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 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pharmacokinetics of cefoxitin, a new injectable semisynthetic-cephamycin, was studied in 12 healthy children and also was studied cerebrospinal fluid levels in 1 patient with bacterial meningitis received 44.5 mg/kg of cefoxitin and thoracic fluid levels in 2 patients were measured. Cefoxitin was administered intravenously to 50 patients with various types of infections an average dose of 130 mg/kg/day for an average of 9 days. The results were as follows: 1. Favorable plasma levels were obtained comparing with those off conventional injectable cephalosporins after 15 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg of cefoxitin for one shot intravenous injection. The half lives of cefoxitin in the plasma were about 15.9 minutes up to 1 hour and 25.5 minutes up to 2 hours after an intravenous administration of cefoxitin at a dose of 15 mg/kg, and while, those were 15.9 minutes and 27.5 minutes after an intravenous administration of cefoxitin at a dose of 25 mg/kg, respectively. 2. Cefoxitin was excreted with high concentration up to 2 hours after the administration and thereafter, urinary concentration of cefoxitin declined rapidly with the lapse of time. The time course urinary concentration reflected those of plasma levels. Approximately 94.7% and 90.6% of dosed cefoxitin were recovered in the urine for 6 hours after the administration at the dose of 15 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg, respectively. 3. The cerebrospinal fluid levels of cefoxitin were only determined in a patient of bacterial meningitis. Therefore, further study should be performed. 4. The thoracic fluid levels with 2 patients were higher than cerebrospinal fluid levels. 5. Among the 50 patients with various infections, cefoxitin was clinically effective in 84% and bacterial response in 87%. 6. As adverse reactions, in total 79 patients included exclusive 29 patients, diarrhea occurred in 1 patient, sweating and cough in 1 patient, rash with fever in 4 patients, vascular pain in 2 patients, and leukopenia was observed in 1 patient, eosinophilia in 1 patient, and increase of GOT and LDH were observed in each 2 patients. The other adverse reactions were not experienced.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical evaluation of cefoxitin in children (author's transl)]. 728 31

There is a broad spectrum of disease encompassed by the various forms of eosinophilic pneumonia. Variations in both clinical course and histologic picture make these conditions difficult to classify. A case is reported of an 18-year-old black female, seven weeks postpartum, who presented with distinctive subcutaneous nodules on her extremities. These progressed to include edema and pruritus of both feet and one arm. She had been taking only oral contraceptives for six weeks. While in the hospital, she developed fevers to 104 F, cough, shortness of breath, and eventual respiratory insufficiency requiring intubation and ventilatory assistance. Chest x-ray films revealed diffus infiltrates. Lung biopsy revealed chronic interstitial organizing pneumonia with vasculitis and marked eosinophilia. She responded dramatically to high dose steroids and recovered. After careful literature review, this case fits best in the category of Carrington chronic eosinophilic pneumonia. It is unusualy in its dermatologic presentation and its fulminant development of respiratory insufficiency.
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PMID:Eosinophilic pneumonia. 735 88

A 75-year-old man developed dyspnea, cough, peripheral radiographic infiltrates, eosinophilia, and severe hypoxemia requiring mechanical ventilation. An open lung biopsy revealed chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, and the patient recovered with corticosteroid therapy. Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia is a disease that should be included in the different diagnosis of treatable causes of acute respiratory failure.
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PMID:Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia: an unusual cause of acute respiratory failure. 741 25

The early onset of the disease (between the 13th and 15th days of life) and its long duration in 2 out of 3 cases, the absence of infectious symptoms and the efficacy of erythromycin treatment were characteristic features. The diagnosis was confirmed by positive (greater than 1/32th) serological tests in both infants and parents. Chlamydia trachomatis lung infection should be suspected in infants presenting, during the first weeks of life, with cough and dyspnoea unaccompanied by fever, radiological evidence of interstitial pneumonia, blood eosinophilia and raised immunoglobulin levels. The disease results from intranatal contamination and might represent, in France as in the U.S.A., an important percentage of respiratory infections occurring during the early months of life.
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PMID:[Interstitial pneumonia due to Chlamydia trachomatis in infants. Three cases (author's transl)]. 745 67

A subacute pneumonic disease in a young infant characterized by insidious onset and protracted course is described. The child was afebrile, tachypneic, with a staccato cough, conjunctivitis, eosinophilia and disseminated crepitations on auscultation. The chest X-ray showed extensive infiltration and hyperexpansion. Immunoglobulin fractions G and M and antibody titers against chlamydia trachomatis were elevated. These findings suggest the existence of chlamydial pneumonitis in small infants in Austria. It will only be possible to estimate the incidence of chlamydial disease when the appropriate microbiologic techniques are available.
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PMID:[Chlamydia trachomatis infant pneumonitis (author's transl)]. 746 35

A 46-year-old man presented with progressive dyspnea of acute onset, nonproductive coughing, and a high fever. He had been in his usual good health until symptoms began on the previous day. The chest roentgenogram revealed Kerley A and B lines, perivascular cuffing, hilar haze, and bilateral pleural effusins. Body temperature was 37 degrees C and PaO2 was 42 Torr. All clinical and radiographic signs improved. On the 12th hospital day, dyspnea and diffuse infiltration shadows on the chest roentgenogram suddenly occurred again. Acute eosinophilic pneumonia was strongly suspected because of increasing peripheral eosinophilia, and from the results of histologic examination of a specimen obtained by transbronchial lung biopsy. Without steroid treatment, the patient's condition gradually improved. Most cases of eosinophilic pneumonia have been diagnosed as pulmonary infiltration with eosinophilia (PIE). However, this patient did not have PIE syndrome, but instead was given a diagnosis of acute eosinophilic pneumonia, which was first described in 1990. This case may help establish criteria for the diagnosis and steroid treatment of acute eosinophilic pneumonia.
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PMID:[Remission and relapse of acute eosinophilic pneumonia]. 747 70

Aspergillus-associated pulmonary diseases are aspergilloma, invasive aspergillosis, and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is caused by a complex of immunologic reactions to the presence of the Aspergillus species colonizing the bronchial trees. The disease is not common in Taiwan. The major diagnostic criteria for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis are 1) bronchial asthma, 2) pulmonary infiltration, 3) peripheral eosinophilia, 4) positive skin test to Aspergillus fumigatus, 5) serum precipitin to Aspergillus fumigatus, 6) elevated serum Ig E, and 7) central bronchiectasis. We report a case who has had a chronic asthmatic-like cough for 5 years. He worked in a silo for two years before he was troubled by the disease. He was admitted to hospitals four times in the past, and received five bronchoscopic examinations and one open lung biopsy without definite diagnosis. Sputum eosinophilia directed our attention to the differentiation of eosinophilic lung diseases. A bronchogram which revealed central brochiectasis helped us to make the diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, despite negative sputum culture for Aspergillus fumigatus and negative serum precipitin to Aspergillus fumigatus.
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PMID:Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: a case report. 767 24

A 24-year-old man infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) developed cough and progressive dyspnea over a period of 4 weeks. Absolute blood eosinophil count was 3360/mm3. Chest X-ray revealed alveolointerstitial infiltrates in both lower lobes. Eosinophilia was also found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The clinical picture improved dramatically with steroids. Other causes of acute eosinophilic pneumonia were excluded.
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PMID:Acute eosinophilic pneumonia in a patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. 771 52

A 71-year-old woman with psoriasis-associated rheumatoid arthritis had for 15 months been treated with methotrexate (5 mg/week orally). Four weeks before admission she had developed dyspnoea and cough. On admission her axillary temperature was 38.2 degrees C, the white cell count was normal. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (50/90 mm), lactate dehydrogenase activity (449 U/l) and the creatinine level (1.33 mg/dl) were all elevated. Blood gas analysis revealed partial respiratory impairment (pO2 52 mm Hg), and the chest X-ray demonstrated bilateral interstitial-alveolar changes. Despite antibiotics the temperature continued to rise, and on the 11th day a blood eosinophilia of 4% was noted. The bronchial mucosa was normal on bronchoscopy, and transbronchial biopsy showed only minor interstitial fibrosis, occasional macrophages and lymphocytes. Cultures of the lavage-fluid were negative. As methotrexate pneumonitis was suspected the drug was discontinued and prednisolone administered (50 mg daily for 3 days, gradually reducing over 7 days). The symptoms quickly improved, and blood gas analysis and the X-rays became normal. The patient was discharged symptom-free after 30 days.
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PMID:[Severe pneumonitis as a complication of low-dose methotrexate therapy in psoriasis-associated polyarthritis]. 773 58

In a prospective study conducted in four villages of North Arcot Ambedkar district of Tamil Nadu in south India over a 5 yr period from 1981-86, 279 patients were detected to have pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Thirty one of them were found to have associated hypereosinophilia (HE) with total blood eosinophil level of > or = 2000 per cumm; besides cough with expectoration they also complained of dyspnoea and wheeze. Twelve of the 18 patients with intestinal parasites had remission with deworming agents alone. The other 6 non responsive patients like the 13 who did not have parasitic infestation, needed treatment with diethylcarbamazine for eosinopenic remission and thus could be classified as patients of tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (TPE). The association of hypereosinopilic state as a whole as well as TPE with tuberculosis as compared to that prevalent in the general population was found to be highly significant (P < 0.001). The frequent association of TPE with tuberculosis as observed by us suggests the possibility of an early hypersensitivity reaction to mycobacterial antigens triggering a florid TPE state in susceptible patients from an area endemic for filariasis. A similar mechanism may also operate in cases of pulmonary eosinophilia induced by other helminths in areas where they are endemic.
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PMID:Hypereosinophilia in association with pulmonary tuberculosis in a rural population in south India. 782 54


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