated by phacoemulsification and aspitaion which resulted in the eventual cure.
 ...
PMID:[Angle-closure glaucoma: important points in the diagnosis and follow-up]. 1457 51

In the context of this review, civil unrest is defined as disharmony, expressive dissatisfaction and/or disagreement between members of a community, which leads to a situation of competitive aggression that may find expression as disruption of organisation, conflicts, damage to property and injuries. Such a breakdown of harmonious relationships, which may result in property damage and human injuries that may be threatening to life, varies in magnitude from participation of a very few individuals up to the involvement of large crowds of people, which may evolve into a full-scale riot. It is the latter situation often involving demonstrators, opposing groups and law enforcement personnel that can result in multiple casualties and present a very significant challenge to the resources of local healthcare institutions. The causation of civil unrest incidents is multifactorial and has generic, specific and potentiating elements. With the current national and international societal, political and discriminatory problems, it is likely that civil unrest incidents on both small and large scales will continue to occur at a high and possibly increasing rate on a worldwide basis, and for these not infrequent incidents, the medical community should be in a state of informed preparation. The circumstances of civil unrest incidents are very variable with respect to causation, overall magnitude, frequency, timing, geographical location, numbers of persons involved, demographics of participants, influence of extremists, confrontation with opposing groups and control measures used by law enforcement agencies. Methods used by police and security forces for the control of civil unrest incidents, if advanced negotiations with organisers and verbal warnings have failed, fall basically into two categories: physical and chemical measures. Physical methods include restraint holds, truncheons, batons, mounted horses, projectiles (such as bean bags, plastic and rubber bullets), water cannons, tasers and (rarely) live ammunition. All of these physical measures are associated with pain and immobilisation, and there is a high potential for soft tissue and bone injuries. Some of the more severe physical methods, including plastic and rubber bullets, may cause lethal injuries. The basis for using chemicals in civil unrest incidents is that they cause distraction, transient harassment and incapacitation, temporary impairment of the conduct of coordinated tasks and cause a desire to vacate the area of unrest. Although screening smokes and malodors have sometimes been employed, the major group of chemicals used are peripheral chemosensory irritants (PCSIs), which reversibly interact with sensory nerve receptors in exposed skin and mucosal surfaces, resulting in the production of local uncomfortable sensations and associated reflexes. Major effects are on the eye, respiratory tract and (to a lesser degree) skin. Thus, the induced transient pain and discomfort in the eye, respiratory tract and skin, together with associated lacrimation, blepharospasm, rhinorrhoea, sialorrhoea, cough and breathing difficulties, produce temporary incapacitation and interference with the conduct of coordinated tasks, and form the basis for harassment of malefactors. Currently used peripheral chemosensory irritants are 1-chloroacetophenone, 2-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile, dibenz(b.f)-1,4-oxazepine, oleoresin capsicum and pelargonic acid vanillylamide. Depending on operational circumstances, irritants may be dispersed as a smoke, powder cloud, aerosol, vapour, or in solution; the mode of generation and dispersion of irritant can influence hazard. Brief acute exposure to chemosensory irritants produces effects that generally resolve within an hour, leaving no long-term sequelae. However, sustained exposure to high concentrations may produce tissue injury, notably to the eye, respiratory tract and skin. With solutions of sensory irritants, other formulation constituents may enhance PCSI toxicity or introduce additional local and/or systemic toxicity. By the very circumstances of civil unrest incidents, injuries are inevitable, particularly when emotions are heightened and police and security forces have to resort to various chemical and/or physical means of control. Trauma may include slight to severe physical and/or chemical injuries, psychological problems and occasional deaths. Hospitals should be prepared for a wide range of casualties, and the fact that those seeking help will constitute a heterogeneous group, including wide age range, male, female, and individuals with pre-existing ill health. A major civil unrest incident necessitates that the local receiving hospital should be prepared and equipped for decontamination and triage processes. It is necessary to reassure patients who have been exposed to sensory irritants that the signs and symptoms are rapidly reversible, and do not result in long-term sequelae. With respect to chemical exposures, detailed evaluation should be given to possible ocular, cutaneous, respiratory and gastrointestinal effects. Also, exposure to chemosensory irritants results in transient increases in blood pressure, bradycardia and increased intraocular pressure. This indicates that those with cardiovascular diseases and glaucoma may be at increased risk for the development of complications. This article details the pharmacological, toxicological and clinical effects of chemicals used in civil disturbance control and discusses the management of contaminated individuals. Additionally, the potential for adverse effects from delivery systems and other physical restraint procedures is summarised. Due to the emergency and specialised circumstances and conditions of a civil unrest incident, there is a clear need for advanced planning by healthcare institutions in the event that such an incident occurs in their catchment area. This should include ensuring a good information base, preparations for medical and support staff readiness, and availability of required equipment and medications. Ideally, planning, administration and coordination should be undertaken at both local (regional) and central (governmental) centres. Regional centres should have responsibilities for education, training, ensuring facilities and staffing are appropriate, and that adequate equipment and medicines are available. There should be cooperative interactions and communications with local police and other emergency services. Centrally directed functions should include ensuring adequacy of the information base, coordinating activities and agreeing approaches between the regional centres, and periodic audits of regional centres with respect to the staffing, facility, equipment and training needs. Also, there is a need for most countries to introduce detailed guidelines and formal (regulatory) schemes for the assessment of the safety-in-use of chemicals and the delivery systems that are to be used against heterogeneous human populations for the control of civil unrest incidents. Such regulatory approval schemes should also cover advisory functions for safe use and any required restrictions.
 ...
PMID:Medical management of the traumatic consequences of civil unrest incidents: causation, clinical approaches, needs and advanced planning criteria. 1719 22

Recent research findings provide evidence for Alzheimer's disease-related changes in brain diseases, such as normal pressure hydrocephalus and traumatic brain injury, and in glaucoma at the level of the retinal ganglion cells. This is a group of diseases that affect central nervous system tissue and are characterized by elevation of intracranial or intraocular pressure and/or local shear stress and strain. This strengthens the possibility that Alzheimer-type changes in these diseases may result at least in part from exposure of central nervous system tissue to elevated mechanical load. As activities or diseases with significant Valsalva effort can generate increased intracranial pressures, we hypothesize that individuals who frequently perform strong Valsalva maneuvers (e.g., long hours of repetitive heavy lifting, sequences of blows during the playing of a wind instrument, forceful and repetitive cough, bearing-down efforts during parturition) may be more susceptible to developing Alzheimer's disease. In this paper, we discuss three hypotheses about the mechanisms by which extensive use of the Valsalva maneuver might contribute to the neuropathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease: via mechanical stress-induced events in the hippocampus and/or via changes in the secretory process of the choroid plexus and/or via hemodynamic changes in cerebral blood flow. If confirmed, this hypothesis could have implications in clinical practice.
 ...
PMID:The Valsalva maneuver and Alzheimer's disease: is there a link? 1919 76

Chronic cough is a common symptom with significant morbidity. We report a case of a 51-year-old woman who presented with chronic cough. She recently had received a diagnosis of glaucoma and had started receiving therapy with topical latanoprost. The onset of cough coincided with the use of latanoprost. We performed a citric acid cough challenge while the patient was receiving latanoprost and repeated the challenge after therapy with the drug was stopped. The initial cough challenge revealed marked hypersensitivity of the cough reflex. After stopping therapy with latanoprost for 10 days, the cough sensitivity was reduced significantly. Within 3 days of recommending therapy with latanoprost, the cough sensitivity increased to the initial value. This case illustrates that the topical application of latanoprost can markedly increase cough sensitivity, which is reversible on stopping administration of the drug. Moreover, the case reflects the clinical manifestation of the effect of topical latanoprost therapy on cough reflex, which, to our knowledge, has never been reported in the medical literature.
 ...
PMID:Heightened cough sensitivity secondary to latanoprost. 1989 80

A 4 yr old spayed female Labrador retriever with clinical signs of blindness, cutaneous lesions, coughing, inappetence, and lethargy was diagnosed with disseminated blastomycosis based on cytologic (skin and lymph node aspirates) and histopathologic (skin biopsy) examinations of tissue samples. The dog deteriorated clinically during hospitalization and developed sustained ventricular tachycardia. Echocardiography revealed pericardial effusion, a nodule associated with the left ventricular papillary muscle, and a right atrial mural lesion. Therapy for myocardial performance and glaucoma was initiated. A combination of itraconazole and fluconazole successfully treated the dog. The dog regained vision in the left eye (oculus sinister [OS]) and had no residual cardiac disease detectable by either electrocardiography or echocardiography. This report is unique in documenting survival from intracardiac blastomycosis and in the use of combination azole therapy for treating disseminated disease with intraocular involvement.
...
PMID:Successful treatment of intracardiac and intraocular blastomycosis in a dog with combination azole therapy. 2369 Apr 85


1 2 Next >>