Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors consider that infants and young children with recurrent obstructive bronchitis require systematic follow-up care and treatment. To evaluate the severity of the disease, a rating scale was developed. Using this criteria, the severity of the disease in 132 infants and young children was evaluated. The patients were divided into a group of more severely ill and a group of less severely ill patients. The members of the more severely ill group were given long-term prophylactic treatment with ketotifen at a dose of 0.5 to 1.0 mg twice daily, in addition to standard symptomatic medication. Treatment with ketotifen afforded a decrease, although insignificant, in the number of coughing attacks, a significant decrease in the number of episodes of dyspnoea (p less than 0.025) and a significant decrease in the number of episodes of airway obstruction (p less than 0.0005). The authors conclude that patients with recurrent severe obstructive bronchitis should be given prophylactic treatment with ketotifen either during autumn and winter or throughout the year, depending on the severity of the symptoms.
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PMID:Wheezy bronchitis: results of treatment with ketotifen. 382 38

Cough is a common symptom in the smoking and non-smoking patient seeking medical attention from the office-based physician. Often, a comprehensive history and physical examination suggest the correct diagnosis, and specific therapy can be directed to the underlying disease. A chest roentgenogram is an essential part of the workup; it may suggest tuberculosis, chronic fungal infection, bronchiectasis, or lung abscess. In addition, bronchogenic carcinoma, which is increasing in frequency in the population, has several common manifestations that can be recognized on the chest roentgenogram. Pulmonary function studies are often helpful in the workup of the patient with chronic cough. A pattern of obstructive lung disease is seen with asthma, chronic bronchitis, and bronchiectasis. Diseases that cause lung fibrosis, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, and pneumoconiosis, give a restrictive ventilatory defect. Bronchoprovocation testing can be helpful when baseline pulmonary function tests are normal and the diagnosis of postviral bronchitis or cough-variant asthma is suggested. If the bronchial inhalation challenge is negative, these diagnoses can be excluded. Chronic rhinosinusitis with associated postnasal drip is one of the most common causes of chronic cough and is often difficult to confirm because the physical examination and roentgenogram of the paranasal sinuses may be normal. In a great majority of patients with chronic cough, a diagnosis can be established by simple, clinical and laboratory procedures used in the outpatient setting.
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PMID:Chronic cough. Diagnosis and treatment. 384 18

The relation of respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function, and abnormalities of chest radiographs to estimated exposures of borax dust has been investigated in a cross sectional study of 629 actively employed borax workers. Ninety three per cent of the eligible workers participated in the study and exposures ranged from 1.1 mg/m3 to 14.6 mg/m3. Symptoms of acute respiratory irritation such as dryness of the mouth, nose, or throat, dry cough, nose bleeds, sore throat, productive cough, shortness of breath, and chest tightness were related to exposures of 4.0 mg/m3 or more, and were infrequent at exposures of 1.1 mg/m3. Symptoms of persistent respiratory irritation meeting the definition of chronic simple bronchitis were related to exposure among non-smokers. Decrements in the FEV1 as a percentage of predicted were seen among smokers who had heavy cumulative borax exposures (greater than or equal to 80 mg/m3 years) but were not seen among less exposed smokers or among non-smokers. Radiographic abnormalities were uncommon and were not related to dust exposure. Borax dust appears to act as a simple respiratory irritant and perhaps causes small changes in the FEV1 among smokers who are heavily exposed.
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PMID:Respiratory effects of borax dust. 387 56

Recently many refugees from Sri Lanka have arrived in Europe. The purpose of the present investigation was to analyze the subjective complaints and diagnoses in these refugees. One hundred refugees (97 males, 3 females, age 19 to 42 years) were investigated. The most common reasons for consulting a general internist were cough (23%), general pain in soft tissue and joints (21%), disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (19%) and ear or throat complaints (15%). In 43% of the patients no diagnosis could be established. 58 patients were investigated for parasites in stool: 57% of these patients had hookworms, 12% non-pathogenic protozoon, 9% Entamoeba histolytica cysts, and 2% Giardia lamblia. In 12% of the patients the diagnosis was tonsillitis or pharyngitis, in 7% bronchitis, pneumonia or asthma and in 5% arterial hypertension. Various other diagnoses were established in 48 patients. With the exception of the high frequency of intestinal parasites, complaints and diagnoses in these refugees were the same as in a comparable European population.
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PMID:[Medical problems in refugees from Sri Lanka (Tamil)]. 396 44

The efficacy and safety of ketotifen in the treatment of recurrent bronchitis were studied in twenty Thai children with an average age of 5.3 years. Symptoms studied were cough, hypersecretion and wheezing and 4-point rating scores were assigned to each of the symptoms with regard to their frequency, severity and duration. Score per dose of the symptomatic agents used was also given. The symptoms and the use of symptomatic agents were recorded during a full year prior to ketotifen treatment and during a further full year study period. PEFR measurement was performed in the children above the age of 6 years at 2-weekly intervals under the supervision of the authors at the clinic. Assessment of efficacy was done by comparing monthly symptom scores and medication scores during the study period with the mean value of the previous year. Thirteen children received ketotifen for the whole year while seven children who were almost symptom-free after 4 months ketotifen treatment, were then only observed for a further 8 months. At the end of the study period, ketotifen treatment was rated very good and good in 85% of children, satisfactory in 10% and poor in 5%. Drowsiness was the only side-effect reported in a few cases but then only initially. There were no abnormalities in any laboratory parameters studied.
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PMID:The role of ketotifen in children with recurrent bronchitis. 397 57

The Industrial Injuries Advisory Council has reaffirmed the view that simple pneumoconiosis does not produce disability or shorten life. This is often true but, without overlooking the importance of chronic bronchitis, such conclusions are wrong in many instances.Chronic bronchitis is probably commoner in miners without pneumoconiosis than in those with it, and an uneven distribution of bronchitis may mask the effects of pneumoconiosis. Cough and sputum in a miner with pneumoconiosis are not always due to chronic bronchitis. Disability is usually judged on measurement of vital capacity and forced expiratory volume, factors which cannot be expected to be significantly altered by simple pneumoconiosis alone. Other tests may show abnormalities which lead to ventilation and perfusion inequalities and to an increase in the ventilatory cost of exercise. Focal emphysema, often a consequence of simple pneumoconiosis, develops slowly and its influence on disability is delayed.Disagreements arise because epidemiologists expect all lungs with simple pneumoconiosis react in the same way, and they want a quantitative relation between simple pneumoconiosis and emphysema before attributing one to the other.There are major difficulties in assessing disability but there is little justification for the regular application of the rule that if the results of ventilatory tests are normal disability is not present and if they are abnormal this is due to something other than simple pneumoconiosis.
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PMID:Disability and coal workers' pneumoconiosis. 427 9

Thirteen infants and children with adenovirus type 7 infection proved by virus isolation are described. High fever, cough and dyspnea were the most frequent findings; in infants under 1 year of age wheezing was common. Four patients required artificial ventilation. Lobar collapse, consolidation and hyperinflation were frequent radiologic findings. None of the symptoms responded to antibiotic therapy or bronchodilator drugs. Three patients died (mortality rate of 23%). Pathologic findings were compatible with adenovirus type 7 pneumonia, and were characterized by a necrotizing bronchitis and bronchiolitis, patchy alveolar fibrinopurulent exudate and hyaline membrane formation. Some intra-alveolar epithelial cells showed strikingly abnormal nuclei and rare typical halo-outlined intranuclear inclusions were seen. Only one of eight survivors had evidence of significant chronic chest disease.
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PMID:An outbreak of adenovirus type 7 infection in children in Montreal. 434 82

A review of persons with chronic bronchitis and controls without bronchitis showed several irritants around the home that aggravated cough, such as house dust, flowers and grasses, smoke, strong fumes, hair spray, insecticide, and soap powders. Most subjects with bronchitis were affected by exposure to one or more of these irritants for at least once a day for three months of the year or more. Out of 163 subjects with chronic bronchitis only six non-smokers were free of factors associated with pulmonary irritation. This evidence from non-smokers not exposed to air pollution adds further strength to the hypothesis that daily phlegm is caused by persistent inhalation of irritants.
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PMID:Additional factors in chronic bronchitis. 543 57

Inhalation of aerosols of citric acid, histamine phosphate, or carbon dust, or air cooled to - 20 degrees C or rapid respiratory maneuvers (inspiration or expiration) results in an increase in airway resistance in some patients with asthma or bronchitis. It has been shown previously in animals that stimulation of cough receptors results in bronchoconstriction through efferent cholinergic pathways. In the patients studied, the administration of atropine sulfate, which would block such pathways, abolished the bronchoconstrictor effects of all the stimuli except large doses of histamine, which may exert a direct effect on airway smooth muscle. These data suggest that sensitized cough receptors may be involved in triggering reflex airway constriction in such patients.
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PMID:Role of autonomic nervous system and the cough reflex in the increased responsiveness of airways in patients with obstructive airway disease. 607 Mar 26

The longitudinal study carried out in a group of inhabitants from Craiova showed that 16,2% of these, classified according to previously filled questionnaires as suffering from chronic bronchitis, and 10,7% of those classified as suffering from minor forms of bronchitis (sporadic symptoms) had died, and one third of them were not found when the investigation was repeated. Re-examination of 106 adults with chronic bronchitis showed that the symptoms had disappeared in two-thirds of them, especially in those who gave up smoking; in 19,8% of them the symptoms had become more severe due to repeated attacks. Bronchial obstruction was present in 36% of the cases, and alterations in the small bronchial ducts were present in two-thirds of the patients. In 18-24% of the patients with minor forms of bronchitis the symptoms were more severe and chronic, and they can be classified as chronically ill patients. Frequently there were altered spirographic values. This study demonstrates that chronic bronchitis may evolve to: a) remission of the symptomatology (especially after suppression of smoking); b) more or less unmodified persistence of symptoms; c) increased severity of the symptoms following repeated acute attacks. Almost 25% of cases with sporadic coughing and expectoration became chronically ill over a period of 10 years. The questionnaire was demonstrated as having retrospective value for making a diagnosis of chronic bronchitis, but cough and expectoration are not sufficient for a differential assessment of the evolution, the spirographic data being of decisive importance.
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PMID:[Long-term study of the evolution of chronic bronchitis detected by questionnaire 10 years earlier]. 626 81


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