Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pulmonary carcinoid tumors are neuroendocrine malignant tumors that make up 1% to 2% of all lung tumors. According to histopathologic criteria, carcinoids can be divided into typical (TC) and atypical (AC) carcinoids. Carcinoids can be placed in a spectrum of neuroendocrine tumors, ranging from low-grade malignant TC to intermediate AC to high-grade large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and small-cell lung carcinoma. Familial pulmonary carcinoids are rare. The most common symptoms are hemoptysis, cough, recurrent pulmonary infection, fever, chest discomfort and chest pain, unilateral wheezing, and shortness of breath. Paraneoplastic syndromes are rare and include carcinoid syndrome, Cushing's syndrome, and ectopic growth hormone-releasing hormone secretion. The diagnosis is usually established by flexible bronchoscopy and biopsy, although occasionally this can result in severe hemorrhage. Immunoscintigraphy by somatostatin analogs can also be useful in diagnosis. The treatment of choice is surgical resection, and prognosis is relatively good in TC, although it is worse in AC. The role of radiotherapy and chemotherapy as part of multimodality treatment or palliation is still debated.
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PMID:Update in pulmonary carcinoid tumors: a review article. 1283 56

A case of cystic sclerosing hemangioma of the lung is reported. A chest X-ray of a 55-year-old woman who had been suffering from a cough with sputum for several months revealed an abnormal nodular shadow. A chest CT scan revealed a solitary tumor with cystic appearance occupying S7 of the right lung and the inferior pulmonary ligament. Radiological differential diagnosis for the lesion included bronchogenic cyst, cystic Schwannoma, pulmonary necrotic carcinoid, and lung carcinoma. Right lower lobectomy was carried out and the lesion was pathologically diagnosed as sclerosing hemangioma of the lung with cystic features, expanding into the pulmonary ligament. Differential diagnosis of the cystic lesion of the lung should include cystic sclerosing hemangioma as observed in this case.
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PMID:Sclerosing hemangioma of the lung with cystic appearance. 1294 64

A case of pulmonary tumorlets with ectopic adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) production and lymph node metastasis in a bronchiectatic patient is reported. A 65-year-old man underwent right lower lobe lobectomy because of a sudden attack of cough and hemoptysis. Histological study revealed multiple discrete uniform small nests of tumor cells surrounding dilated bronchioles. Tumor nests were also found in the hilar lymph node. Immunohistochemically, the proliferating cells were confirmed to be neuroendocrine in origin with ectopic ACTH production, despite being clinically silent. The findings in the present case suggest that the clinical behavior of pulmonary tumorlets may be like a carcinoid, and need to be treated as tumor-like lesions. Ectopic hormonal production in the present case suggests pulmonary tumorlets should be considered in the differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome.
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PMID:Adrenocorticotropin-producing pulmonary tumorlets with lymph node metastasis. 1462 55

A 31-year-old man presented with coughing and fever. Bronchoscopy and resection of the left upper lobe revealed an obstruction by a typical carcinoid.
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PMID:[Diagnostic image (220). A young man with an obstructing lung tumor]. 1563 75

15 cases of pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (carcinoid-tumorlets, diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia/DIPNECH) and 20 neuroendocrine pulmonary tumors (10 carcinoid tumors, 5 large cell neuroendocrine, and 5 small cell neuroendocrine lung carcinomas) were immunohistochemically analyzed for the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, = HER-1). All cases of neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia exhibited a maximum EGFR expression (score 3 in 100% of cells) showing predominantly membranous, partly cytoplasmic staining. 4 ot the 10 carcinoid tumors were strongly positive for EGFR, whereas the other 6 were EGFR-negative. A total of 90% of large cell neuroendocrine and small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas were negative for EGFR. Overexpression of EGFR in pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia might be significant for the pathogenesis of these lesions. As DIPNECH is characterized by clinical signs and symptoms including mild cough and obstructive functional impairment, a specific antagonistic therapeutic trial could aim at blocking EGFR/HER-1 or its subsequent signal transduction pathway.
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PMID:[EGFR-expression in pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia]. 1643 94

Two cases of primary neuroendocrine carcinoma (carcinoid tumor) arising in the walls of a multilocular thymic cyst (MTC) are described. The patients were 2 men, ages 36 and 44 years. Clinically, the patients had chest pain, cough, and dyspnea. Radiographic evaluation demonstrated the presence of anterior mediastinal tumor in both patients, and complete surgical resection of the tumor mass was performed. The tumors measured approximately 6 and 8 cm in greatest dimension and were cystic with solid areas but did not show areas of necrosis or hemorrhage. Histologic examination revealed a cystic tumor with features similar to those previously described for MTCs. In addition, in the walls of the cystic structures, there was cellular proliferation arranged in a nesting growth pattern, similar to the more solid areas of the tumor. The tumor was characterized by a homogenous cellular proliferation with mild cellular atypia and no more than 2 mitotic figures per 10 high-power fields. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells showed strong positive reactions for keratin and neuroendocrine markers, ie, chromogranin and synaptophysin. Both patients were alive after periods of 12 and 18 months.
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PMID:Cystic well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (carcinoid tumor): a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of two cases. 1688 Jan 46

A 19-year-old man presented with a rare skull metastasis from atypical pulmonary carcinoid tumor (APCT) manifesting as headache, diplopia, and cough. Head magnetic resonance imaging showed a skull base tumor extending from the posterior clinoid process to the clivus, and calvarial tumors in the right temporal and occipital bones. Chest and abdominal computed tomography showed a round tumor, 4 cm in diameter, in the lower lobe of the right lung and multiple small tumors in the liver. Surgery for the calvarial tumor in the right temporal bone was performed on June 27, 2003. The histological diagnosis was skull metastasis of neuroendocrine tumor. Gamma knife radiosurgery was performed for the residual skull metastases. Partial resection of the right lower lobe was performed for the lung tumor on August 22, 2003. The histological diagnosis was atypical carcinoid tumor. Subsequent adjuvant systematic chemotherapy was performed. The patient died of progression of the tumors in the lung and liver on April 19, 2004. We must consider APCT in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary tumors in adolescents, and perform follow-up observation or treatment, including surgery, if APCT is suspected.
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PMID:Skull metastases from atypical pulmonary carcinoid tumor in a 19-year-old man. 1718 89

Extracutaneous glomus tumors are unusual and their occurrence in bronchus has been recognized with rarity. We present the clinical and pathological features of a case with bronchial glomus tumor. A 67-year-old man was admitted with a symptom of cough, and his chest CT scan and fiberoptic bronchoscopy demonstrated a localized polypoid tumor in the right superior bronchial trunk. Histology of the biopsy specimen by bronchoscopy was demonstrated as a typical carcinoid tumor. The tumor was surgically resected by a segmental resection of the right superior bronchial trunk and end-to-end anastomosis was followed to reconstruct the airway tract through a standard right side thoracotomy approach. The pathological and immunohistochemical findings resulted in the diagnosis of the tumor as a bronchial glomus tumor.
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PMID:A bronchial glomus tumor surgically treated with segmental resection. 1767 May 62

A 44-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with cough and sputum symptoms. After observing bilateral masses in the chest X-ray, a tomography scan of the thorax revealed bilateral tumors. Bronchoscopic biopsies were performed. The histopathological examination showed bilateral typical carcinoid tumors. A left lower lobectomy and a right upper sleeve lobectomy were carried out subsequently. No pathological lesions were observed one year after the operation.
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PMID:Synchronous bilateral typical carcinoid tumors of the lung. 1820 Apr 74

Primary tumors of the trachea are rare and can be missed because of the paucity of symptoms and findings and the difficulty in detecting them with chest radiographs. A 31-year-old male patient was admitted with complaints of shortness of breath, coughing, phlegm, and blood in the sputum. He stated that he was being treated for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed a vegetative mass with a wide base on the posterolateral wall of the distal one-third of the trachea. Postoperative histopathological examination revealed a typical carcinoid tumor. In patients with an unexplained cough, dyspnea, infrequent hemoptysis, and normal pulmonary imaging findings, tracheal carcinoma should be suspected. In such cases, early thoracic computed tomography and bronchoscopic examination can provide a rapid diagnosis and treatment options and prevent a false diagnosis.
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PMID:A primary tracheal carcinoid tumor masquerading as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 1841 59


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