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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A follow-up study of lung function tests and dust measurements was undertaken in ginnery workers employed in five ginning factories. Respiratory symptoms and respiratory function tests (FEV1 and FVC) were first recorded in 1967 on a total of 382 workers (323 permanently employed ginnery workers, 35 seasonal farfara workers, and 24 fire brigade men as controls). In 1969 after a six-month break from ginning before the start of the season, a follow-up study of lung function tests was undertaken on 96% of the same workers (306 ginnery workers, 35 farfara, and 24 fire brigade men). Because of the lapse of two years a new adjustment for age and height was made so as to compare the FEV1 measured in the follow-up study. The fire brigade men showed an expected fall in FEV1 during the two-year period, whereas the ginnery workers showed a rise presumably because they had had no dust exposure during the previous six months. The differences between the degree of change in these groups were statistically significant. In 1967 only the fine dust (less than 7 mum) was measured, while in 1969 the concentration of fine and medium dust, that is, less fly was measured. The factories were divided into three groups according to dust concentration. Comparison between the three factory groups and farfara shows a positive association between the level of dust concentration less fly and the prevalence of cough and phlegm. Since age did not appear to be a significant factor in the prevalence of byssinosis, comparisons between permanent workers in these three groups of factories and farfara workers taken separately were made without age standardization. The overall differences were statistically significant. There was a marked trend showing a positive association between prevalence of byssinosis and level of cotton dust concentration in the factories. The correlation between dust levels and the prevalence of byssinosis was nearly perfect when the time factor was included.
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PMID:Byssinosis: a follow-up study of cotton ginnery workers in the Sudan. 96 1

This is the first epidemiologic study conducted in a textile mill in Nicaragua using techniques and diagnostic criteria similar to those used in the United States and England. The prevalence of byssinosis and nonspecific respiratory symptoms were studied in 194 workers in a cotton mill in Managua. Limited environmental sampling, performed using a vertical elutriator in yarn preparation and weaving areas, indicated that exposures were similar to those reported in other parts of the developing world. A modified translated version of the Medical Research Council respiratory questionnaire was administered. Pulmonary function tests were performed before and after the Monday workshift to measure across-shift change in ventilatory function. The prevalence of byssinosis was 5.9% and all the cases occurred among exposed women. Nonspecific respiratory symptoms were also more prevalent among exposed workers. After adjusting for age, gender, smoking habit, and work tenure, the exposure odds ratios for usual cough and usual phlegm were 3.3 and 2.2, respectively. The association between exposure and across-shift decrement in FEV1 was not significant. Byssinotic workers, however, had greater decrements in FEV1% than those without byssinosis: 5.5% versus 1.8%. A consistent gender effect was observed in which both exposed and unexposed women were found to have greater across-shift decrements in FEV1 than men. The gender difference existed among long-term workers as well as workers who had been employed less than 2 years. Results are related to cotton dust exposure, as has been documented elsewhere. The poorer health status of the women in this study population deserves follow-up.
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PMID:Respiratory disease in a textile factory in Nicaragua. 195 67

Jute is extensively cultivated and processed in Burma, as well as "lower-grade" cotton. This study was conducted there to compare dust exposure in jute and cotton mills, to study the acute and chronic effects of dust exposure on workers, and to establish exposure-response relationship. A sample of 799 male and female workers in two jute mills and two cotton textile mills, as well as a control group of 153 matching subjects, was examined, and dust exposure in the work environment was evaluated. Very high dust concentrations existed in the early stages of jute processing and sorting, which were reduced when jute fibers got cleaner, as in drawing and spinning, and were related to the grade of the processed fiber. Much lower concentrations of dust existed in the cotton mills, but exceeded the TLV (ACGIH) only in opening and cleaning and in carding operations. However, byssinosis occurred only in workers exposed to cotton dust, particularly among males, and its prevalence was related to the level and duration of dust exposure. Chronic bronchitis, cough and wheezing occurred at higher rates among all workers than in the control, while irritation to nose and throat, eyes and skin prevailed only among jute workers. A significant reduction in FVC, FEV1.0 and PEF (before and during shift) was observed in workers compared to control subjects, and was related to workers' exposure and age; however, this reduction was not related to symptoms of different respiratory conditions. "Cheroots" smoking was found to be an important potentiating factor in the occurrence of non-specific respiratory diseases and reduction in FEV1.0, particularly among jute workers.
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PMID:A comparative environmental and medical study of dust exposure in jute and cotton mills in Burma. 215 53

Byssinosis, a respiratory disease of workers on cotton, flax, and soft hemp, is classically characterized as shortness of breath, cough, and chest tightness on Mondays or the first day of return to work after a time off. Exposure to these vegetable dusts can also result in other respiratory diseases, and the term cotton dust-induced respiratory disease (CDIRD) is introduced. Although clinically characterized for more than a century, the underlying pathogenesis of CDIRD remains obscure. An allergic pathogenesis has been proposed. This article reviews previous and current research findings supporting this mechanism and raises the possibility that, in some individuals, CDIRD may be due to pre-existing or occupationally induced mold allergy.
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PMID:Immunologic responses to inhaled cotton dust. 351 2

Acute exposures to hemp dust, in healthy subjects as well as hemp workers with byssinosis, resulted in two different responses. Men with symptoms (chest tightness, coughing, and wheezing) after exposure showed decreases of forced expiratory volumes (FEV(1.0)), flow rates on maximum expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curves, and of vital capacity (VC), while airway conductance (Gaw: TGV ratio) did not decrease significantly ("flow rate response"). Men without symptoms after exposure showed no changes of VC, FEV(1.0), and MEFV curves, but had a significantly decreased airway conductance ("conductance response"). The flow rate response is attributed to a pharmacological bronchoconstrictor effect of hemp dust on small airways, the conductance response to a mechanical or reflex effect of hemp dust on large airways. Both responses were abolished by a bronchodilator drug. The type of response reflects a difference between individuals and is not related to age, smoking habits, or prior exposure history. Men with normal control function data had either a flow rate or a conductance response. All men with abnormal control data had a flow rate response.Long-term hemp dust exposure causes irreversible obstructive lung disease, in particular among men who respond to acute dust exposure with symptoms and flow rate decreases. The detection of this response, with FEV(1.0) measurements and MEFV curves, is essential in the study of byssinosis. Decreases of airway conductance after dust exposure have no consistent relation to the development of clinical symptoms. The relative value of measurements of maximum expiratory flow rates and of airway conductance in other lung diseases needs to be reassessed.
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PMID:Respiratory mechanics and dust exposure in byssinosis. 540 99

We explored the relationship between a number of respiratory symptoms or symptom complexes (e.g., cough, recent wheeze, byssinosis) and lung function in white cotton textile workers (CTW) and control subjects 45 yr of age or older. The CTW were studied in 1973 and in 1979 in Columbia, South Carolina, and the control subjects were studied in 1972 and in 1978 in Lebanon, Connecticut. The CTW had a high prevalence of byssinosis (18%) and other symptoms. For each symptom or symptom complex, among persons with the symptom, CTW had lower lung function on the average than did control subjects. Also, among persons without the particular symptom, CTW had lower lung function than did control subjects. This pattern also occurred for persons without any respiratory symptoms (i.e., asymptomatic). Moreover, persons (CTW or control subjects separately) reporting the presence of a particular symptom had, in general, lower lung function than did those without the symptom. Among nonsmokers, all these same patterns usually held, but differences were often not statistically significant because of the small numbers of persons with symptoms. We conclude that on a group basis, respiratory function is more impaired in CTW than in control subjects with respiratory symptoms, that respiratory function is more impaired in persons (CTW or control subjects) with symptoms than in those without, and that even asymptomatic CTW have significantly greater lung function impairment than do control subjects.
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PMID:The relationship of respiratory symptoms and lung function loss in cotton textile workers. 674 14

This prospective 5-yr follow-up study of 1,241 textile workers from three mills was designed to determine the pattern and course of byssinosis in India and to distinguish this disease from chronic bronchitis. The initial prevalence of byssinosis was 14% in carding sections, 10% in spinning sections, and 11% in winding sections. In these dusty sections, the prevalences of both byssinosis and bronchitis increased with a longer service. Among workers with byssinosis; 56% had work-related and exertional dyspnea, 54% had chest tightness, 20% had wheezing, and 36% had cough. There was a history of Monday sickness in 22%. During follow-up it was confirmed that the atypical presentation of byssinosis with cough was more common in the carding department. The yearly decrease in pulmonary function was correlated with duration and degree of exposure to cotton dust. Thus, the decrease was larger in carding workers and in workers with byssinosis plus cough than in those with byssinosis or bronchitis. The yearly decrease in the one-second forced expiratory volume was different (p less than 0.05) for subjects with nonspecific chest symptoms (88 ml) and subjects with work-related chest symptoms (114 ml). The decreases in forced vital capacity and one-second forced expiratory volume were larger for increased dust loads. Fewer pulmonary infiltrates were seen in radiographs of workers with byssinosis than in those of workers with bronchitis. The immunoglobulins studied in 86 textiles workers and 17 control subjects showed higher IgG values among workers with work-related symptoms, especially cough, but not among those with bronchitic symptoms (p less than 0.01). Our results suggested that byssinosis is an entity distinct from chronic bronchitis.
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PMID:Distinguishing byssinosis from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Results of a prospective five-year study of cotton mill workers in India. 725 17

As part of a 1992 survey of both environmental and occupational determinants of health, 973 non-smoking women aged 20-40 years who were employed in three comparable modern Chinese cotton textile mills were given a questionnaire that included questions on standard respiratory history and symptoms. All women had some potential exposure to cotton dust; mean employment was 8.7 years. Comparisons were made between those with lowest or no current exposure (job classification in administration, quality control, and testing, n = 112) and those in the more heavily exposed classifications (yarn production areas, n = 861). Association of symptoms with job was tested by logistic regression, adjusting for age, passive smoking at home, and the use of home coal burning stoves. Odds ratios for prevalence of current frequent symptoms in those working in production jobs, after adjustment for home exposure to passive tobacco smoke and coal heating, were frequent cough 2.23 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.05-4.75), frequent phlegm 3.24 (1.54-6.84), shortness of breath 4.54 (1.40-14.72), and wheeze 2.96 (1.16-7.55). Nine cases with grade I byssinosis (chest tightness or shortness of breath on return to work after two days off) were found; all were in production jobs. In these non-smoking women textile workers, chronic respiratory symptoms were associated with job category after correction for domestic indoor air quality. These data support evidence for an increased prevalence of respiratory disease in populations exposed to cotton dust.
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PMID:Women's respiratory health in the cotton textile industry: an analysis of respiratory symptoms in 973 non-smoking female workers. 812 56

Sixty new employees in a cotton textile mill were followed up for five years to study their occurrence of byssinosis and its natural history. Results showed that the workers complained more cough, expectoration and other respiratory irritation symptoms at their early exposure to cotton dust, and the frequency of chest tightness in them reached the peak one year after exposure and remained at higher level later. Stratified analysis showed that all the respiratory symptoms did not correlate with their smoking habits, specific body constitution, etc. Forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1) after shift declined with length of exposure and appeared a tendency to exacerbate gradually, especially in workers with a positive skin test of cotton antigen. Smoking had no influence on it. It suggests that exposure to cotton dust and idiosyncracy of the workers play important roles in damage to lung function.
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PMID:[A prospective study on respiratory symptoms and functions in new employees exposed to cotton dust]. 986 71

Inhalation of dusts is an important cause of interstitial lung disease in the tropical countries such as India. While dusts of organic origin, such as the cotton dust causing byssinosis, generally cause bronchial or bronchiolar involvement and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, inorganic metallic dusts cause progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Silicosis, coal workers' pneumoconiosis, and asbestosis are the three most commonly recognized forms of pneumoconiotic pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary tuberculosis is an important complication seen in up to 50% of patients of silicosis in some reports from India. The presentation is generally chronic, although acute and accelerated forms of silicosis are known when the exposures are heavy. Breathlessness, dry cough, and general constitutional symptoms are commonly seen. Patients with silicotuberculosis or other forms of infection may also have significant expectoration, hemoptysis, fever, and rapid progression. Respiratory failure and chronic cor pulmonale occur in the later stages. The diagnosis is easily established if the occupational history is available. Dense nodular opacities on chest roentgenograms, which may be large in patients with massive pulmonary fibrosis, are characteristic. Emphysematous changes generally appear in advanced stages or in patients who smoke. Bronchoalveolar lavage and/or lung biopsy may occasionally be required to establish or exclude other causes of interstitial lung disease. Treatment is largely palliative, although a variety of drugs including corticosteroids and procedures such as whole lung lavage have been tried. None of these methods has yet been found successful in the treatment. Preventive safety steps, including removal of the patient from the site of exposure, are the only effective strategies to control disease progression.
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PMID:Dust-induced interstitial lung disease in the tropics. 1158 75


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