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 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Trichinellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by a nematode Trichinella sp. Cases of Trichinella spiralis infection in Slavonski Brod were investigated. A total of 64 trichinellosis cases were notified to the Institute of Public Health, Brod-Posavska County between October and November 2004. There were 64 patients, 32 of them female, age range 3-67, mean 35 years. The mean incubation period was 3 (range 1-5) weeks. The epidemic started in October and terminated 39 days later. The patients ate smoked sausages. Trichinella spiralis was identified in sausages by artificial digestion. Among 64 people infected, 65% had facial and/or periorbital edema, 56% diarrhea, 53% myalgia, 48% fever, 26% headache, 23% weakness, 6% conjunctivitis, 6% cough and 3% vomitus, 6% of patients were free from symptoms and 17% were hospitalized. Eosinophils were elevated in 92%, creatinine kinase in 60%, and lactate dehydrogenase in 59% of patients; 97% of patients were positive for Trichinella spiralis on indirect immunofluorescence.
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PMID:[An epidemic of trichinellosis in autumn 2004 in Slavonski Brod]. 1758 81

The measles virus (MV) causes half a million childhood deaths annually. Vitamin A supplements significantly reduce measles-associated mortality and morbidity. The mechanisms whereby vitamin A acts against MV are not understood and currently there is no satisfactory small animal model for MV infection. We report on the development of a ferret model to study antiviral activity of vitamin A against canine distemper virus (CDV). CDV is closely related to MV at the molecular level and distemper in ferrets mimics measles in humans. We infected vitamin A-replete (control) and vitamin A-depleted ferrets with CDV and assessed the ability of high-dose vitamin A supplements to influence CDV disease. In control ferrets, CDV infection caused fever, rash, conjunctivitis, cough, coryza, and diarrhea. In contrast, control ferrets that were given 30 mg of vitamin A did not develop typical distemper after infection and exhibited only a mild rash. The supplement did not negatively affect ferret health and resulted in a 100% increase in serum and liver vitamin A concentrations. We also found that profound vitamin A deficiency is inducible in ferrets and can be rapidly reversed upon high-dose vitamin A supplementation. Vitamin A deficiency caused anorexia, diarrhea, cataracts, behavioral abnormalities, and ultimately death, with or without CDV infection. All ferrets that received vitamin A supplements, however, recovered uneventfully from CDV infection. These results replicate many aspects of the observations of vitamin A therapy in humans with measles and suggest that CDV infection in ferrets is an appropriate model for the study of the antiviral mechanism of vitamin A.
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PMID:Disease manifestations of canine distemper virus infection in ferrets are modulated by vitamin A status. 1763 64

Chlamydia trachomatis is currently recognized as one of the most common sexually transmitted pathogen and a major cause of perinatally acquired infection. Vertical transmission of infection from mother to the infant may result in the development of conjunctivitis and pneumonia. The study was conducted with the aim of determining the prevalence of C. trachomatis pneumonia and to identify its clinical manifestations. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from 50 infants (4-24 weeks of age) with pneumonia. C. trachomatis was detected in nasopharyngeal aspirates by direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) staining. Using DFA, C. trachomatis was found in 12.5% of infants. C. trachomatis pneumonia was associated with the age group of 4-12 weeks, cough of more than 7 days duration, presence of conjunctivitis, milder grade of pneumonia and absence of fever. The study showed a high prevalence of C. trachomatis pneumonia in infants.
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PMID:A pilot study of Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia in infants. 1764 30

This study clinically and molecularly characterizes an adenovirus epidemic that broke out in Taiwan in April 2004. Clinical data on 325 children diagnosed with acute illness were collected between April 2004 and April 2005, and a diagnosis of adenovirus was confirmed by viral isolation. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism were used to identify the adenovirus genotypes in 267 patients. There was a seasonal variation, with a peak incidence between November 2004 and January 2005 (p < 0.001). The median age was 52 months, range 1-210 months. Most cases (90.8%) were younger than 7 years old. Male-to-female ratio was 1.56:1. The most common clinical diagnosis was exudative tonsillitis (50.8%), followed by bronchitis/bronchiolitis (29.9%), conjunctivitis or pharyngoconjunctival fever (22.5%), and acute otitis media (16.3%). Adenovirus type 3 was found in 215 patients (80.5%). The other 52 patients had other genotypes: type 2 (10.1%), type 1 (6.0%), type 5 (1.9%), type 7 (0.7%), type 4 (0.4%), and type 6 (0.4%). Patients with type 3 were significantly older [age >52 months, adjusted odds ratio (OR) 8.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.84-40, p = 0.006), their family members had a higher incidence of illness (adjusted OR 8.77, 95% CI 1.55-50, p = 0.01), they coughed (adjusted OR 6.37, 95% CI 1.54-26.3, p = 0.01), and they had a higher C-reactive protein (CRP) level (>2.87 mg/dL, adjusted OR 3.64, 95% CI 1.06-12.3, p = 0.04) than the 52 cases with other genotypes. In conclusion, this adenovirus outbreak, from late autumn to winter, was predominately caused by adenovirus type 3. Patients with this genotype were significantly older, had a higher incidence of cough and family transmission, and had higher CRP levels than those with other genotypes.
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PMID:Molecular and clinical characteristics of adenoviral infections in Taiwanese children in 2004-2005. 1787 5

57-year-old woman with a history of ischaemic heart disease, arterial hypertension and after myocardial infarction was admitted to the university hospital because of progressive hearing loss and fever of unknown origin. Shortly before hospitalization she developed cough, hemoptysis and conjunctivitis. On the basis of clinical presentation Wegener's granulomatosis was suspected. To confirm the diagnosis, CT scans of the chest, sinuses and ears were performed and revealed massive lesions especially in tht tympanic cavity, mastoid antrum and cells. Infiltrations were also observed in sinuses, especially maxillary, and typical granulomas were found in the lungs. Moreover, the biopsy taken from the mucous membrane of the nose showed abnormalities typical of Wegener's granulomatosis. Antineutrophil cytoplasmatic antibodies (ANCA) were also examined. It is of interest that c-ANCA (cytoplasmatic) were negative and p-ANCA (perinuclear) were positive which is rare in this disease. The patient was treated with immunosuppressive drugs (intravenous methylprednisolone, oral prednisolone and cyclophosphamide). Following therapy fever, hemoptysis and conjunctivitis subsided, while inflammatory parameters normalized. This case report presents on unusual clinical manifestation of Wegener's granulomatosis with the leading sign of hearing loss.
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PMID:[Progressive hearing loss as the leading sign of Wegener's granulomatosis]. 1803 Aug 78

Measles is a highly contagious disease characterized by a prodromal illness of fever, coryza, cough, and conjunctivitis followed by the appearance of a generalized maculopapular rash. Despite the availability of an effective and safe live attenuated vaccine, measles remains a cause of continuing outbreaks in Japan. Measles often accompanies diverse complications, including pneumonitis, otitis media, and central nervous system involvement. Neurological complications of measles includes ADEM, MIBE, and SSPE. MIBE and SSPE have unfavorable prognosis, which are caused by persistent infection of particular mutants of measles virus (MV) in brain. In SSPE patients, measles antibody titer increase in cerebrospinal fluid and serum. Primary vaccine failure and secondary vaccine failure may be a major cause of outbreaks in Japan, therefore, promotion of vaccination should be emphasized. 2 doses vaccination methods began in Japan in 2006, and supplementary vaccination program at 12 and 18 years old begins from 2008. Protection level of antibody titer varies according to the antibody measurement methods. NT provides the best correlate for protection from infection, however, needs complicated procedure. PA is chosen for the surveillance method in Japan, and 1:128 or over seems protection level. To protect health-care associated infection of MV, all health care worker under 35 years old should be vaccinated if not have adequate immunity.
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PMID:[Pathophysiology and laboratory findings in measles]. 1831 31

As the natural history of respiratory and allergic manifestations is unclear, our ongoing Paris birth cohort study prospectively assesses the onset of these symptoms in early childhood. Data were collected by five questionnaires sent at regular intervals during the first year of life. Partitioning around medoids (PAM) was used to classify infants according to their bronchial obstructive symptoms. A polytomous logistic regression was performed to assess the eventual predictable power of various respiratory events and perinatal factors. Results are given for 2698 infants. Atopic dermatitis occurred in 17.9% of infants. The main respiratory symptoms in infancy were wheeze in the chest (22%), dyspnoea responsible for sleep disturbance (23.7%), nocturnal dry cough (14.5%) and shortness of breath (4.2%). The PAM method identified three groups of infants. Apart from the G0 group of infants mostly asymptomatic, two distinct clinical phenotypes (G1 and G2: 8.7% and 23.5% of total infants respectively) emerged. G2 was defined by severe bronchial obstructive disorders as all cases of dyspnoea with sleep disturbance were included in this group, while all infants assigned in G1 suffered from nocturnal dry cough. G2 group infants had significantly higher rates of respiratory events while a parental history of asthma, symptoms suggestive of rhino-conjunctivitis and birth season clearly differentiated the G1 group. Finally, G1 and G2 group infants should be closely followed up as they are expected to develop allergic and asthmatic phenotypes, possibly in relation to environmental and behavioural risk factors.
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PMID:Bronchial obstructive phenotypes in the first year of life among Paris birth cohort infants. 1834 96

Indoor exposures at home, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and mould/dampness adversely affect respiratory health of children. Disturbi Respiratori nell'Infanzia e Ambiente in Sardegna (DRIAS) (Respiratory Symptoms in children and the Environment in Sardegna, Italy) aims at relating the prevalence of respiratory and allergic symptoms to indoor exposures in Sardinian children. DRIAS, a cross-sectional investigation of respiratory symptoms/diseases, used a modified version of ISAAC questionnaire, included 4122 children attending 29 primary schools in the school year 2004-2005. If both parents smoke the prevalence for current wheeze and current asthma is almost doubled in comparison with never smokers, for persistent cough and phlegm a role is suggested when only mother smokes. Among mothers smoking in pregnancy, the prevalence of current wheeze and current asthma is increased. Exposure to ETS and family atopy have a joint effect resulting in an almost tripling of prevalence for current wheeze and more than four times for current asthma. Exposure to "dampness" (mould or dampness) both during the first year of life and currently is associated with increased prevalence of current wheeze, persistent cough or phlegm and current rhino-conjunctivitis; if exposure is only during the first year of life a doubling or more of prevalence is observed for current wheeze, current asthma, and persistent cough or phlegm. DRIAS results add evidence to the causal role of childhood exposure to ETS in the development of respiratory symptoms (cough, phlegm, and wheezing) and asthma. The joint effect of ETS and family atopy is corroborated. The results strengthen the evidence for a causal association between "dampness" and respiratory health, pointing to its possible independent role in causing asthma, a long-lasting exposure entails a doubled prevalence for both asthmatic and bronchitis symptoms.
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PMID:Indoor exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and dampness: respiratory symptoms in Sardinian children--DRIAS study. 1895 7

Mycoplasma pneumoniae-associated mucositis is a rarely described complication of M. pneumoniae infection presenting with ocular, oral, and genital involvement but without the typical skin lesions seen in Stevens-Johnson syndrome. A 27-year-old man with a past history of asthma presented at the emergency room with a 1-week history of cough (initially non-productive but subsequently associated with non-bloody mucopurulent sputum), fever, myalgias, headache, and progressive dyspnea. Two days before admission he had commenced amoxicillin/clavulanic acid with no improvement. The patient reported bilateral conjunctival injection and hemorrhagic ulcers on the lips commencing the day prior to admission. Physical examination revealed fever (39 degrees C), bilateral exudative conjunctivitis, painful hemorrhagic ulcers on the lips, tongue, and oral mucosa, small scrotal erosions, erythema of the penile meatus, and small erythematous bullae on the dorsum of each hand; subsequently, the patient developed bullae at the venipuncture site on his right arm. Laboratory tests revealed positive IgM serology for M. pneumoniae, with titer elevation. The patient was successfully treated with levofloxacin and prednisolone. Our case appears to be the first adult patient described with M. pneumoniae-associated mucositis, which has previously been reported only in pediatric patients. This is also the first reported instance of a case of M. pneumoniae-associated mucositis treated with levofloxacin and prednisolone. M. pneumoniae infection should be considered in all cases of mucositis, and treatment of this condition with levofloxacin and prednisolone seems to be effective.
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PMID:Mycoplasma pneumoniae-associated mucositis with minimal skin manifestations. 1897 8

Food allergy may be clinically expressed by a variety of respiratory symptoms, which can be provoked either by IgE- or cellular mediated reactions. Among the diagnostic procedures, newly introduced atopy patch test seems to be important for diagnosis of cellular, delayed immune reactions. We studied the prevalence of positive atopy patch tests with food and inhalant allergens and the correlation between the positivity of atopy patch tests and questionnaire derived atopic and nonatopic espiratory symptoms and diseases in an unselected children population. We found a correlation between the positive patch test result with wheat and cough after physical effort, allergic rhino-conjunctivitis, and bronchitis recidivans. The subjects with positive skin reaction to egg suffered from allergic rhino-conjunctivitis and bronchial asthma. Food and inhalant allergens play an important role in the induction and exacerbation of some respiratory allergic diseases. The positive correlation of positive results of skin tests and history of some respiratory diseases and symptoms also on the population level confirm the importance of these tests in the diagnostic work-up of these allergic diseases.
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PMID:Food allergens and respiratory symptoms. 1921 55


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