Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 44-year-old patient experienced increasing shortness of breath and cough with yellow expectoration. Physical findings of the patient were not remarkable, whereas x-ray chest examination revealed cicatricial changes of the lower fields of the right lung. Laboratory findings showed a significant reduction of plasma gamma-globulin levels due to a global deficiency of all immunoglobulins. An infectious origin of the immunoglobulin deficiency was not detected. After exclusion of other acquired etiologic conditions, the diagnosis of a variable immunodeficiency syndrome was established. After antibiotic treatment with gyrase-inhibitors, an immunoglobulin-substitution program was initiated. Immediately after the start of an immunoglobulin infusion, the patient developed an allergic reaction. Pretreatment with antihistamine drugs eliminated allergic symptoms. Following immunoglobulin treatment, incidence and severity of infectious diseases were significantly reduced.
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PMID:[Frequent airway infections]. 749 67

There is increasing evidence that pertussis occurs frequently in adults, but there is limited information on the clinical course of this disease beyond childhood. A household contact study on the efficacy of an acellular pertussis vaccine was used to study the symptoms of pertussis in adults. Among 257 patients with pertussis identified in 121 families during a two-year period in one study center with a low whole-cell pertussis-vaccine uptake, 79 (30.7%) were adults, aged 19-83 years (mean age: 36 years) with a 1:1.8 male to female ratio. Ninety-one percent of the adults suffered from coughing (mean duration: 54 days), and in 80% this cough lasted > or = 21 days. Whoops were rare (8%), whereas cough followed by vomiting and/or choking (53%) and cough disturbing sleep (52%) were common. This is the first report to describe sweating attacks as symptom of pertussis (14%). Pharyngeal symptoms (37%), influenza-like symptoms (30%), sneezing attacks (22%), hoarseness (18%), sinus pain (16%) and headaches (14%) were also observed. Various complications were seen in 23% of the patients. In order to minimize the spread of the organism, microbiological diagnostics should be vigorously applied to all symptomatic contacts of a patient with pertussis but also to all patients with long lasting cough-irrespective of age.
Infection
PMID:Symptoms and complications of pertussis in adults. 749 1

A 56-year-old woman was admitted with pyrexia, cough, and dyspnea on August 21, 1991. Physical examination revealed anemia in the palpebral conjunctivas and moist rales at the right lower lung field. Neither the Liver nor spleen was enlarged. Examination of the peripheral blood showed a hemoglobin level of 8.1 g/dl, a platelet count of 14.8 x 10(4)/microliters, and a white blood cell count of 2,800/microliters, with 7% blasts and 8% megakaryocytes. Tear drop-like erythrocytes, agranular neutrophils, and erythroblasts were also seen in the peripheral blood. Examination of the bone marrow showed 15% peroxidase positive blasts, and many micromegakaryocytes. Cytogenetic studies for bone marrow cells revealed the existence of the Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome. Bone marrow biopsy showed normal cellularity with increase of megakaryocytes and advanced myelofibrosis. Breakpoint cluster region (bcr) rearrangement analysis using the peripheral blood mononuclear cells revealed M-bcr rearrangement. According to the Hannover classification for myeloproliferative disease, she was diagnosed as having CML with advanced myelofibrosis followed by CML with megakaryocytic increase. Since she had neutrocytopenia and severe infectious disease, she received a subcutaneous injection of 125 micrograms of G-CSF. Not only increase of the white blood cell count, but also disappearance of blasts, improvement of anemia, increase of the platelet count, and improvement of myelofibrosis were observed.
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PMID:[Hematologic abnormalities in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia with advanced myelofibrosis were improved by G-CSF]. 751 Nov 82

Selected events in rhinovirus infection of the normal human airway can be regarded as occurring sequentially. Initial steps in rhinovirus pathogenesis are believed to include viral entry into the nose, mucociliary transport of virus to the posterior pharynx, and initiation of infection in ciliated and non-ciliated epithelial cells of the upper airway. Viral replication peaks on average within 48 h of initiation of infection and persists for up to 3 wk. Infection is followed by activation of several inflammatory mechanisms, which may include release or generation of interleukins, bradykinins, prostaglandins, and possibly histamine and stimulation of parasympathetic reflexes. Pathophysiologic processes are initiated, which include vasodilatation of nasal blood vessels, transudation of plasma, glandular secretion, and stimulation of nerve fibers, causing pain and triggering sneeze and cough reflexes. The resultant clinical illness is a rhinosinusitis, pharyngitis, and bronchitis, which, on average, lasts 1 wk.
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PMID:Rhinovirus infection of the normal human airway. 755 10

A study was undertaken to determine the extent of measles underreporting among preschool-age children. In two community surveys conducted in inner-city Los Angeles during 1990 and 1991, respondents were asked whether preschool-age children in their households had ever been ill with measles. Information about measles episodes was obtained and medical records were reviewed, when available. A probable measles case was defined as having 3 or more days of rash with fever of 38.3 degrees centigrade or greater, and either cough, coryza, or conjunctivitis. To determine the proportion of cases reported, probable measles cases identified were matched with measles cases reported to the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services. Of the 947 children ages 6 weeks through 59 months included in the surveys, 35 children had experienced an illness episode which met the probable measles case definition. Ten (29 percent) of the 35 probable measles cases were reported to the health department. Hospitals reported 9 (69 percent) of 13 probable measles cases evaluated while private physicians' offices reported 0 (0 percent) of 12 evaluated (Fisher's exact test, P < 0.001), although 5 children were seen by private physicians before rash onset. Reporting was more complete for cases occurring during 1990 and 1991 (33 percent) than from 1987 through 1989 (18 percent). The hospitalization rate for preschool-age children with probable measles cases in the catchment area was estimated to be 8 percent (95 percent confidence interval = 0 to 18 percent). Although measles is a serious communicable disease which is almost completely preventable, cases of it among preschool-age children in this high incidence area were substantially underreported,especially by private physicians. Due to reporting bias, reported measles cases were representative of more severe cases than all the cases that occurred.
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PMID:Measles reporting completeness during a community-wide epidemic in inner-city Los Angeles. 763 Sep 92

Although the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis had been rapidly decreased in Japan, it is pointed out that the rate of decrease in annual incidence became smaller in recent years. This slowing down of the rate of decrease is considered to be resulted from an increase in number of individuals who are more susceptible to tuberculous infection; such as the elderly, young people who are not exposed to TB bacilli previously and therefore not immunized, patients with malignant disease or with organ transplantation and HIV-infected persons. Pulmonary tuberculosis still remained as a pulmonary infectious disease of highly ranked importance. Especially, miliary tuberculosis is life-threatening and occasionally fatal unless early intensive antituberculosis chemotherapy was started on the basis of a rapid and definite diagnosis. We made a retrospective survey to clarify the characteristic clinical features of miliary tuberculosis. For this purpose, we compared the characteristics and clinical features of 10 patients with miliary tuberculosis and those of 18 patients with severe pulmonary tuberculosis, not due to hematogenous dissemination. The mean ages of miliary tuberculosis group and that of severe pulmonary tuberculosis group were 62.6 and 63.8 years old, respectively, with no significant difference. Nine out of ten patients with miliary tuberculosis had fever as one of initial symptoms, whereas, all the patients with severe pulmonary tuberculosis had cough and sputa but they seldom developed fever (high fever) at the initial stage of their diseases. Duration from onset of symptom to the admission was 1.2 months on average in both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical investigation of severe pulmonary tuberculosis and miliary tuberculosis]. 769 80

A 3-yr-old girl was scheduled to undergo surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot. She had no sign or data indicating an infectious disease, other than a slight dry cough for a few days prior to the proposed operation. During the induction of anesthesia with nitrous oxide, oxygen and sevoflurane, transient moist rale was noticed with a precordial stethoscope. Her trachea was intubated without any difficulty after the administration of pancuronium, followed by a chest auscultation, which revealed vesicular sound bilaterally but no rale. However, a chest X-ray taken after the right subclavian vein catheterization showed a massive hypoaeration in the upper left pulmonary region. The presence of the right-to-left intracardiac shunt made it impossible to detect the occurrence of atelectasis by a decrease in SpO2. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy showed no obstruction of the bronchus and no hypersecretion initially, but physical therapy and humidification made it possible to aspirate intratracheal sputum. Because there seemed to be an imbalance between the relatively uneventful induction of anesthesia and the relative resistance of atelectasis to authentic therapies, the operation was postponed, and the antibody to mycoplasma pneumoniae was titrated. The titer in the serum was 1:80, and increased to 1:560 6 days later. Chest X-rays revealed normal lung condition 3 days later, and she was given erythromycin, 800 mg.day-1 for 2 weeks. We conclude that we should be alert to possible asymptomatic mycoplasma infection, which potentially makes patients susceptible to atelectasis during the perioperative period.
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PMID:[Mycoplasma pneumonia found by the occurrence of atelectasis during the induction of anesthesia in a child with tetralogy of Fallot]. 774 94

Between July and November 1992, in Senegal, health workers took sputum samples from 27 HIV-positive patients (19 men and 8 women) aged 20-66 at the infectious disease service of Fann University Hospital Center in Dakar so researchers could determine the prevalence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among HIV-positive patients and specify the characteristics of P. carinii pneumonia among HIV-positive patients in Dakar. The simple, effective, and low-cost technique used was coloration of the sputum with Toluidine O. 70.3% had HIV-1 infection, 26% had HIV-2 infection, and 3.7% had both HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection. 55.5% had CD4 counts under 200/cu. mm. 40.7% had higher CD4 counts. The CD4 count could not be measured in one patient. Six (22.2%) tested positive for P. carinii. Four of the patients with P. carinii pneumonia were HIV-1 positive. The other two were HIV-2 positive. 83.3% had fever and were becoming thinner. 33.3% had a cough. 16.6% had difficulty breathing. One patient with P. carinii infection was asymptomatic. Two pneumocystis patients had diffuse interstitial infiltration and perihilar infiltration. Another patient also had pulmonary tuberculosis. The CD4 count for 80% of HIV-infected patients who tested positive for P. carinii pneumonia was less than 200/cu. mm.
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PMID:[Preliminary study of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia diagnosed by induced expectoration in HIV positive patients in Dakar]. 775 66

87 newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients at the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya, were recruited into the study. Only patients with acid fast bacilli on stained smears of expectorated sputum were considered to have PTB. Cases were presumed PTB when a negative sputum smear was obtained in a patient with clinical and radiographic features consistent with PTB. Heparinized peripheral venous blood from each patient was tested for antibodies to HIV-1 with the Dupont HTLV 111 and the Wellcozyme Diagnostics ELISA. Only samples seropositive with both ELISAs were considered HIV-1 seropositive. T-lymphocyte subpopulation was separated from mononuclear cells by centrifugation on a Ficoll-Hypaque gradient. There were approximately equal numbers of males and females (25 males and 24 females) in the HIV-1 negative group but as many as 26 males compared to 12 females in the HIV-1 positive group. The sex ratio in the HIV-1 negative was M/F; 1:0.96 and M/F; 1:0.5 in the HIV-1 positive group. The mean age of patients with HIV-1 (33.4 +or- 7.22) was significantly higher than those without HIV-1 (28.70 +or- 11.20; p0.001). The overall prevalence of HIV-1 was 44%; higher in men (30%) than in women (14%). The hemoglobin (12.0 +or- 2.6 gm HIV-1 negative; 12.0 +or- 1.4.0 gm HIV-1 positive) and total lymphocyte counts (2451.6 +or- 1036.7/cubic mm HIV-1 negative; 2020.9 +or- 1258.6/cubic mm HIV-1 positive) were not significantly different between the 2 groups. However, the white blood cell count was significantly higher in HIV-1 seronegative group (7273.5 +or- 4700/cubic mm) than in the HIV-1 seropositive group (5094.8 +or- 3494/cubic mm); p0.05). Patients with HIV-1 presented more often with lymphadenopathy, diarrhea and weight loss, whereas cough and fever were as common in HIV-1 positive as HIV-1 negative patients. Even though CD3, CD4, and CD8 counts were significantly lower in HIV-1 positive patients, the ratio of CD4/CD8 was not significantly different between the 2 groups.
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PMID:Clinical and immunological markers in Kenyan pulmonary tuberculosis patients with and without HIV-1. 783 58

Bacteria usually attack the susceptible animal or human organisms at mucosal surfaces of the respiratory, gastrointestinal or genitourinary tract. To colonize these surfaces they must penetrate a number of nonspecific defense barriers including cleansing mechanisms such as sneezing, coughing, peristalsis and fluid flow. Successful microorganisms escape recognition by soluble immune or nonimmune molecules, and bind to the mucosal surfaces via specialised molecules exposed on their surface (adhesions) which recognize and interact with complementary molecules (receptors) on the surface of specific host cells. This key step in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases is currently the subject of intensive investigation. In this review the mechanism and the role of adherence in different bacterial infections are considered.
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PMID:[Bacterial adherence and its importance in the pathogenesis of infections]. 785 1


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