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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mucus hypersecretion (greater than 25 ml/day) is commonly seen in chronic bronchitis, whereas bronchorrhea (greater than 100 ml/day) is found in other conditions (e.g. asthma, bronchiectasis, alveolar-cell carcinoma). Clearance of secretions can be improved by physical and pharmacological methods. Cough airways obstruction--for "two-phase air-liquid flow". Chest physiotherapy (the forced expiration technique, FET, and postural drainage, PD) is effective in clearing central and peripheral secretions and can be self-employed. Oral high frequency oscillation (OHFO) at 13 Hz is a useful adjunct. Beta-adrenergic drugs improve clearance and this is not entirely to their bronchodilator activity. Likewise methylxanthines enhance clearance particularly in central airways. Corticosteroids are effective in bronchorrhoea and asthma. Anticholinergics may control hypersecretion. Mucolytics and expectorants are used traditionally but their activity is difficult to prove. Hypertonic (7%) saline is useful--as is cromoglycate in asthma.
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PMID:Management of mucus hypersecretion. 332 58

Neostigmine induction was investigated as a method for increasing the rate of detection of lung cancer in respiratory cytology samples. Eleven patients with dry and essentially nonproductive cough were given neostigmine, 15 mg by mouth or 0.5 mg by hypodermic injection. The quality of sputum produced was increased in all cases; the sputum was also more easily expectorated. Eight patients suspected of having lung cancer had previously negative cytologic examinations of sputum obtained by conventional methods. Following the administration of neostigmine, malignant cells indicating squamous-cell carcinoma were found in the sputum samples of three of these patients while dysplastic cells were detected in the samples from two patients. It is postulated that neostigmine intake may increase the excretion of mucous glands in the bronchial submucosa as well as the bronchial epithelium itself.
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PMID:Use of neostigmine to increase the rate of lung cancer detection by sputum cytology. 346 49

Two patients were hospitalized because of fever, cough and dyspnea and an interstitial infiltrate of both lungs that was shown to be a lymphangitic spread of prostate carcinoma. The presentation of prostatic carcinoma as interstitial lung disease is rare, and emphasizes the importance of rectal examination and determination of acid phosphatase in the context of interstitial lung disease.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the prostate presenting as interstitial lung disease. 358 79

A study was made of the clinical features and therapeutic response of 144 patients from whose sputum Branhamella catarrhalis was isolated. Typically, features of bronchopulmonary infection with cough productive of moderate amounts of purulent sputum, fever and dyspnoea were present. Of 74 patients who were infected in the community, 50 required hospital admission. Nosocomial infection occurred in the remaining 70 patients. Most patients had chronic pulmonary diseases or carcinoma bronchus; pneumonia occurred in 12 patients. Acute tracheobronchitis developed in 4 healthy non-smokers after viral illnesses. B. catarrhalis contributed to the death of 8 patients. Overall, 59% of isolates produced beta-lactamase but the proportion had risen to 70% by the end of the study; half of these were community acquired. 41% of patients who were treated initially with ampicillin did not respond. Clavulanic acid plus amoxycillin, co-trimoxazole, erythromycin, tetracycline, cefuroxime and cefotaxime are useful alternative antibiotics. All strains of B. catarrhalis were resistant to trimethoprim.
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PMID:Bronchopulmonary infection due to B. catarrhalis. Clinical features and therapeutic response. 373 80

Laryngeal neoplasia was diagnosed in a 5-year-old domestic shorthair cat examined for cough and gagging episodes. Resection of the mass revealed a squamous carcinoma which had invaded the deep floor of the larynx. Primary neoplasia of the feline larynx is a rare condition but needs to be distinguished from other obstructive laryngeal conditions, using radiography, laryngoscopy and biopsy.
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PMID:Laryngeal carcinoma in a cat. 396 33

We report the case histories of four patients with endobronchial metastases from breast cancer, two of whom died of resultant respiratory insufficiency. To aid in earlier diagnosis and thus permit more rapid application of specific therapy, we characterized the epidemiology and presenting symptoms of these patients and 38 additional patients with endobronchial metastases from breast carcinoma that have been reported in the literature. The average age at presentation with endobronchial metastases was 55, and the average time from diagnosis of the breast primary lesion to the endobronchial metastasis was 77 months. Cough occurred in 71% of patients; wheezing and hemoptysis occurred in 25%. Segmental atelectasis occurred in 57% on chest roentgenogram. Average survival of patients from the time of diagnosis of endobronchial metastasis was 21 months; median survival was 19 months.
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PMID:Endobronchial metastases from carcinoma of the breast. 396 61

Since the late 1970's, there has been a remarkable decrease in the mortality of patients with esophageal cancer. Factors such as progress in pre- and post-operative management, operative technique, and anesthesia all play a contributory role in this improvement. Among 251 Japanese patients with esophageal carcinoma who underwent esophageal resection and reconstruction in our department of surgery since 1965, those treated from 1965-74 and others treated from 1975-1984 were investigated in detail. It became clear that pulmonary complications and anastomotic leakage were the two major complications related to operative mortality. The former has decreased by intensive postoperative care with strong emphasis on cough dynamics, and the latter because of the long gastric tube we devised and which has a good blood supply. These positive events make feasible early postoperative irradiation and cancer chemotherapy.
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PMID:Improved results of surgery for esophageal carcinoma in 148 patients. 403 63

A case of a large cell anaplastic carcinoma of the giant cell type in the lungs of a 5 year-old crossbred male Labrador is discussed. The dog was weak, depressed, febrile and markedly dyspnoeic. An intermittent moist cough and auscultable crackling rales were evident. Radiographic examination was indicative of pneumonia and pulmonic neoplasia. The dog died 36 hours after admission despite antibiotic and supportive therapy. At autopsy, the neoplasm appeared as numerous firm greyish-white nodules of varying size throughout all the lung lobes whilst in the right intermediate and diaphragmatic lobes the neoplasm was completely confluent. The microscopic features included: intra-alveolar composites of cells exhibiting considerable nuclear and cytoplasmic pleomorphism; the presence of numerous giant cells scattered throughout the tumour; the occurrence of tumour emboli within both venous and lymphatic vessels; and, metastatic foci in the bronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes. These features were considered to reflect a high degree of malignancy. Comparative and aetiological aspects of bronchogenic carcinomas in man and the dog are discussed.
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PMID:A pulmonary giant cell carcinoma in a dog. 407 38

Airways and lungs are equipped with a highly effective defense mechanism. These can bei found damaged in the aged: Cough is weaker, mucociliary clearance and mucous production are irregular. This damage can bei caused and increased by smoking, recurrent infection, and some sorts of air pollution (SO2). We call it a primary infection, when the organ has been intact as well as the general condition (immune defense etc), and where the causative agent is a virus or virus-like organism. A secondary infection is conditioned by previous disease, and when the causative agents are bacilli. Finally, a tertiary infection is dependent on a defense failure of the body and on opportunistic organisms. For elderly patients, secondary infections outweight the others (recurrent purulent bronchitits). However, tertiary infections must also bei considered in bedridden or post-operative patients or in those with metabolic disease. Finally, pneumonia in the aged must be differentiated in terms of underlying carcinoma, infarction, aspiration and tuberculosis. Therapy of primary (viral)infection consists mainly in prophylaxis of bacterial secondary infection. The choice of drug, dosage and duration of treatment depends on the degree of previous damage to the organ, of complications and status of the whole body and it's defense mechanisms.
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PMID:[Therapeutic principles of bronchopulmonary infections in the aged]. 613 61

Lymphangitic carcinomatosis is usually a late manifestation of metastatic disease. The patient usually presents with cough or dyspnea, and the chest radiograph is often nondiagnostic. Two patients are presented who developed symptoms while on adjuvant chemotherapy. Both had abnormal perfusion lung scans. One had matching ventilation defects; the other a normal ventilation study. Biopsy revealed metastatic carcinoma; in one case tumor was seen in both the pulmonary lymphatics and arterioles; in technique which can speed diagnosis and institution of therapy in lymphangitic carcinomatosis.
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PMID:Perfusion lung scan: an aid in detection of lymphangitic carcinomatosis. 621 Dec 24


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