Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Insomnia is highly prevalent in patients with chronic disease including chronic heart failure (CHF) and is a significant contributing factor to fatigue and poor quality of life. The pathophysiology of CHF often leads to fatigue, due to nocturnal symptoms causing sleep disruption, including cough, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and nocturia. Inadequate cardiac function may lead to hypoxemia or poor perfusion of the cerebrum, skeletal muscle, or visceral body organs, which result in organ dysfunction or failure and may contribute to fatigue. Sleep disturbances negatively affect all dimensions of quality of life and is related to increased risk of comorbidities, including depression. This article reviews insomnia in CHF, cardiac medication side-effects related to sleep disturbances, and treatment options.
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PMID:Insomnia and chronic heart failure. 1875 45

A retrospective study was undertaken to investigate the clinical aspects of Q-fever pneumonia. Six sporadic cases, 5 men and 1 woman, aged between 36 and 81 years were diagnosed by testing paired serum samples using an indirect immunofluorescence assay from July 2004 to June 2007. Of these, 5 suffered from concomitant or chronic disease. The predominant clinical features were fever, cough, sputum, and chest pain. The WBC count was within normal values in half of the patients. C-reactive protein was elevated in all patients. Liver dysfunction was noted in 2 patients. Chest computed tomography revealed air space consolidation and small nodules in all patients and pleural effusion in 1 patient. Anti-phase II IgG titers of paired serum samples were elevated, but anti-phase II IgM titers were within normal limits in all the patients. Antibiotics were given to all the patients, and, beta-lactum agents were prescribed for 3 patients. The outcome was favorable in all the patients. These patients demonstrated nonspecific clinical, radiological, and laboratory manifestations, and we were able to distinguish Q-type pneumonia from other forms of community-acquired pneumonia only by testing anti-phase II IgG titers of paired serum samples.
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PMID:[Clinical features of Q-fever pneumonia]. 1919 95

Although chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a highly prevalent and disabling illness, few empirical studies have evaluated the impact of the disease on symptom distress, functional status, and quality of life. These outcomes were explored in a prospective survey of 100 patients with advanced COPD. Patients were recruited from two academic centers. The mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) was 24.4% (standard deviation=3.9). Validated instruments were used to assess symptom distress (Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale [MSAS]), mental health (Mental Health Inventory [MHI]-5), functional status (Sickness Impact Profile [SIP]), quality of life (Multidimensional Index of Life Quality [MILQ]), spirituality (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy [FACIT] Spirituality Scale), and comorbid conditions (Charlson Comorbidity Index). The most prevalent symptoms were dyspnea (94%), fatigue (71%), xerostomia (60%), coughing (56%), and anxiety (51%). Other symptoms with high prevalence were drowsiness (47%), irritability (42%), feeling nervous (40%), and wheezing (40%). Significant pain was reported in about one-third of patients. Patients reported relatively high levels of overall functional impairment (SIP median=24.0) and modest impairment in overall quality of life (MILQ median=52). Overall, psychological well-being was relatively unimpaired (median=24.5), and the comfort derived from faith was intact (FACIT median=2.5). Impairment in quality of life was strongly associated with symptom distress (MSAS-GDI; r=-0.74, P<0.001), functional impairment (SIP total; r=-0.59, P<0.001), female sex (r=-0.26, P=0.01), and poor psychological well-being (MHI-5; r=0.68, P<0.001). In multivariate analyses, poor quality of life was strongly correlated with higher total symptom distress, sickness-related dysfunction, and lower levels of psychological well-being (R(2)=0.66). In addition, two specific psychological symptoms-worrying and feeling irritable-were independently predictive of poor quality of life. Patients with advanced COPD have multiple distressing symptoms and a high prevalence of disturbances in mood, functional status, and quality of life. A focus on ameliorating prevalent physical symptoms and psychological distress may lead to an improvement in the overall quality of life in this patient population.
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PMID:Symptom distress and quality of life in patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 1923 93

Cystic fibrosis (CF) has been transformed from a fatal diagnosis in infancy to a chronic disease of children and young adults. Symptom patterns and disease burden in CF may be shifting to reflect the relatively healthier, older population with the disease. Self-management of symptoms is a hallmark of chronic illness, and yet we do not have a good understanding of how CF patients monitor or manage their symptoms. Children and adults were recruited through clinics in three Canadian provinces. Questionnaires with open-ended and close-ended questions in English and French, designed to assess the frequency, severity, and self-management of pain, breathlessness, and cough, were mailed to all the eligible participants. One hundred twenty-three respondents completed the survey, for a response rate of 64%. Eighty-four percent (103 of 123) of participants reported having pain. They reported an average of 2.1 locations of pain, with headache and abdominal pain most frequently described. Sixty-four percent (76 of 123) of participants reported having breathlessness, and 83% (99 of 123) of participants reported experiencing cough. Sixty-three percent (62 of 99) of participants with cough reported that cough always or sometimes interfered with their sleep. A variety of pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments were used to manage symptoms. Pain and dyspnea are more common than suspected and a wide variety of pharmacological and nonpharmacological measures are used to treat symptoms. Cough is difficult to assess, but disturbed sleep may be an indicator of cough severity and an important symptom to consider when evaluating the overall burden of illness in those with CF.
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PMID:Frequency and self-management of pain, dyspnea, and cough in cystic fibrosis. 1981 66

Asthma, the most common chronic disease in children and adolescents in industrialized countries, is typified by airway inflammation and obstruction leading to wheezing, dyspnea, and cough. However, the effect of asthma does not end with pulmonary changes. Research has shown a direct link between asthma and stress and psychiatric illness, which if untreated results in heightened morbidity and effects on society. The link between asthma and psychiatric illness, however, is often underappreciated by many pediatric and child mental health professionals. This article reviews the diagnosis and treatment of asthma as well as the correlation between asthma and psychiatric illness in children in an effort to improve management and treatment strategies for this prevalent disease.
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PMID:Psychological considerations of the child with asthma. 2185 14

The H1N1 pandemic flu is a significant risk factor for both patients with chronic disease who need organ transplantation and transplant recipients. This population needs special care regarding comorbidities and related complications. MB, a 38-year-old Italian cystic fibrosis male patient with lung and pancreatic involvement, was referred to our division in July 2009 for fever-associated arthromyalgia, headache, and rhinitis. Lung transplantation had been performed in September 2005, and he was subsequently treated with immunosuppressive therapy: tacrolimus, everolimus, and prednisolone. In the past, chronic respiratory colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and intermittent infection with Aspergillus flavus, chronic renal failure, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus complicated his clinical history. He started antiviral treatment with oseltamivir despite no travel history and no respiratory symptoms. H1N1 swab was positive. Three days later, the patient was admitted to the hospital for the persistence of fever and the onset of cough. Chest x-ray showed a left lower pneumonia, which was confirmed by computerized tomography. Broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy led to an improvement of the clinical condition. The patient was discharged 8 days later; a control swab was negative. This case report suggests some general considerations regarding solid organ recipients: 1) Flu-related complications require early treatment (both antiviral and antibiotic); 2) active microbiologic surveillance is important to prevent lethal infections (ie, invasive aspergillosis); 3) evaluation of immunosuppressant blood levels is necessary for drug-drug interactions. Active prevention is the best option for decreasing morbidity and mortality in the transplanted patient.
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PMID:Case report: cystic fibrosis, lung transplantation, and the novel H1N1 flu. 2069 61

Asthma is the most common chronic disorder of school-age children and youth, with rising prevalence in all over the world. By attention to the geographic area there is considerable difference in the prevalence of asthma. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), was founded to maximize the value of epidemiological research into asthma and allergic disease by establishing a standardized methodology and facilitating international collaboration. To determine the prevalence of asthma and related symptoms in Kermanshah (a city in west of IRAN) schoolchildren and also identifying the related variables that increased asthma risk using the ISAAC protocols. This descriptive analytic study was done by the ISAAC written questionnaire and additional questions about family number, demographic and socio-economic characteristics of two groups of first and second grade of primary and guidance schools (6-7 y, 13-14 y). Suggested sample size were applied and selected randomly. Results were analyzed by SPSS soft ware by 95% confidence interval. The ISAAC-written questionnaire was completed by a total of 6236 (48.7% were 6-7 and 51/3% were 13-14 years old) schoolchildren. 50.4% of students were girls and 49/6% were boys. The prevalence of diseases and symptoms were as follows: 20.6% had ever wheezing (27.4% in 13-14 years old and 13.4% in 6-7 years old children and it was 21.6% in girls and 19.5% in boys). Among which the estimated mean national 12-month prevalence of wheeze (current wheeze), speech limiting wheeze , exercise wheeze, night cough and physician diagnosed asthma (ever asthma) were respectively 30.1%, 5.4%, 9.4%, 7.3% and 3.3% for the 6-7 year age group and 44.2%, 13.5%, 28.9% , 17.4% and 2.1% for the 13-14 year age group. Current wheeze was higher in Childs and adolescents with family history of smoking and in higher family number. Comparing with regional study the results of this epidemiological survey of asthma in Kermanshah indicate that asthma is more common here, more prevalent in girls than boys and is higher in 13-14 years old than 6-7 years old but sever asthma is much less common. The results may be due to better diagnosis and better control of disease.
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PMID:Prevalence, risk factors and severity of asthma symptoms in children of Kermanshah, IRAN: ISAAC phase I, II. 2168 8

Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children. Prevalence has increased in the past 2 decades and has reached a plateau of approximately 9% of children in the United States, affecting about 6.7 million children. The increased prevalence of childhood asthma has paralleled the increased prevalence in childhood obesity. Changes in diet have also been implicated in the increased prevalence of asthma, among other risk factors. The main symptoms of asthma (ie, wheezing, coughing, and chest tightness) require medical evaluation and monitoring. The cornerstone of asthma management is medication therapy, frequently consisting of inhaled bronchodilators and corticosteroids and, when needed, therapy of corticosteroids by mouth. As part of the multidisciplinary management of this chronic disease, nutrition assessment and follow-up in childhood asthma is necessary to identify and address relevant nutrition-related problems. These problems can involve food-medication interactions, obesity, gastroesophageal reflux disease, food allergies, and other issues; therefore, individualized medical nutrition therapy is warranted. Finally, counseling to achieve a healthy balanced diet is recommended for overall health and weight management. A recent but small number of descriptive investigations agree that adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern can be associated with a decreased risk of current asthma symptoms in children. Although this evidence is promising, food interventions are required to substantiate an evidence-based foundation for medical nutrition therapy in childhood asthma. At this time, there is no known health risk if a Mediterranean diet is adopted.
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PMID:A medical nutrition therapy primer for childhood asthma: current and emerging perspectives. 2170 84

Dextromethorphan (DM) is a dextrorotary morphinan and a widely used component of cough medicine. Relatively high doses of DM in combination with quinidine are used for the treatment of mood disorders for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, at lower doses, morphinans exert anti-inflammatory activities through the inhibition of NOX2-dependent superoxide production in activated microglia. Here we investigated the effects of high (10 mg/kg, i.p., "DM-10") and low (0.1 mg/kg, i.p., "DM-0.1") doses of DM on the development and progression of mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. We found no protection by high dose DM treatment. Interestingly, a minor late attenuation by low dose DM treatment was seen in severe EAE that was characterized by a chronic disease course and a massive spinal cord infiltration of CD45(+) cells including T-lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophils. Furthermore, in a less severe form of EAE, where lower levels of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells, Iba1(+) microglia/macrophages and no significant infiltration of neutrophils were seen in the spinal cord, the treatment with DM-0.1 was remarkably more beneficial. The effect was the most significant at the peak of disease and was associated with an inhibition of NOX2 expression and a decrease in infiltration of monocytes and lymphocytes into the spinal cord. In addition, chronic treatment with low dose DM resulted in decreased demyelination and reduced axonal loss in the lumbar spinal cord. Our study is the first report to show that low dose DM is effective in treating EAE of moderate severity. Our findings reveal that low dose morphinan DM treatment may represent a new promising protective strategy for treating MS.
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PMID:Low dose dextromethorphan attenuates moderate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by inhibiting NOX2 and reducing peripheral immune cells infiltration in the spinal cord. 2170 6

Cough associated with cancer or nonmalignant chronic disease is common and distressing. Levodropropizine, a peripherally acting drug, has been used as an alternative antitussive to opioids. The authors aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of levodropropizine in relieving cough associated with cancer or nonmalignant chronic disease. The authors searched five databases and hand searched relevant journals to identify randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials assessing the antitussive effect of levodropropizine for cough associated with cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial lung disease, or chronic heart failure. Study quality was assessed using a modified version of the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination criteria. The search yielded 58 references. Six were checked in more detail, and four studies were included. Two were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) testing levodropropizine against dihydrocodeine and moguisteine, and two were nonrandomized placebo-controlled studies, all with important limitations and high risk of bias. Levodropropizine was significantly more effective than placebo in reducing cough frequency and severity, and equally effective as dihydrocodeine or moguisteine. It was generally well tolerated. The authors conclude that the evidence for the antitussive efficacy of levodropropizine in these patients is scarce, and is further limited by the methodological weaknesses of the primary studies. Further well-designed research is needed to support its use.
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PMID:Levodropropizine in the management of cough associated with cancer or nonmalignant chronic disease--a systematic review. 2180 17


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