Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Among 200,000 infants screened for alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) deficiency, 125 Pi Z, 48 Pi Z, 1Pi S-, and 2 Pi Z- children were followed up prospectively. Eleven percent of the Pi Z infants had neonatal cholestasis, and at 2 years of age three of them had cirrhosis. About 50% of the asymptomatic Pi Z and Pi Z- subjects occasionally had serum alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) levels above normal, and in 15% of them the levels were probably permanently increased during the first two years of life. Two previously healthy Pi Z children had transient symptoms of liver disease at age 2 years in connection with severe infections. The Pi SZ children had no significant clinical liver disease and only two had abnormal serum ALAT levels. Among Pi Z children up to 2 years of age the following diseases were also encountered: eight had recurrent bronchitis with wheezing, two had persistant cough (both had cirrhosis), one had severe pneumonia, one was mentally retarded, three had urinary tract infections, six had pronounced eczema, one had allergic shock, and three had congenital malformations. Among the Pi SZ children one had recurrent bronchitis, one had eczema, and one had juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Three children, two Pi Z and one Pi SZ, have died. The Pi Z- and Pi S- subjects were healthy. In conclusion a variety of significant symptoms were observed in about 30% of the Pi Z children compared with 6% of the Pi SZ children during the first two years of life.
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PMID:alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency in early childhood. 30 15

Respiratory symptoms and personal history of allergy were examined in 1659 children, including the entire elementary school population of four villages of the Belgian Ardennes. Levels of atmospheric pollution were monitored during the survey and proved to be very low. It is suggested that socio-economic factors produce a small increase in respiratory symptoms, particularly in cough symptoms. A personal history of eczema and of hay fever was highly associated with dyspnea and wheezing.
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PMID:The relationship between host factors of allergic nature and respiratory symptoms. 60 23

A 46-year-old male chromium plating worker visited our hospital due to rhinorrhea, sneezing and cough with blood-tinged sputum for more than 10 years. He also had skin ulceration and chronic dermatitis on both hands Medical therapy was inefficient. Physical examinations revealed nasal septum perforation, severe inflammation of the nasopharynx cavity, and eczema of both hands. Laboratory investigations showed significant tubule proteinuria, enzymuria, hypercalciuria, etc. It is evident that renal tube damage was present in this patient. The blood chromium level was 25 ng/mL, and the 24-hour urine chromium excretion level was 2.8 mg/day. A pulmonary function test showed reduced functional residual capacity (FRC), which may be due to either long-term smoking or chromate acid exposure. To our knowledge this is the first case of renal tubal damage induced by chronic chromate intoxication Taiwan. Further evaluation of the occupational safety and health of chromium plating workers is needed on this island.
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PMID:[Chronic chromate intoxication with renal tubular damage--report of a case]. 135 17

In a national study of almost 7000 primary school children, parents' perceptions were used to test the hypothesis that the child's irritability was associated with food intolerance independently of other symptoms. After adjustment in a multiple regression analysis for asthma or wheeze, cough, eczema, hives, diarrhoea and vomiting, rhinitis, hay fever and headache, and the social factors of father's social class, maternal education and maternal age, a highly significant association between perception of food intolerance and irritability (P less than 0.001) remained. Though we cannot rule out that irritable children's parents could be biased towards diagnosing food intolerance the possibility that some children do have behavioural disturbance associated with reactions to food needs to be explored further, preferably with a double blind challenge assessment.
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PMID:Associations of excessive irritability with common illnesses and food intolerance. 236 72

The background and aetiology of chronic cough were investigated by comparing 60 children under 6 years with simple cough, 60 children with asthma, and 60 controls. Both cough and asthma were more common in boys and associated with a history of eczema, chest deformity, and skin reactivity to inhaled allergens, but these findings were more prevalent in asthma than cough. House dust mite sensitivity was found in 34 (57%) children with cough, 45 (75%) with asthma, and six (10%) controls. Tests of immunological function showed some high concentrations of IgM in groups with both cough and asthma, but high IgE concentrations, eosinophilia, and lymphocytosis were significant only in asthma. IgG1 and IgG2 concentrations were raised in some children with cough or asthma, but the only low subclass concentrations were of IgG3 observed in the group with cough. Children with simple cough represented a heterogeneous population but many showed evidence of atopy. Major defects of immunity were not observed.
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PMID:Chronic cough in a hospital population; its relationship to atopy and defects in host defence. 260 19

We assessed the relationships of clinical symptoms and serum antibody levels during follow-up of 47 patients, aged 3 to 66 months, who were shown by formal milk challenge to have cow milk allergy. Three groups of patients were identified. Group 1 patients (n = 15) were sensitized to IgE and responded rapidly to small volumes of milk with urticaria, an exacerbation of eczema, wheeze, or vomiting. In the second group (n = 24), symptoms of milk enteropathy (vomiting and diarrhea) developed between 1 and 20 hours after milk ingestion. In the group 3 patients (n = 8), coughing, diarrhea, eczematoid rashes, or a combination of these developed more than 20 hours after normal volumes of milk were given. Serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgE and of milk-specific anti-cow milk antibodies of these isotypes were measured initially and then at a median follow-up time of 16 months (range 6 to 39 months). In this investigation, changes in these immunologic measures during the study period were related to whether or not clinical tolerance to cow milk was achieved. At follow-up, six patients from group 1, ten from group 2, and two from group 3 were milk tolerant. No consistent change in any of the immunologic measurements was associated with remission of the disease. These findings raise the question of whether acquisition of clinical tolerance to cow milk in cow milk allergy can be attributed solely to immunologic events.
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PMID:Recovery from milk allergy in early childhood: antibody studies. 271 89

Bronchial hyperreactivity was studied in 79 patients who gave a history of allergic symptoms. Twenty-nine of them suffered from rhinitis, 28 from eczema, 21 from urticaria and one from gastrointestinal allergy. Forced expiration in the first second (FEV1) was measured in each. If FEV1 was greater than 1 l a histamine challenge was done. Histamine (0.6 mg/ml) was inhaled by tidal breathing for one minute. FEV1 was measured before the inhalation and two min after cessation of the inhalation. If FEV1 dropped greater than 20% the inhalation was assessed as positive and the provocation was stopped. If the challenge was not positive another inhalation with histamine (2.4 mg/ml, l min) was done. If FEV1 dropped greater than 20% when measured two min after the inhalation the provocation was called positive. Twenty-two patients with rhinitis had a negative bronchial challenge, six had a positive. One of them had asthma, three suffered also from cough and/or serous sputum production, and two had hay fever. Out of 28 with eczema, 20 had negative histamine challenge and five a positive. Four of these suffered from daily cough and/or serous sputum production, one had no airway symptoms. Fifteen out of 21 suffering from urticaria had a negative histamine challenge, three had a positive. Two of them suffered from asthma and one complained of daily cough and/or serous sputum production. It is concluded that allergic subjects without symptoms from the airways, have a bronchial reactivity to inhaled histamine similar to the general population.
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PMID:Bronchial hyperreactivity in allergic subjects. 346 10

We have studied 50 children with one parent with asthma at a mean age of 6.4 years by symptom questionnaire and performed allergy skin testing and measurement of bronchial responsiveness to methacholine in both parent and child in 29-32 cases. Ninety eight per cent of the parents were receiving medication for asthma. Fifty one per cent had visited their doctor and 20% had taken more than five days off work in the previous 12 months; 12% had been admitted to hospital during the preceding 10 years. In the children the prevalences of wheeze, shortness of breath, and cough were all about double that found in a general population survey of children of similar age. Atopy was present in 90% of parents, but the prevalence of atopy among the children was not significantly different from the children in the general population. Eczema and hay fever, however, had high prevalences of 40% and 24%, respectively. Responsiveness to methacholine (provocation dose achieving 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second less than 6.4 mumol) was found in 93% of parents and 45% of children, which is compatible with a large increase compared with the general population. All atopic but only 50% of non-atopic children with symptoms of asthma responded to methacholine. These findings indicate that children who have one parent with asthma have roughly double the chance of developing clinical features of asthma compared with the general population and suggests that, in these children, a causal interaction occurs between atopy and bronchial hyper-responsiveness.
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PMID:Symptoms, atopy, and bronchial response to methacholine in parents with asthma and their children. 354

In a working population of 912 men, aged 22 to 54 years, 8.3% reported a history of childhood respiratory illness before 16 years of age. Those reporting a history of bronchitis or pneumonia (BP) before 2 years of age had significantly lower FEV1 values than those who did not report such a history, whereas those reporting BP at a later age, or primary tuberculosis, did not have lower values. The observed association was unlikely to be due to preferential recall bias, since BP before 2 years of age was not associated with a higher reported prevalence of current respiratory symptoms of cough, phlegm, or dyspnea, and the observed association remained after exclusion of those with a history of wheezing or asthma. Furthermore, the relation remained significant after taking into account parental smoking, Pi phenotype and a history of eczema in childhood. These results suggest that BP before 2 years of age, a period of rapid alveolar multiplication, may be related to the occurrence of adult chronic air-flow limitation.
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PMID:Relationships between functional measurements and childhood respiratory diseases according to the age of onset. 381 75

The 1961 birth cohort of Tasmanians (n = 8410) was initially surveyed in 1968 and was followed up in 1974 for the history and presence of respiratory symptoms and signs. The study was designed to describe and compare the natural histories of wheeze and productive cough. In 1981 a 10% stratified random sample of the original cohort was again followed up and this sample's responses were compared across the three surveys. Wheezing was found to be more persistent than productive cough. Wheezers were twice as likely as coughers to persist with their symptoms to the age of 20. These persistent wheezers represented 3.6% of the cohort available for follow-up in 1974 (n = 7132). Wheezing was also invariably associated with decreased spirometric performance, particularly FEV at 0.5 s and FEF 25-75. The new wheezers first detected in 1974 had had significantly decreased spirometry measurements in 1968 compared to those of their coughing or symptom-free peers. An early history of cough was associated with triple the incidence of wheeze in previously asymptomatic children. Hayfever and eczema were associated with persistence of wheeze. A child with either of these diagnoses was four times as likely to persist in wheezing to the age of twenty than a wheezer without atopic complaint. No significant associations could be demonstrated between wheezing and smoking.
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PMID:Respiratory symptoms in Tasmanian adolescents: a follow up of the 1961 birth cohort. 659 10


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