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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of spontaneous rupture of the bladder was observed in a 53-year-old woman. Physical evaluation and diagnostic investigations showed the following findings: initial urinary retention presumed to be psychogenic as the patient had a confusional state and was free of anatomic or neurologic complications; low bladder compliance observed upon urodynamic investigation on the 21st postoperative day and one year later; repeated coughing fits due to chronic bronchitis at the time of the accident. Rupture of the bladder requires the coexistence of an obstacle to urinary outflow and decreased parietal resistance to distension upon filling. According to the Laplace rule, the tension of the bladder wall (T) needed to resist distension is T = KPR, where P is the endovesical pressure and R the bladder sphere radius. Low bladder compliance therefore induces a disproportionate increase in intravesical pressure during filling and may be a significant etiologic parietal factor in the occurrence of spontaneous rupture of the bladder.
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PMID:[Can diminished bladder compliance favor spontaneous bladder rupture?]. 372 6

Four hundred and sixty admissions for whooping cough to three hospitals between 1974-9 were reviewed. Many children had a long illness. More than half of them had severe or moderately severe coughing spasms and a quarter had pronounced feeding difficulties. The incidence of clinical pneumonia and convulsions was low and there were no deaths. The disease continues to be much more severe in infancy. There was some evidence that the disease declined in severity over the period studied. A number of factors including increased use of erythromycin may have contributed to this change.
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PMID:The severity of whooping cough in hospitalised children--is it declining? 398 82

Five patients with suspected paradoxical embolism were investigated for patent foramen ovale by contrast echocardiography. Right-to-left shunting was demonstrated in 3 patients: during a Valsalva manoeuvre in one and during coughing fits in all three. Patency of the foramen ovale was confirmed by cardiac catheterization in these 3 patients. In 2 patients the foramen was not patent and the diagnosis of paradoxical embolism was not confirmed. In two other patients, the right and left atrial pressures were measured simultaneously during a Valsalva manoeuvre and during coughing. The normal pressure gradient between the two atria was suppressed during the relaxation stage, resulting in decreased curvature of the interatrial septum which facilitated the flow of blood from the inferior vena cava into the left atrium. Coughing appears to be a simpler and more sensitive test than the Valsalva manoeuvre to induce transient right-to-left atrial shunting.
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PMID:[Patency of the foramen ovale in paradoxical embolism. Detection by contrast echocardiography and the cough provocation test]. 622 90

Opiates are known for their stereospecificity. The following studies show that l-codeine was active in the mouse tail-flick test as well as in the hot plate test whether given p.o. or s.c. The ED50 in the first test was 4.09 mg/kg s.c. (2.01-8.34 mg/ kg) and 13.41 mg/kg p.o. (6.91-26.0 mg/kg). In the second antinociceptive test, the ED50 was 20.66 mg/kg s.c. (11.52-37.08 mg/kg) and 20.47 mg/kg p.o. (14.63-28.57 mg/kg). The d-isomer of codeine was inactive ina both tests up to 100 mg/kg but caused hyperexcitability, convulsions and ultimately death. Although l-codeine was more potent than d-codeine inhibiting the cough reflex in the anesthetized cat, the d-compound did have good activity. The ED50 of the l-isomer was 0.27 mg/kgi.v. (0.14-0.47 mg/kg) and that of the d-isomer was 1.61 mg/kg i.v. (0.98-2.65 mg/kg). In these animals, l-codeine did not significantly affect the cardiovascular parameters at the doses tested, whereas d-codeine caused a significant but transient decrease in the blood pressure and heart rate. The specific and nonspecific properties of d- and l-codeine were further delineated in the opiate receptor binding assay. l-Codeine inhibited the stereospecific binding of 2.2 x 10(-9) M [3H]dihydromorphine in mouse brain homogenate with the IC50 being 1.6 x 10(-5) M (1.2 x 10(-5)--2.0 x 10(-5) M). d-Codeine had no effect up to 10(-4) M.
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PMID:Comparative studies of the pharmacological effects of the d- and l-isomers of codeine. 625 35

Foreign body in the tracheobronchial tree is a relatively infrequent, but, potentially fatal event, requiring rapid and expert intervention. The symptoms and signs may be mistaken for asthma and pneumonia, - or, as in the case described, with grand mal epileptiform seizures. This emphasises the need to take a thorough case history, and to have a high index of suspicion in a case presenting with convulsion associated with cough, wheezing or respiratory distress.
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PMID:Pulmonary aspiration presenting with generalised convulsions. 641 86

An operated case of cerebral paragonimiasis miyazakii was reported. A 25-year-old man was admitted to our hospital on Jan. 25, 1982, because of weakness, sensory disorder and focal convulsion of the right upper limb. He complained of slight headache but had no sign of meningeal irritation nor inflammation. CT scan revealed a left parietal low density mass with irregular ring-like contrast enhancement. Left carotid angiogram showed stretched arteries around the mass. Laboratory findings were normal except for eosinophilie (17%). Chest X-P was normal. Operation was performed under diagnosis of glioblastoma on Aug. 6, 1982. The tumor was well-circumscribed and had a firm capsule which containing necrotic substance. The tumor was removed totally and the bone flap was also removed since slight brain swelling was seen. Histologically it proved to be a granuloma and four eggs of helminth were found in the necrotic tissue. Post operative state of the patient was satisfactory and cranioplasty was performed 3 weeks later. On Aug. 31, he began to complain of chest pain, cough and hemosputum, and chest X-P disclosed a nodular shadow in the lower lobe of the right lung. Paragonimiasis was strongly suspected because he had a history of having three fresh-water crabs (Potamon dehaani) 18 months before. But not egg was found in either sputum nor stool. Skin test with paragonimus westermani antigen was highly positive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Surgical treatment of cerebral paragonimiasis miyazakii]. 648 96

After inhaling a leather-impregnation spray in a confined space, coughing fits and dyspnoea occurred in a 40-year-old man and an 20-year-old woman, previously in good health. The cardinal symptoms on admission to an emergency ward were of interstitial pulmonary oedema in the X-ray but without increased pulmonary arterial pressure. Administration of corticosteroids both by aerosol and intravenously improved the acute symptoms within a few hours. Two subsequent chest X-rays demonstrated complete healing. The acute symptoms were caused by the impregnation spray producing an alveolitis or toxic lung oedema in both cases. The early topical administration of corticosteroids would appear to be the most important preventive and protective measure.
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PMID:[Pulmonary effect of inhaling leather-impregnation sprays (author's transl)]. 707 85

There is a broad spectrum of disease encompassed by the various forms of eosinophilic pneumonia. Variations in both clinical course and histologic picture make these conditions difficult to classify. A case is reported of an 18-year-old black female, seven weeks postpartum, who presented with distinctive subcutaneous nodules on her extremities. These progressed to include edema and pruritus of both feet and one arm. She had been taking only oral contraceptives for six weeks. While in the hospital, she developed fevers to 104 F, cough, shortness of breath, and eventual respiratory insufficiency requiring intubation and ventilatory assistance. Chest x-ray films revealed diffus infiltrates. Lung biopsy revealed chronic interstitial organizing pneumonia with vasculitis and marked eosinophilia. She responded dramatically to high dose steroids and recovered. After careful literature review, this case fits best in the category of Carrington chronic eosinophilic pneumonia. It is unusualy in its dermatologic presentation and its fulminant development of respiratory insufficiency.
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PMID:Eosinophilic pneumonia. 735 88

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was analysed to determine a lumbar puncture (LP) yield for meningitis in 95 children who presented with their first febrile convulsions between July 1993 and June 1994. There were 52 males and 43 females aged six months to six years with a mean age of 21.9 +/- 13.0 months at presentation. 87(91.6%) had simple febrile convulsions (SFC) while the remaining 8(8.4%) had complex febrile convulsions (CFC). The majority of the subjects presented with a sudden onset of convulsions that were preceded by a day or two history of fever, coryza, cough and respiratory distress while others had their convulsions preceded by fever and passage of bloody stools. The LP yield for meningitis in this series was 6.3%. The CSF analysis revealed six cases of meningitis comprising an eight month old infant with Haemophilus influenzae type B (HIB) meningitis, two partially treated pyogenic meningitis and three aseptic meningitis. All of them had presented with febrile convulsions without signs of meningeal irritation. Excluding aseptic meningitis from this series, a 3.1% LP yield for pyogenic meningitis is significant enough to recommend continued performance of LP in children with first febrile convulsions, especially if under the age of eighteen months.
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PMID:Analysis of the results of routine lumbar puncture after a first febrile convulsion in Hofuf, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia. 749 8

To determine whether inexperienced health workers can recognize severe infection in infants less than 3 months of age, a study was conducted of 200 infants with cough, fever or 'not feeling well'. The presence or absence of five symptoms: cough, difficulty in breathing, feeding problem, fever or history of convulsions, and ten signs: appearing ill, respiratory rate > or = 60/min, chest indrawing, grunting, cyanosis, wheeze, lethargy, 'too hot', 'too cold' or abdominal distension, were recorded by a health worker, who made a diagnosis of 'ill' or 'mildly ill'. Each infant was then reviewed by an experienced paediatrician who made a diagnosis of 'ill' (pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis or other severe illness) or 'mildly ill'. Using these diagnoses as the 'gold standard', the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values of each parameter were calculated. In 89% of the 200 infants, the health worker made the correct diagnosis. Forty infants were admitted. In 36 instances (90%) the health worker made the correct decision. The most discriminating symptoms and signs were 'not feeding well', 'appears ill', chest indrawing and grunting. A respiratory rate > or = 60/min was 78% sensitive and 69% specific. Our study suggests that inexperienced health workers can recognize severe illness in infants under 3 months of age.
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PMID:Recognition of illness in very young infants by inexperienced health workers. 750 92


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