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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chondrosarcoma is second in frequency only to osteogenic sarcoma as a malignant tumor of bone, and constitutes 17 to 22% of all bone tumors. However, chondrosarcoma is the most common malignant tumor of the sternum or rib. The natural history of chest wall chondrosarcoma is one of slow growth and local recurrence. Wide excision is the main treatment, but usually plastic surgery is needed for chest wall reconstruction. A 29-year-old male patient visited to local clinic due to URI symptoms (eg: cough, rhinorrhea). Routine chest X-ray examination showed a huge tumor within L't chest cavity and chondrosarcoma was proved via tissue biopsy. P't underwent surgery for total removal of the tumor and corresponding rib (3rd rib) and the chest wall defect was repaired with bovine pericardium. So far, after follow-up and treatment for 4 months, there is no evidence of recurrence.
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PMID:[Chondrosarcoma of the rib--a case report]. 280 67

Major changes have recently occurred in the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of primary lesions of the mediastinum. New diagnostic techniques and improved therapy have led to more objective preoperative diagnoses as well as better long-term results. These features are clearly demonstrated in a series of 400 consecutive patients with primary lesions of the mediastinum seen at Duke University Medical Center. Of these, 99 (25%) had a primary cystic lesion. The primary tumors included thymic neoplasms (17%), neurogenic tumors (14%), lymphoma (16%), germ cell tumors (11%), and a miscellaneous group. Malignant neoplasms were present in 166 patients (42%). The anterosuperior mediastinum was the most commonly involved site of a primary cyst or neoplasm (54%), followed by the posterior mediastinum (26%) and the middle mediastinum (20%). Symptoms were present in 62% of the patients and included chest pain (30%), dyspnea (16%), fever and chills (20%), and cough (16%). Of the lesions found on routine chest roentgenograms, 83% were benign. In contrast, 57% of the lesions in symptomatic patients were malignant. Prior to 1967, 94% of asymptomatic lesions were benign, but this figure has now decreased to 76%. Fifty percent of symptomatic patients had a malignant neoplasm before 1967 compared with 62% after that year. Newer diagnostic techniques have greatly enhanced the accuracy of the preoperative diagnosis. They include radioisotopic scanning, monoclonal antibodies, hormonal assay, electron microscopy, fine-needle aspiration biopsy, computed tomographic scans, and magnetic resonance imaging. Each has a definite role and is specifically illustrated as being quite important in this series.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Primary cysts and neoplasms of the mediastinum: recent changes in clinical presentation, methods of diagnosis, management, and results. 282 Mar 23

The authors identified all newly diagnosed lung cancer cases in New Hampshire and Vermont for the period 1973 through 1976 and abstracted clinical data on presenting symptoms and findings from their hospital records. Microscopy slides were also reviewed, when possible, to confirm cell type. The most frequent presenting symptoms were weight loss (46%) and cough (45%). Other common symptoms were dyspnea (37%), weakness (34%), chest pain (27%), and hemoptysis (27%). The presence of symptoms and findings was in general related to disease stage but bore little relationship to cell type. These results differ from those of previously reported case series that were based on surgical, radiation therapy, or Veterans Hospital groups, but the current data agree closely with those from another population-based series in Finland.
Cancer 1985 Oct 15
PMID:Presenting conditions of 1539 population-based lung cancer patients by cell type and stage in New Hampshire and Vermont. 299 57

An analysis of 32 hospitalized infants and children from whom rhinoviruses were isolated in our diagnostic laboratories in 1982-83 suggests that these agents are associated with lower respiratory tract disease with focal findings in susceptible patients. In 23 cases, an acute lower respiratory disease was the cause for admission, while nine patients were cultured after new respiratory symptoms developed during hospitalization. Presenting signs and symptoms included cough (23), fever (19), rhinorrhea (19), respiratory distress (14), and decreased feeding (15). Seventeen of 25 chest x-rays showed new focal abnormalities. Twenty-five patients had a significant underlying disease including seven with malignancies, six with respiratory tract abnormalities, and four with congenital heart lesions. Six of the remaining seven patients were less than 2 1/2 months of age. In no cases were significant bacterial or fungal pathogens isolated; two did have concomitant viral isolates. Rhinoviruses in the appropriate clinical setting are associated with significant pulmonary disease.
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PMID:The association of rhinoviruses with lower respiratory tract disease in hospitalized patients. 301 39

Six patients receiving CDDP, MMC, and CPM chemotherapy for adjuvant chemotherapy after a resection due to lung cancer developed interstitial pneumonia. They were re-admitted for dyspnea, shortness of breath, and dry cough from 80 to 118 days from start of their treatment. On re-admission, their chest radiographs showed reticular infiltrates, and their laboratory data showed severe hypoxemia. The pathological findings of a transbronchial lung biopsy showed a thickening of the alveolar septa. Steroid therapy resulted in a complete resolution in one patient and a partial resolution the 5 others. One year later, two patients had died, one patient remains in complete resolution, but a shortness of breath still exists in the remaining three patients. Considering the disadvantages of that shortness of breath can cause to daily life, we should be more cautious about administering antineoplastic agents for adjuvant chemotherapy to patients with a cancer in an early stage.
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PMID:[Interstitial pneumonia after CMC (CDDP, MMC, CPM) therapy]. 312 31

A health survey of 2,039 persons in 606 households located near the Stringfellow Hazardous Waste Disposal site, Riverside County, California, and in a reference community was conducted to assess whether rates of adverse health outcomes were elevated among persons living near the site. Data included a household questionnaire, medical records of reported cancers and pregnancies, and birth and death certificates. The study areas appeared similar with respect to mortality, cancer incidence, and pregnancy outcomes. In contrast, rate ratios were greater than 1.5 for 5 of 19 reported diseases, i.e., ear infections, bronchitis, asthma, angina pectoris, and skin rashes. Prevalence odds ratios for 23 symptoms were uniformly greater than 1.0, and 8 symptoms had odds ratios greater than 1.5: blurred vision, pain in ears, daily cough for more than a month, nausea, frequent diarrhea, unsteady when walking, and frequent urination. The apparent broad-based elevation in reported diseases and symptoms may reflect increased perception or recall of conditions by respondents living near the site. These results indicate that future community-based health studies should include medical and psychosocial assessment instruments sufficient to distinguish between changes in health status and effects of resident reporting tendency.
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PMID:A health study of two communities near the Stringfellow Waste Disposal site. 317 89

A series of 38 patients with solid tumours (N=29) and haematological malignancies (N=9) and with suspicion of cardiotoxicity (CTX) due to antineoplastic drugs was studied. The series comprised 22 females and 16 males (mean age 52 years). The patients were examined clinically by ECG, chest X-ray and echocardiography. Seventeen patients were classified as having moderate or severe chronic CTX; 16 patients developed either arrhythmias shortly after the administration of chemotherapy (acute CTX) or arrhythmias and/or signs of myocardial dysfunction (without overt congestive heart failure) at a later date, after chemotherapy had been suspended (latent CTX). In 5 cases the suspicion of CTX could not be confirmed. Weak and non-specific symptoms such as unexplained tachycardia or coughing at night should alert the clinician and result in ECG control and further non-invasive cardiological investigations (including radionuclide angiocardiography) before additional anthracycline is administered. Chest X-ray is a very insensitive method with respect to early diagnosis of chronic CTX; in cases of doubt heart catheterization with endomyocardial biopsy should be carried out to obtain a reliable estimate of the extent of morphological damage. As anthracycline CTX may present without prominent clinical symptoms or as latent disease, one should be aware of potential precipitating factors such as volume load (during i.v. chemotherapy), surgical trauma and general anaesthesia and alcohol abuse. Further effects to lessen CTX should be made, using supposed cardio-protective substances in randomized clinical trials. Promising research on coenzyme Q10 and carnitine may usher in a new era in the prevention of anthracycline cardiotoxicity.
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PMID:Clinical and non-invasive assessment of anthracycline cardiotoxicity: perspectives on myocardial protection. 345 18

Between 1976 and 1983, 53 cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were documented at the Mayo Clinic. Underlying diseases included leukemia in 15 patients, lymphoma in nine, nonhematologic malignancies in five, acquired immune deficiency syndrome in two, an various inflammatory diseases treated by corticosteroids in 16 patients. Cytotoxic drugs with corticosteroids were used in 68 percent of patients, whereas 23 percent received corticosteroids alone. Clinical features consisted of progressive dyspnea (74 percent), cough (55 percent), and fever (62 percent), with normal findings on examination (43 percent), or crackles (53 percent). Arterial oxygen tension and oxygen saturation were 48.6 +/- 12.8 mm Hg and 81.2 +/- 6.5 percent, respectively. Chest roentgenographs exhibited diffuse alveolar and interstitial infiltrates with predominantly perihilar distribution. The diagnostic rates for open lung biopsy and bronchoscopy were 97 percent and 62 percent, respectively. Clinical improvement and survival following appropriate therapy were noted in 22 patients (41.5 percent), whereas the remaining 31 patients died within four weeks of hospitalization. When survivors were compared with nonsurvivors, there was no difference in mean age, leukocyte counts, arterial oxygen tension, or duration of symptoms before treatment. A coexisting pulmonary infection was identified more frequently in nonsurvivors (51.6 percent) than in survivors (22.7 percent, p = 0.01). The mortality from P. carinii pneumonia alone was 47 percent, whereas 76 percent of those with coexisting infection died. Despite antibiotic therapy and potentially effective chemoprophylaxis, P. carinii pneumonia remains a significant and life-threatening complication of diseases or treatments associated with immune suppression.
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PMID:Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Review of 53 cases. 349 44

A 32-year-old primigravida presented with cough and dyspnea at 16 weeks' gestation. Chest roentgenogram revealed a large pleural effusion and diffuse interstitial infiltrates. Moderate arterial hypoxemia and a significant reduction in vital capacity were present. Thoracentesis revealed sterile chyle with no evidence of malignancy. Spontaneous delivery of a healthy infant occurred at 38 weeks, but no change was seen in either the pulmonary infiltrates or chylothorax. Open lung biopsy confirmed the clinical impression of pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis, and a pleurodesis was performed. Progesterone and estrogen receptor assays on the lung biopsy material revealed only minimal binding. Following two years of therapy with tamoxifen citrate and megestrol acetate, the chylothorax has not recurred, and there has been no other appreciable change in pulmonary function.
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PMID:Pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis complicating pregnancy. A case report. 362 22

The records of 30 patients with mediastinal masses were reviewed to evaluate the signs, symptoms, and preoperative tests that were most useful in diagnosing and localizing the masses. Sixteen (53%) of the tumors were benign, and 14 (47%) were malignant. Twenty patients were seen with symptoms. The most common symptoms suggesting malignancy were pain, weight loss, fever, and cough. Four of the 5 patients who were truly asymptomatic had benign lesions. All 4 patients with palpable adenopathy had malignant tumors. Posteroanterior and lateral chest roentgenograms detected the mediastinal mass in 29 (97%) of the 30 patients. All patients were operated on for tissue diagnosis or resection (13, median sternotomy; 8, right thoracotomy; 3, left thoracotomy; 2, low anterior cervical approach). Eight patients underwent mediastinoscopy, which was diagnostic in 6 and obviated the need for operation in 4. It was of particular value for patients with lymphoma, who can be managed without resection.
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PMID:Standard biplane roentgenography is highly sensitive in documenting mediastinal masses. 363 8


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