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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Calculations based on the mortality of whooping-cough before 1957 predict accurately the subsequent decline and the present low mortality. Notifications of incidence, though variable and incomplete, follow the same pattern of steady decline in the United Kingdom and are unaffected either by small-scale vaccination beginning about 1948 or by nationwide vaccination beginning in 1957. When valid comparisons can be made, attack-rates may be lower and complications fewer in vaccinated children, but allowance has to be made for overcrowding and socio-economic differences which may be more important as determinants of attack-rates. No protection by vaccination is demonstrable in infants. Adverse reactions and neurotoxicity following vaccinations were studied in 160 cases. In 79, the relationship to pertussis vaccine was strong. In 14 of these cases, reaction was transient but characteristic of a syndrome of shock and cerebral disturbance, which, in the other 65 cases, was followed by convulsions, hyperkinesis, and severe mental defect. It seems likely that most adverse reactions are unreported and that many are overlooked. Precise information about the efficacy and safety of this vaccine is lacking, because existing provisions, national and international, for epidemiological surveillance and evaluation are inadequate. The claim by official bodies that the risks of whooping-cough exceed those of vaccination is questionable, at least in the U.K.
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PMID:Vaccination against whooping-cough. Efficacy versus risks. 6 61

A retrospective study to investigate infant mortality was conducted in one of the poorest rural areas in Mali. The study was conducted through questionnaires, and was made among 811 women in 11 different villages. 3204 live births were recorded; 615 newborns, however, died before 1 year of life, i.e. an infant mortality rate of almost 250/1000. Main causes of mortality were obstetrical factors, tetanus, malaria, several types of pneumopathies, toxicoses, and nutrition disorders. Symptoms were the same in all villages, convulsions, cough, fever, and diarrhea. Action to improve the socioeconomic development of the area, set up a working national health structure, and a program of control of communicable diseases should be the first concern of local leaders and of national authorities.
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PMID:[An example of the application of factorial analysis of correspondences to infant mortality and its prevention in a rural area of West Africa]. 46 54

The clinical aspects of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in 103 children under 12 years admitted to hospital over an eight-year period were reviewed retrospectively. Respiratory illnesses occurred in 87 (85%) cases. The prevalence of lower respiratory tract involvement was similar in both pre-school and school children. Cough was the commonest symptom at all ages. Coryzal symptoms and wheeze were common in pre-school children. Most infants had signs of pharyngitis or otitis media. Non-specific symptoms--fever, lethargy, malaise, anorexia and vomiting--were common accompaniments in children older than one year of age. Non-respiratory illnesses in 16 (15%) patients included gastroenteritis, convulsions, non-specific skin rashes and limb pains. The duration of stay in hospital ranged from two to 30 days (median five days) with apparent clinical recovery and resolution of chest X-ray abnormalities within three months in 78 (76%) patients seen for review.
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PMID:Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. A retrospective review of 103 hospitalised children. 53 6

In 196 cases of gastro-oesophageal reflux, simple or connected to a hiatal hernia or to a cardio-tuberous misplacement, the respiratory signs that are found in 1 patient out of 4, are analyzed. The nocturnal fits of coughing (39 cases, 20% of the reflux) is the most frequent sign of laryngo-tracheal aspiration of stomach content. This symptom of great diagnostic value, though neglected, should be looked for systematically. Other troubles are less frequent: bouts of recurring broncho-pulmonary infections, asthma attack, Mendelson's syndrome, pulmonary fibrosis. In absence of a patent cause, the symptoms should lead to suspect a reflux of stomach content in the airways. Similarly to oesophagitis, respiratory signs represent a complication sometimes serious, of gastro-oesophageal reflux, needing more frequently a surgical treatment of hiatal herniae or of the cardiac inefficiency.
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PMID:[Broncho-pulmonary manifestations and gastroesophageal reflux]. 61 79

Because of inspiration into the tracheo-bronchial aireays, regurgitation from purely oesophageal diseases can provoke various respiratory affections: acute broncho-pulmonary blocking broncho-pneumonia, pulmonary suppuration, night cough, fits of nocturnal suffocation, chronic bronchitis sometimes hemoptic. A mega oesophagus, a diverticulum, stenosis or oesophagus cancer are at the origin. Oesophago-bronchial fistulae are excluded. The decrease of the glottal guarde remains to be explained because it usually protects the trachea from such mishaps (part played by decubitus, sleep, secretions stagnating in the pharynx).
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PMID:[Broncho-pulmonary manifestations during non-fistulized esophageal lesions]. 61 85

A case of tracheal compression in an infant after repair of a tracheo-oesophageal fistula and oesophageal atresia is reported. Tracheopexy completely relieved the symptoms of apnoeic attacks, cyanosis, and convulsions. We suggest that tracheal compression in infants and children with repaired oesophgeal atresia can not only cause life-threatening attacks but also be responsible for recurrent chest infections. All infants and children with signs and symptoms of tracheal compression as shown by the presence of a barking type of cough, recurrent chest infections, or persistent mild respiratory symptoms should be referred for thorough investigation of the tracheobronchial tree.
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PMID:Tracheal compression as a cause of respiratory symptoms after repair of oesophageal atresia. 64 33

During an outbreak of pertussis in the Cardiff area in 1974, 229 children with the disease were studied to assess the effect of immunisation upon its natural history and severity. The typical clinical features of pertussis, such as paroxysmal cough, whooping, vomiting, cyanosis, and irregular breathing, were less prevalent in both the immunised and the older children. Immunisation is the main factor in protecting against complications such as fits; and, together with older age, it protects against hospitalisation. Nevertheless, pertussis today can be just as severe as it was 40 years ago, and the vaccine remains the major factor ameliorating its natural history. The immunisation programme needs more active support by all child health workers.
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PMID:The effects of immunisation upon the natural history of pertussis. A family study in the Cardiff area. 71 79

In 276 children admitted to hospital with febrile convulsions a wide range of virus types was identified by means of nasopharyngeal secretions and cough/nasal swabs. The overall virus identification rate was 49%. Analysis of age, sex, family history, and past history showed no marked differences between the virus-positive and the virus-negative children. More than 80% had symptoms of respiratory infection in association with their convulsions, whether or not a virus was identified. Convulsions were not apparently more severe in the virus-positive group. Rapid virus diagnosis was found helpful in the management of children with febrile convulsions. The virus aetiology of many febrile convulsions has implications both for hospital cross-infection and for research into methods of prevention.
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PMID:Viruses and febrile convulsions. 83 64

The Northwestern voice prosthesis for laryngectomees is described. The prosthesis contains no vibrator but activates vibration of the patient's pharyngeal or upper esophageal tissue by transporting air from the tracheostoma to a fistula in the upper neck, well away from major blood vessels. The prosthesis fits directly onto the laryngectomy tube and allows the patient to breathe, speak, and cough without any manual adjustments. The important advantage of this prosthesis is the fistula location. It can be placed at the time of original surgery and is also workable in patients who have had radiation and extensive radical surgery with total reconstruction of their gullet. The prosthesis can be used by primary total laryngectomees while learning esophageal speech or installed in those who are unable to use the electronic larynx or to learn esophageal speech. Four case studies are presented.
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PMID:Voice rehabilitation after laryngectomy. Results with the use of a hypopharyngeal prosthesis. 112 1

An experimental instruction for automatic recording of fits of coughing is being described. In contrast to the recording on a tape recorded mentioned on entering the above-mentioned installation is especially suited for short-term examinations. The advantages and disadvantages of this instruction for recording are being discussed.
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PMID:[Quantifying the effect of antitussive drugs (author's transl)]. 120 27


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