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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hydrogen peroxide is an oxidising agent that is used in a number of household products, including general-purpose disinfectants, chlorine-free bleaches, fabric stain removers, contact lens disinfectants and hair dyes, and it is a component of some tooth whitening products. In industry, the principal use of hydrogen peroxide is as a bleaching agent in the manufacture of paper and pulp. Hydrogen peroxide has been employed medicinally for wound irrigation and for the sterilisation of ophthalmic and endoscopic instruments. Hydrogen peroxide causes toxicity via three main mechanisms: corrosive damage, oxygen gas formation and lipid peroxidation. Concentrated hydrogen peroxide is caustic and exposure may result in local tissue damage. Ingestion of concentrated (>35%) hydrogen peroxide can also result in the generation of substantial volumes of oxygen. Where the amount of oxygen evolved exceeds its maximum solubility in blood, venous or arterial gas embolism may occur. The mechanism of CNS damage is thought to be arterial gas embolisation with subsequent brain infarction. Rapid generation of oxygen in closed body cavities can also cause mechanical distension and there is potential for the rupture of the hollow viscus secondary to oxygen liberation. In addition, intravascular foaming following absorption can seriously impede right ventricular output and produce complete loss of cardiac output. Hydrogen peroxide can also exert a direct cytotoxic effect via lipid peroxidation. Ingestion of hydrogen peroxide may cause irritation of the gastrointestinal tract with nausea, vomiting, haematemesis and foaming at the mouth; the foam may obstruct the respiratory tract or result in pulmonary aspiration. Painful gastric distension and belching may be caused by the liberation of large volumes of oxygen in the stomach. Blistering of the mucosae and oropharyngeal burns are common following ingestion of concentrated solutions, and laryngospasm and haemorrhagic gastritis have been reported. Sinus tachycardia, lethargy, confusion, coma, convulsions, stridor, sub-epiglottic narrowing, apnoea, cyanosis and cardiorespiratory arrest may ensue within minutes of ingestion. Oxygen gas embolism may produce multiple cerebral infarctions. Although most inhalational exposures cause little more than coughing and transient dyspnoea, inhalation of highly concentrated solutions of hydrogen peroxide can cause severe irritation and inflammation of mucous membranes, with coughing and dyspnoea. Shock, coma and convulsions may ensue and pulmonary oedema may occur up to 24-72 hours post exposure. Severe toxicity has resulted from the use of hydrogen peroxide solutions to irrigate wounds within closed body cavities or under pressure as oxygen gas embolism has resulted. Inflammation, blistering and severe skin damage may follow dermal contact. Ocular exposure to 3% solutions may cause immediate stinging, irritation, lacrimation and blurred vision, but severe injury is unlikely. Exposure to more concentrated hydrogen peroxide solutions (>10%) may result in ulceration or perforation of the cornea. Gut decontamination is not indicated following ingestion, due to the rapid decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by catalase to oxygen and water. If gastric distension is painful, a gastric tube should be passed to release gas. Early aggressive airway management is critical in patients who have ingested concentrated hydrogen peroxide, as respiratory failure and arrest appear to be the proximate cause of death. Endoscopy should be considered if there is persistent vomiting, haematemesis, significant oral burns, severe abdominal pain, dysphagia or stridor. Corticosteroids in high dosage have been recommended if laryngeal and pulmonary oedema supervene, but their value is unproven. Endotracheal intubation, or rarely, tracheostomy may be required for life-threatening laryngeal oedema. Contaminated skin should be washed with copious amounts of water. Skin lesions should be treated as thermal burns; surgery may be required for deep burns. In the case of eye exposure, the affected eye(s) shod eye(s) should be irrigated immediately and thoroughly with water or 0.9% saline for at least 10-15 minutes. Instillation of a local anaesthetic may reduce discomfort and assist more thorough decontamination.
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PMID:Hydrogen peroxide poisoning. 1529 93

Sixty-seven patients with bronchial asthma treated with the bronchodilator insanovin for 4 weeks were followed up. The efficiency of aerosol therapy with insanovin as the basic agent was determined by the time course of changes in the clinical manifestations of the disease, in external respiratory functional and immunological parameters. In patients with first-degree bronchial obstruction, 2 weeks of aerosol therapy were sufficient to normalize the clinical manifestations of the diseases and external respiratory functional and immunological parameters. In patients with second-degree bronchial obstruction, 4-week aerosol therapy produced an ever-increasing therapeutic effect, which affected external respiratory functional and immunological parameters. In patients with third-degree bronchial obstruction, aerosol therapy could cease fits of suffocation, retain insignificant dyspnea, diminish cough, and normalize nocturnal sleep with moderate external respiratory functional and immunological changes.
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PMID:[Insanovin aerosol therapy in the treatment of bronchial asthma]. 1537 38

The analysis of clinical neurological symptoms on the basis of available letters and other documents confirms beyond a doubt the long standing diagnosis of neurosyphilis in the form of chronic meningitis with cranial polyneuritis and wide spread polyradiculitis, formerly called Lues cerebro-spinalis. The symptoms which recurred over 25 years include multiple severe paralysis of cranial nerves, dramatic radicular neuralgias and radicular paralysis in addition to a partial transverse lesion of the spinal cord and terminal coughing and regurgation fits in the absence of symptoms in the cerebrum and brain stem, these symptoms hardly permit different diagnosis. Tuberculosis, lead poisoning, multiple sclerosis or even a myatrophic lateral sclerosis do not explain his neurological symptoms or the cause of his death.
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PMID:[The suffering of Heinrich Heine]. 1566 22

The mortality from pneumonia is reduced when children with pneumonia requiring antibiotics are identified and the severity of the pneumonia assessed. Children presenting with a cough or difficult breathing have pneumonia if fast breathing is present. The severity of pneumonia is classified by the presence of chest wall indrawing, inability to drink or feed well, decreased level of consciousness or convulsions, amongst others. Using these easily observed signs, pneumonia can be classified into four grades of severity: no pneumonia (cough or cold), pneumonia, severe pneumonia and very severe pneumonia. The classification into one of these four grades of severity is extremely useful as it identifies which children require antibiotics, which antibiotics and who requires hospitalisation and supplementary oxygen. This simple case management of pneumonia can be successfully taught to any cadre of health care worker, and where implemented has been shown to reduce childhood mortality from pneumonia.
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PMID:Management of pneumonia in the child 2 to 59 months of age. 1615 87

The intercostal hernia of the lung is a very rare extraordinary disease that requires operation because of the complaints and potential complications. The authors review cases of their operations and analyze the subsequence and treatment. Three patients have been treated for intercostal lung hernia in our treatment. The causes of this disease were a previous thoracotomy in one case and fits of coughing in the other two cases. The diagnosis was set up on the grounds of the specific clinical symptoms, thoracic X-ray and CT scan. The hernia was dissolved with percostal stitches and with the suture of the thoracic musculature in two cases. Plastic operation of the thoracic wall by implanting a polypropylene surgical mesh (Prolen, Ethicon, Johnson & Johnson) was performed in the case of the third patient and later in the first two patients due to recrudescence. In one case the authors were constrained to resect the dystelectasial lung in the hernial sac. The three patients had been operated five times. Relapse of hernia was detected in two patients, in whom the intercostal space had been reconstructed with percostal stitches. We did not detect any relapsing in those two patients at 33 and 66 months after the second operation with mesh implantation. The third patient who got mesh implant immediately did not relapse 12 months after the operation. Intercostal lung hernia is an indication of operation. A plastic operation of the thoracic wall combined with the implantation of a surgical mesh is recommended to close the hernial orifice, which is suitable for treating both primary and relapsed hernias. Recurrence is rare in those patients treated with this method.
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PMID:Surgical treatment of intercostal hernia with implantation of polypropylene mesh. 1673 4

An eight month old male infant with protein energy malnutrition was admitted in the hospital with the history of repeated attacks of convulsion since four months of age. He was also suffering from frequent attacks of cough and cold since 6 months of age which was marked prior to admission. The infant had fair complexion, sparse fuzzy wooly hair with marked trunkal hypotonia. He had also mental retardation. Serum copper and ceruloplasmin levels were low, MRI showed prominent extraaxial spaces with gliosis, MR angiography revealed tortuosity of cerebral vessels. Microscopic examination of hair revealed pili torti. The patient was diagnosed as Menkes disease and treated symptomatically. For lack of facilities we were not able to do genetic study.
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PMID:Menkes kinky hair disease: A case report. 1880 Nov 84

Whooping cough (pertussis) is a contagious disease caused by Bordetella pertussis that can be prevented by vaccination. The disease is particularly severe in infants who are less than 3 months old, who are not protected against the disease and are often contaminated by their parents. Atypical presentations are frequent and neonatal pertussis is rare. We report a case of malignant whooping cough in a newborn infant probably contaminated by her mother. Diagnosis was suspected clinically because of persistent coughing fits and was confirmed by serology. Treatment was successful. We discuss the diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive issues of whooping cough in developing countries. In Africa, where complementary investigations such as PCR are seldom accessible, a careful clinical study and the analysis of the absolute rate of lymphocytes could be an alternative for the diagnosis of whooping cough. Vaccination of teenagers and adults is also problematic in poor countries. High-performance new vaccine candidates may contribute to a better control of whooping cough.
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PMID:[Neonatal pertussis in Africa: a case report]. 1942 6

We report the case of a 61-year-old man who presented with coughing fits followed by sinus pauses and syncope. Cardiac and neurological diagnostic work-up was negative and the patient was considered to have cough syncope. As this occurred within the context of febrile pneumonia, an infectious disease was suspected but diagnostic work-up only revealed an increase of antibodies against Chlamydia pneumoniae. The responsibility of this agent is discussed. Clinical recovery was obtained with the prescription of antitussive medication.
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PMID:[Cough syncope caused by a possible Chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia]. 1958 90

The University Hospital Center is the only hospital in Brazzaville, Congo with a pediatric emergency room. The purpose of this prospective study carried out from January 1 to December 31, 2006 was to evaluate nighttime emergency room attendance by comparing children (excluding newborns) admitted between 7 p.m. and 7 a.m. (group 1) to those admitted between 8 a.m. and 2 p.m. (group 2). A total of 5796 emergency room admissions were recorded including 2648 children (45.7%) between 7 p.m. and 7 a.m. and 2209 (38.1%) between 8 a.m. and 2 p.m. The delay for admission was comparable for the two groups. The death rate at the time of admission was significantly higher in group 1 than group 2: 84.6 % vs. 15.4 % (p<0.01). The main reasons for seeking emergency room care in group 1 were fever (84.6%), digestive problems (44.2%), cough (35.7%), and convulsions (13.9%). The rate of hospitalization was the same in the two groups: 56.7% in group 1 versus 52.8% in group 2. The most common reasons for hospitalization were acute gastroenteritis (24.7%), bronchopulmonary infection (18.9%), malaria (17.3%), severe septicemia (9.3%) and ORL infection (8.1%). Risk factors for hospitalization included age under 2 years, arrival before midnight, and malnutrition. The death rate within 24 hours after hospitalization was 23% in group 1 and 11.5% in group 2 (p<10-4). The death rate was higher in children admitted before midnight. Nighttime attendance as well as hospitalization and death rates remain high at the pediatric emergency room of the University Hospital Center in Brazzaville. The most frequent reason for attendance was fever. Improving outcomes will require providing better information to parents (reducing admission delay) and upgrading hospital resources in terms of patient assessment and medical intervention (health care personnel and facilities).
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PMID:[Nighttime attendance at the Pediatric Emergency Room of the University Hospital Centre in Brazzaville, Congo]. 1970 53

A 52-year-old Japanese man was admitted to our hospital for evaluation of syncope and convulsions. An electrocardiogram on admission revealed normal sinus rhythm. However, after repeated bouts of coughing, the heart rate showed bradycardia associated with convulsion. He was diagnosed with cough syncope secondary to laryngopharyngitis, which was caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Once the patient was administrated lansoprazole (Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Osaka, Japan) for GERD, the syncope disappeared. The causes of syncope are diverse and may manifest in disorders of different organ systems in the body. Therefore, clinicians should perform a careful whole body examination to obtain the correct diagnosis.
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PMID:Cough syncope induced by gastroesophageal reflux disease. 1978 69


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