Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 72-year-old man with reflux esophagitis visited our department with a chief complaint of coughing at night. Since he had a large sliding esophageal hiatal hernia that was increasing in size, he underwent laparoscopic fundoplication. While dissecting the left side of the esophagus with laparosonic coagulating shears, the wall of the thoracic aorta started to bleed. The procedure was urgently converted to open surgery, and the pinhole aortic injury site was suture-obliterated. Thereafter Toupet fundoplication was performed, and the patient did not develop any postoperative complications. To our knowledge, only one other case of aortic injury unrelated to trocar insertion has been reported.
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PMID:Thoracic aortic injury during laparoscopic fundoplication for reflux esophagitis. 1905 56

In this article, we reviewed our experience of treatment of the delayed intrathoracic nonmalignant esophageal perforation employing modified intraluminal esophageal stent. Between February 1990 and August 2006, eight patients were included in this study. Five patients experienced sepsis. The interval time between perforation and stent placement ranged from 36 h to 27 days (average, 8.6 days). Esophageal stenting and throracotomy for foreign body removal were performed in four patients. The remaining four patients underwent stent placement and thoracostomy. Nutrition was initiated through gastrostomy after 7 to 10 days after the stenting. The stent was removed after the patients resumed oral intake of food and the esophagogram showed that perforation was closed. There was no death in this group. Signs of sepsis remitted 1 week after stent placement. Complications included stress ulcer, stimulative cough, and pneumonia each. Stent removal ranged 32 to 120 days (average 66.7) after its placement. The stent was kept in place for 4 months to prevent formation of esophageal stricture in one patient with caustic esophageal burns. The follow-up was completed in all the patients. The mean follow-up period was 59 months (range 12-180). One patient with caustic esophageal burn underwent cicatricial esophagectomy and gastric transposition 3 years later due to the esophageal stricture. Barium swallow demonstrated that there was a diverticulum-like outpouching in one patient and slight esophageal stricture at T2 and T3 level in another. One patient developed reflux esophagitis 5 years after stent removal. All the patients finally had a normal intake of food. Modified esophageal stenting is an effective method to manage the delayed intrathoracic esophageal perforation. Prevention of stent migration and its convenient adjustment might be the major advantages of this method.
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PMID:Management of delayed intrathoracic esophageal perforation with modified intraluminal esophageal stent. 1919 58

A global evidence-based consensus has defined gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) as 'a condition, which develops when the reflux of stomach contents causes troublesome symptoms and/or complications.' The manifestations of GERD can be divided into esophageal and extraesophageal syndromes, and include vomiting, poor weight gain, dysphagia, abdominal or substernal/retrosternal pain, esophagitis and respiratory disorders. The extraesophageal syndromes have been divided into established and proposed associations: established would include cough, laryngitis, asthma and dental erosion ascribable to reflux, whereas proposed associations would include pharyngitis, sinusitis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and recurrent otitis media. Uninvestigated patients with esophageal symptoms without evidence of esophageal injury would be considered to have asymptomatic esophageal syndromes, whereas those with demonstrable injury are considered to have esophageal syndromes with esophageal injury. Therefore, this allows symptoms to define the disease but permits further characterization if mucosal injury is found. Within the syndromes with associated injury are reflux esophagitis, stricture, Barrett's esophagitis and adenocarcinoma. This review will address definitions of GER and GERD-associated symptoms and treatment options.
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PMID:GERD or not GERD: the fussy infant. 1939 14

Gastroesophageal reflux is a physiological phenomenon but becomes pathological if troublesome symptoms and/or complications occur. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has different phenotypes ranging from non-erosive reflux disease (NERD), through reflux esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus, and can present with either typical symptoms such as regurgitation and heartburn, or extra-esophageal symptoms such as cough and laryngitis. In the diagnosis of GERD endoscopy, empirical PPI test, and pH impedance testing all have their own position. Although proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are very effective in the treatment of esophagitis, a significant proportion of patients have persistent symptoms even during high dosing of PPIs. Therefore, insight into the multifactorial pathophysiology of GERD is needed to develop new anti-reflux therapies. The predominant mechanism underlying reflux is the transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation (TLESR). Hiatal hernia, impaired esophageal clearance and reduced lower esophageal sphincter pressure play a significant role in patients with moderate to severe reflux disease. Refluxate containing acid, pepsin and bile can cause epithelial injury when epithelial barrier of the esophagus fails to defend. In the majority of patients there is histopathological evidence of epithelial injury, even with NERD where there are more dilated intercellular spaces. The perception of heartburn can be enhanced due to visceral hypersensitivity, leading to more and more severe symptoms. Anti-reflux surgery is as effective as PPI therapy, but has higher morbidity and results decline in the long term. Therefore, new pharmacological, endoscopic and surgical interventions are being developed for these patients.
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PMID:Pathophysiology and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. 1982 85


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