Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 39-year-old woman was hospitalized at our Institute following a diagnosis of "suspected systemic lymphopathy". The patient exhibited mediastinal tumefaction, moderate anemia, thrombocytopenia, leucoerythroblastic streak in peripheral blood, diffuse bone pain, slight fever, cough and dyspnea. The clinical picture, radiological findings and hematochemical data apparently suggested a diagnosis of epithelial neoplasia of bronchial origin, or a primary hemopathy. Only by means of an osteomedullary biopsy was it possible to establish that the disease was actually a bronchogenic carcinoma invading the marrow. In conclusion, both for a correct staging of patients with carcinoma, and for histological diagnosis, when the primary side can not be identified or attacked, the osteomedullary biopsy, if feasible carried out at different sites, proves to be the test of choice.
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PMID:[Importance of bone biopsies in the diagnosis of cancer metastases]. 727 67

The unusual case of a 12-year-old boy with well differentiated in situ, and focally invasive squamous carcinoma of the larynx is reported, together with a review of the medical literature. In addition to this one, 54 cases of laryngeal carcinoma in children 15 years of age or younger have been reported since 1868. All were squamous except for one adenocarcinoma of a laryngeal minor salivary gland. Carcinoma of the larynx in children parallels that of adults in terms of squamous histology, predominantly vocal cord involvement, pattern of local spread, and response to treatment. However, the incidence of female patients is higher in childhood (40% of childhood cases vs. less than 10% of adult cases), and risk factors, except previous irradiation of papillomas, are rare. Although unusual, carcinoma of the larynx in children is probably more common than thought and the diagnosis should be considered in any case of a child with persistent hoarseness or cough.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the larynx in childhood. 741 62

Five patients with histories of resectional lung surgery presented with recurrent or persistent cough. Lobectomy or pneumonectomy had been done for carcinoma (three patients), bronchial adenoma (one patient), and bronchiectasis (one patient). The cough in each case was first interpreted as being due to recurrence of the original disease. Bronchoscopy excluded recurrent disease and led to the discovery of exposed endobronchial sutures. Elimination of the sutures spontaneously in one patient and removal by bronchoscopy in four patients alleviated the cough. Exposed sutures apparently cause cough by producing local irritation, granuloma formation, and infection. This cause should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cough in the post-thoracotomy patient.
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PMID:Cough caused by exposed endobronchial sutures. 746 13

A 48-year-old female was admitted complaining of cough and right chest pain. A chest X-ray showed a tumorous mass in the right lower lung field and hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. The patient underwent transbronchial lung biopsy, and was diagnosed as having a malignant tumor. Because a metastatic lesion was detected in the left lung filed, we opted for chemotherapy. The white blood cell count rose to 103,700/mm3 and 190,000/mm3 in the fifth and sixth month after hospitalization, respectively. The serum granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) level by enzyme immunoassay exceeded 1000 pg/ml. The histological diagnosis of large cell carcinoma was made from the specimen obtained by percutaneous needle biopsy of the lung. The carcinoma cells in this specimen, showed positive staining with anti-G-CSF monoclonal antibody.
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PMID:[A case of large cell carcinoma of the lung producing granulocyte colony-stimulating factor]. 750 24

In April 1988 the Christie Hospital started using the microSelectron-HDR machine to deliver intraluminal radiotherapy (ILT) to inoperable bronchial carcinomas causing symptoms due to endobronchial disease. Results of treatment in the first 406 patients with primary non-small-cell carcinoma are presented. Three main categories of patient were defined. Category 1 consisted of 324 patients (79.8%) who were previously unirradiated and received a single fraction of ILT as their primary treatment, mostly to a dose of 1500 cGy (76%) or 2000 cGy (23%) at 1 cm from the centre of the iridium-192 treatment source. The percentage of these patients whose symptoms or signs were improved at 6 weeks following ILT were as follows: stridor 92%, haemoptysis 88%, cough 62%, dyspnoea, 60%, pain, 50% and pulmonary collapse, 46%. Approximately two-thirds of these patients (67.3%) derived long lasting palliation and required no further treatment during their lifetime. The other third of patients needed subsequent treatment at some stage because of recurrence of their symptoms and in this situation external beam radiotherapy (EB) or a repeat ILT treatment was effectively utilised. Category 2 consisted of 65 patients (16%) who had previously received EB but required ILT when their tumour recurred. At 6 weeks post-ILT levels of symptom palliation were broadly similar to those obtained if ILT was used in previously unirradiated individuals, although the improvement was not so well sustained with time and only 7% showed improvement in pulmonary collapse at 6 weeks. Category 3 consisted of 17 patients (4.2%) in whom ILT was used concurrently with EB as a combined initial treatment. Similar levels of palliation were seen when compared with patients who received a single ILT treatment only. Overall, ILT was well tolerated in terms of early and late morbidity. In conclusion, the efficiency of a single ILT treatment in palliating symptoms due to endobronchial tumour in previously unirradiated individuals is comparable with that reported in series where treatment for advanced lung cancer combines a prolonged course of EB concurrently with several ILT treatments.
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PMID:High dose rate intraluminal radiotherapy for carcinoma of the bronchus: outcome of treatment of 406 patients. 753 4

Four cases are described of a distinctive morphologic variant of thymic carcinoid that was characterized by abundant stromal mucin admixed with the neuroendocrine elements resulting in a histologic picture reminiscent of metastatic mucin-secreting carcinoma. The patients were three men and a woman, aged 22 to 43 years. The tumors presented with symptoms of chest discomfort, cough, and dyspnea and were described as large anterior mediastinal masses on chest radiographs and computerized scans. Histologically, all cases showed nests and strands of tumor cells embedded in an abundant lightly eosinophilic, mucinous stroma with small cellular clusters as well as scattered single tumor cells seen floating in the mucin. The mucinous matrix was negative for periodic acid Schiff's and mucicarmine stains; alcian blue stains at pH 2.5 showed strong positivity of the mucinous material; this reaction was abolished by treatment with hyaluronidase, indicating the presence of nonepithelial stromal mucosubstances. Immunohistochemical stains showed strong positivity of the tumor cells with CAM 5.2, chromogranin, synaptophysin, and neuron-specific enolase, and negative staining with carcinoembyronic antigen and epithelial membrane antigen. Electron microscopy done in one case showed abundant dense-core cytoplasmic neurosecretory granules; there was no evidence of glandular secretory activity by the tumor cells. The tumors in two patients behaved in a highly aggressive fashion, with invasion of the chest wall, recurrence, and metastases to the lungs, pleura, and axillary, retroperitoneal, and mesenteric lymph nodes. Thymic carcinoid should be considered in the differential diagnosis of mediastinal neoplasms displaying prominent mucinous features. Application of immunostains and electron microscopy will be of value for establishing the correct diagnosis in this setting.
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PMID:Thymic carcinoid with prominent mucinous stroma. Report of a distinctive morphologic variant of thymic neuroendocrine neoplasm. 757 90

Forty cases of small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) treated with surgical and chemotherapeutic combined therapy were reported. There were 28 males and 12 females in the group, most with history of more than 2 months, ranging in age of 27-66 years old. Cough, bloody sputum, low fever and chest distress are the main clinical manifestation. The small cell undifferentiated carcinoma was confirmed by fiberbronchoscope examination and pathology in all patients. Single lobectomy was performed in 20 cases, lobectomy of the upper and middle lobe in 9 cases, (sleeve resection of the lobarbronchus in 3 cases), and total pneumonectomy in 7 cases. Two cases were of stage I, 18 were of stage II, and 20 were of stage IIIa. Twelve patients received chemotherapy after operation, and 28 patients underwent the "chemotherapy-operation-chemotherapy" treatment model. Adriamycin (or CDDP), cytoxan, vincristin, and dexomathasone were used for the chemotherapy procedure. The 1, 3, 5-year survival rate of chemotherapy after operation and chemotherapy-operation-chemotherapy group were 70%, 45%, 30.5% and 54%, 30% and 22%, respectively. It is demonstrated that the long-term survival rate could be elevated in SCLC patients treated with chemotherapy after surgical operation, and the chance of operation also could be elevated by preoperative chemotherapy. The resection rate was 93% in the preoperative chemotherapy group.
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PMID:[The combined treatment with surgery and chemotherapy: primary approach to small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC)]. 772 Apr 98

To determine the diagnostic utility of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FB) in the evaluation of patients with newly diagnosed esophageal carcinoma (EC) and whether FB findings impact therapy and survival, we retrospectively reviewed 2,832 FB records (1984 through 1992). Twenty-two cases were identified in which FB was performed to evaluate pulmonary involvement in patients with newly diagnosed EC. Two cases were eliminated due to data unavailability. Seventeen of 20 patients had no pulmonary symptoms and most of them (15/17) had normal chest radiographs. All three patients with pulmonary symptoms (cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea) had significant radiographic abnormalities. In the asymptomatic group, FB findings were normal in nine, showed extrinsic compression of the trachea and/or bronchi in seven, and demonstrated a submucosal tumor nodule in one. The pathologic diagnosis of malignant airway involvement was not made in any asymptomatic patient. In the three symptomatic patients, extensive endobronchial abnormalities were present. Therapy with surgery, radiation, and/or chemotherapy did not differ among patients with extrinsic compression compared to patients with normal FB. Average survival in the patients with normal endobronchial anatomy was 20.5 months, in the group with extrinsic compression 12.2 months, and in the group with marked endobronchial abnormalities, less than 1 month. Statistical analysis of our findings suggest that FB is a low-yield procedure in the evaluation of patients with EC unless pulmonary symptoms of cough and/or hemoptysis or chest radiographic abnormalities are present.
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PMID:Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the evaluation of newly diagnosed esophageal carcinoma. 775 Mar 46

We report the case of a 59 year old woman who developed cough, dyspnoea and fever with patchy migratory airspace infiltrates, 2 months after right breast radiation therapy for breast carcinoma. Lung infiltrates were initially localized in the irradiated area and spread to the contralateral lung. Lung biopsy, performed in an unirradiated area of the contralateral lung 9 months after completion of radiotherapy, revealed a typical histological pattern of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. No cause of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia other than radiation was found. Treatment with corticosteroids resulted in rapid clinical improvement and complete resolution of airspace opacities. This case suggests that localized lung irradiation might trigger the development of a bilateral lung disease, with a histological pattern of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia.
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PMID:Migratory bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia after unilateral radiation therapy for breast carcinoma. 775 50

We report on two women presenting with cough and fever, 4 and 7 months, respectively, after starting breast radiation therapy following surgery for breast carcinoma. Chest roentgenogram and computed tomographic (CT) scan demonstrated alveolar opacities, initially limited to the pulmonary area next to the irradiated breast, but later migrating within both lungs. Intra-alveolar granulation tissue was found in transbronchial lung biopsies. Corticosteroid treatment resulted in dramatic clinical improvement, together with complete clearing of the pulmonary opacities on chest imaging. However, clinical and imaging relapses occurred when corticosteroids were withdrawn too rapidly; with further improvement when they were reintroduced. The reported cases clearly differ from radiation pneumonitis. They were fairly typical of cryptogenic organizing pneumonitis, also called idiopathic bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia, with the exception of the radiation therapy, partially affecting the lung, which had been performed within the previous months. Since focal radiation therapy involving the lung may induce diffuse bilateral lymphocytic alveolitis, we hypothesize that this may "prime" the lung to further injury, leading to cryptogenic organizing pneumonitis.
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PMID:Migratory organizing pneumonitis "primed" by radiation therapy. 775 50


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