Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine tumors (BP-NETs) comprise approximately 20% of all lung cancers and represent a spectrum of tumors arising from neuroendocrine cells of the BP-epithelium. Although they share structural, morphological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features, they are separated into 4 subgroups: typical carcinoid tumor (TC), atypical carcinoid tumor (AC), large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), and small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), which exhibit considerably different biological characteristics. The clinical presentation includes cough, hemoptysis, and obstructive pneumonia but varies depending on site, size, and growth pattern. Less than 5% of BP-NETs exhibit hormonally related symptoms such as carcinoid syndrome, Cushing, acromegaly, and SIADH. SCLC is the most common BP-NET, while LCNEC is rare, approximately 10% and < or =1%, respectively, of all lung cancers. Both SCLC and LCNEC progress rapidly, are aggressively metastatic, and exhibit a poor prognosis. The incidence of BP-carcinoids (TC and AC) in the US was 1.57 of 100,000 in 2003 (an unexplained and substantial increase over the last 30 years, approximately 6% per year). No curative treatment except for radical surgery (almost never feasible) exists. The slow-growing TC exhibit a fairly good prognosis ( approximately 88%, 5-year survival), whereas AC demonstrate a 5-year survival of approximately 50%, and the highly malignant LCNEC and SCLC5-year survival of 15% to 57% and <5%, respectively. This review provides a broad overview on BP-NETs and focuses on the evolution of the disease, general features, and current diagnostic and therapeutic options.
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PMID:Bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. 1847 55

A 19-year-old man presented with pneumonia, cough, and occasional dyspnea. Chest CT scan and bronchoscopy with biopsy revealed a typical carcinoid tumor obstructing the orifice of the right middle lobe, leading to lobar collapse. Preoperative surgical planning included radial endobronchial ultrasound, which confirmed that the tumor was not invasive into the bronchus intermedius. With that information, a video-assisted right middle lobectomy was performed with a wedge bronchoplasty in order to preserve the right lower lobe. The operation was performed completely thoracoscopically with three 1.2-cm ports and one 3.5-cm utility incision. With the intralobar pulmonary artery retracted, the bronchus was divided with a scalpel in wedge fashion to obtain a margin on the endobronchial tumor, and the defect was closed with absorbable suture. The patient recovered without complication and was doing well at 8-month follow-up, without evidence of recurrent disease.
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PMID:Endobronchial ultrasound-facilitated video-assisted lobectomy with wedge bronchoplasty for typical carcinoid tumor of the right middle lobe. 1857 89

A 68 yr. old lady suffered from chronic cough. Bronchiectasis was diagnosed and treated with physiotherapy. Coughing persisted over years, although an asthma disease was controlled by inhalation, a carcinoid tumor was surgically removed, and a coronary artery disease was treated by revasculating surgery. Antibiotics and systemic corticosteroids did not relieve symptoms either. After all, diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea led to symptom free life. We assume micro-aspiration during periods of apnea being the cause of the coughing.
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PMID:[Persistent cough and bronchiectasis]. 1859 59

Bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors are found in less than 2 of 100,000 people yearly and comprise approximately 1-2% of all lung neoplasms. They are usually diagnosed in the fifth decade of life and occur more frequently in women. Most are central and endobronchial in location. The symptoms presented are those associated with bronchial obstruction, such as coughing, wheezing, and dyspnea. Over one-third of patients are asymptomatic and have an incidentally detected peripheral pulmonary nodule. Diagnosis is usually made by bronchoscopy with bronchial brushings or biopsy. We present the cytologic imprint findings of a case of a 66-year-old man with an atypical giant bronchopulmonary carcinoid with extensive oncocytic component, who underwent a total right pneumonectomy.
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PMID:Cytologic imprints of giant atypical bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumor of the lung with extensive oncocytic component. 1885 6

In cases of recent asthma in which clinical control with the usual treatment (corticosteroids and bronchodilator) is unsatisfactory, it is important to consider other diagnoses, such as congestive heart failure, gastroesophageal reflux or other forms of airway obstruction. We report the case of a female patient with mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the trachea mimicking asthma. The patient presented cough and wheezing, as well as abnormal spirometry results with an obstructive pattern that was responsive to bronchodilators. One year later, the patient presented clinical and spirometric worsening. The chest X-ray revealed no abnormalities. A CT scan showed a vegetative lesion obstructing the tracheal lumen and located 1 cm from the carina. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy showed a finding similar to a bronchial carcinoid tumor. The anatomopathological diagnosis made after surgical resection was low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma, without lymph node involvement. Although the flow-volume curve was not suggestive of upper airway obstruction, the spirometry performed after the surgery showed a significant reduction in the degree of obstruction and greater reversibility after bronchodilator use. There was no evidence of recurrence of the disease or of the symptoms after a two-year follow-up period.
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PMID:Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the trachea mimicking asthma. 1939 Jul 28

We describe 10 cases of primary well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (carcinoid tumor) of the lung with extensive sclerotic changes. The patients were 6 women and 4 men from 20 to 69 years of age. Clinically, patients had symptoms of bronchial obstruction such as cough, dyspnea, and chest pain. Surgical resection of the tumors was accomplished in all the cases. Histologically, all tumors corresponded to the well-differentiated type; however, in 4 cases, lymph node metastases were present. Immunohistochemically, all tumors showed positive staining for neuroendocrine markers, including chromogranin, synaptophysin, CD56, and broad-spectrum keratin. Follow-up information showed that 8 patients were alive after a period ranging from 1 to 5 years. The cases presented highlight an important feature of neuroendocrine carcinomas of the lung not previously addressed, one that may pose a problem not only in the diagnosis but also in the grading of these neoplasms.
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PMID:Primary sclerosing neuroendocrine carcinomas of the lung: A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 10 cases. 2023 15

Synchronous bilateral multiple carcinoid tumors of the lung are uncommon. We report an unusual case of synchronous, bilateral, and multiple typical pulmonary carcinoids. A 58-year-old woman with cough and chest pain was admitted to our clinic. A thoracic computed tomographic scan showed multiple bilateral nodular lesions. Bronchoscopic evaluation was normal. We performed sequential bilateral thoracotomies, frozen section examination, wedge resection, and lymphadenectomy. Histopathologic examinations revealed typical carcinoid tumor in both lungs. No pathologic lesions were observed in 18-month postoperative follow-up. We discuss treatment of synchronous bilateral multiple carcinoid tumors.
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PMID:Synchronous bilateral multiple typical pulmonary carcinoid tumors. 2033 56

Mediastinal masses present challenging problems in thoracic practice. Most of them remain asymptomatic for long and by the time the pressure symptoms develop, these are quite advanced. Carcinoids arising from the mediastinum are invariably related to thymus. Non-thymic origin of mediastinal carcinoids is rare, especially in the posterior mediastinum. Only two cases of posterior mediastinal carcinoids have been reported so far. These were assumed to be arising from ectopic thymus tissue. We report a case of a 45-year-old woman who presented with dyspnoea and dry cough due to giant carcinoid tumour of the mediastinum, the pedicle originating from the posterior mediastinum, not related to thymus. She underwent thoracotomy and resection that provided relief. The immunochemical studies revealed positive reaction to cytokeratin, chromogranins and synaptophysin, and negative reaction to S100, CD99 (MIC2) confirming the tumour being neuroendocrine in nature.
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PMID:Primary carcinoid of posterior mediastinum: truth or myth! 2130 2

Pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors comprise 20% of all lung cancers. They are separated into 4 subgroups: typical carcinoid tumor, atypical carcinoid tumor, large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and small-cell lung carcinoma. The major symptoms present in 60% of patients are cough, hemoptysis, and obstructive pneumonia. They may also exhibit hormonally related symptoms e.g. carcinoid syndrome. Small cell lung cancer is the most common subgroup, with rapid progression, aggressive metastatic potential and the worst prognosis. Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is rare but also has a poor prognosis. Typical carcinoid may be accompanied with hormone related symptoms and has the best prognosis; atypical one on the contrary may cause lymph node and distant metastases in half of the cases. Elevated plasma levels of chromogranin-A are present in majority of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors and act as tumor marker. The mainstay of treatment is radical surgery if possible. In locally advanced or metastatic disease combination chemotherapy and somatostatin-analogues may have beneficial effect. This review focuses on the general features, and current diagnostic options of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors.
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PMID:[Symptoms and diagnostics of lung neuroendocrine tumors]. 2135 52

A 3-y-old male rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) was noticed to be lethargic in the compound. Physical exam revealed cyanotic mucous membranes, dyspnea, bilateral harsh lung sounds, wheezing on expiration, and a firm mass possibly associated with the liver. Radiographs revealed bilateral soft tissue opacities in the thorax. Due to poor prognosis, the rhesus was euthanized, and a necropsy was performed. Both right and left lung lobes were consolidated and had multifocal white-tan masses. On cut section, the masses were firm, had areas of necrosis, hemorrhage, and often contained a tenacious exudate. Masses were identified in the liver and both kidneys. Given the morphologic features of the neoplasm, a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma was made. Immunohistochemistry staining for thyroid transcription factor, a nuclear transcription factor normally found in lung, thyroid, and tumors arising from either of those tissues, confirmed that the masses originated from the lung. Malignant primary lung tumors are divided into 8 main histologic subtypes: squamous cell carcinoma, small-cell carcinoma, large-cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, sarcomatoid carcinoma, carcinoid tumor, and salivary gland tumors. Clinical signs associated with lung tumors include, but are not limited to, dyspnea, coughing, hemoptysis, lethargy, anorexia, and weight loss. Although squamous cell carcinoma will be low on the differential list for these clinical signs, we encourage clinicians and researchers to not rule it out solely based on incidence and age of the animal.
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PMID:Spontaneous primary squamous cell carcinoma of the lung in a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). 2164 39


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