Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Analysis of 187 children diagnosed as having asthma since 1984 in a general practice population is described. Reasons were sought for possible delay in diagnosis so that appropriate steps could subsequently be taken to minimize further delay. Even in an asthma aware practice (original prevalence 8.8%) a delay of approximately 40% of the total age of the child at diagnosis is shown. This delay does not appear to diminish even for children up to 10 years of age. Asthma is more likely to be missed or labelled as 'bronchitis' in children who cough repeatedly, rather than those who wheeze occasionally. As many as 45% of asthmatic children may have had 'bronchitis' diagnosed and treated instead of asthma, so that a diagnosis of repeated 'bronchitis' merely detracts from underlying asthma.
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PMID:The effect of symptom presentation on delay in asthma diagnosis in children in a general practice. 237 36

An analysis of hospital discharge data showed that Brampton children 4 years and under had higher rates of hospital admissions for asthma, bronchitis and upper respiratory infections than children in the same age group living in Mississauga and other Ontario municipalities. The present study was done to compare the prevalence and treatment of wheezing and coughing between Brampton and Mississauga children 4 and 5 years of age. The study showed that increased use of pediatricians on the part of Mississauga children in comparison to Brampton children resulted in a higher proportion being placed on anti-asthmatic medications even though the underlying prevalence rate of wheezing and coughing was the same in the two samples. Further study is required to determine whether differences in primary care between the two samples can explain a two-fold increase in hospital admission rates for lower respiratory illness among Brampton preschool children in comparison to their counterparts in Mississauga.
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PMID:Comparison between the prevalence and treatment of wheezing and coughing in Brampton and Mississauga children. 238 65

Seventy-four pulmonologists and one allergist were recruited to assess the efficacy and safety of iodinated glycerol (Organidin), 60 mg qid, vs placebo in patients with stable chronic obstructive bronchitis in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design. A total of 361 patients (180 to iodinated glycerol and 181 to placebo) who complained of cough and difficulty bringing up sputum entered the eight-week study. Evaluations were based upon eight primary symptom efficacy parameters (cough frequency, cough severity, chest discomfort, dyspnea, ease in bringing up sputum, patient and physician global assessments, and a derived patients' global assessment), and six secondary parameters (frequency of aerosol bronchodilator use, incidence and duration of acute exacerbations, frequency of concomitant medication use, incidences of adverse experiences and dropouts). Cough frequency, cough severity, chest discomfort, patients' ease in bringing up sputum, patients' overall condition, and a derived subject global assessment were significantly (p less than 0.05) improved by iodinated glycerol as compared with placebo within eight weeks of treatment. Dyspnea showed a trend toward improvement and the physicians' global evaluation showed no significant difference between groups. Similar findings were noted in a subgroup analysis of moderately-to-severely affected patients. The mean duration (days) of acute exacerbations and number of dropouts attributable to adverse experiences were significantly less (p less than 0.05) in the iodinated glycerol group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The National Mucolytic Study. Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of iodinated glycerol in chronic obstructive bronchitis. 222 98

A retrospective study of 137 patients with blood culture-positive typhoid fever admitted to the paediatric unit of the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia was carried out to study epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and treatment aspects of typhoid fever in Kelantanese children in hospital. The male:female ratio was 1:1.1. School-children were the most affected. Cases were seen throughout the year. The five most frequently presenting features were fever, hepatomegaly, diarrhoea, vomiting and cough. Rose spots were seen in only two patients. Complications included gastritis, bronchitis, ileus, psychosis, encephalopathy, gastro-intestinal bleeding and myocarditis. Relative bradycardia was not seen. Blood and stool cultures were positive in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd weeks of illness. There was no significant difference between percentages of elevated O and H titres, whether done during or after the 1st week of illness. A four-fold rise in (O) titres occurred in 50% of cases tested. We would miss 50% of typhoid fever cases if a titre (O) equal to more than 1/160 were relied upon for diagnosis. Altogether, 46% of patients had leucopenia. Chloramphenicol was the most commonly used antibiotic. There were two deaths.
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PMID:Typhoid fever in hospitalized children in Kelantan, Malaysia. 246 4

Neuropeptides such as substance P are implicated in inflammation mediated by sensory nerves (neurogenic inflammation), but the roles in disease of these peptides and the peptidases that degrade them are not understood. It is well established that inflammation is a prominent feature of several airway diseases, including viral infections, asthma, bronchitis, and cystic fibrosis. These diseases are characterized by cough, airway edema, and abnormal secretory and bronchoconstrictor responses, all of which can be elicited by substance P. The effects of substance P and other peptides that may be involved in inflammation are decreased by endogenous neutral endopeptidase (NEP; also called enkephalinase, EC 3.4.24.11), which is a peptidase that degrades substance P and other peptides. In the present study, we report that rats with histories of infections caused by common respiratory tract pathogens (parainfluenza virus type 1, rat corona-virus, and Mycoplasma pulmonis) not only have greater susceptibility to neurogenic inflammatory responses than do pathogen-free rats but also have a lower activity of NEP in the trachea. This reduction in NEP activity may cause the increased susceptibility to neurogenic inflammation by allowing higher concentrations of substance P to reach tachykinin receptors in the trachea. Thus decreased NEP activity may exacerbate some of the pathological responses in animals with respiratory tract infections.
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PMID:Neutral endopeptidase and neurogenic inflammation in rats with respiratory infections. 254 62

Oral and/or parenteral amoxycillin was used to treat 52 young and adult patients suffering from moderately severe to severe bronchitis, bronchopneumonia or acute lobar pneumonia. The mean time between onset of disease and start of treatment was 3.8 days. Patients received doses of amoxycillin ranging from 375 mg to 1 g 2 to 3-times daily depending on the severity of the condition for a mean of 6.4 days. There was complete resolution of clinical symptoms such as fever, cough and pleural pain after 3 days in all but 3 of the patients. Response was considered excellent or good in 77% of patients and satisfactory in 14%. Mild to moderate side-effects such as urticaria and nausea were reported in 8 patients but were not severe enough to interrupt treatment. Overall, amoxycillin was considered to be effective in 82% and partially so in 11% of the patients treated.
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PMID:[Oral and parenteral amoxicillin in the treatment of pneumonia and acute bronchitis]. 259 21

In order to characterize intraluminal airway inflammation in subjects with chronic bronchitis, bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage were performed in 28 subjects with chronic bronchitis with fixed airway obstruction and, for comparison, 15 asymptomatic smokers and 25 normal nonsmoking volunteers. The chronic bronchitics had a cough productive of sputum on most days of the month for 6 months in the preceding 2 yr, had at least one exacerbation requiring medical intervention in each of the previous 2 yr, and had an FEV1 less than 76% of predicted without response to bronchodilator. During bronchoscopy the airways were assessed for visual evidence of inflammation by assigning them a score, the bronchitis index, that graded the airways according to the apparent severity of airway edema, erythema, friability, and secretions. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed by sequentially instilling and retrieving with gentle suction five 20-ml aliquots of sterile normal saline into each of three separate lobes. The first aliquots, the "bronchial" sample, were pooled and processed separately from the final four aliquots, the "distal" sample. Cell counts, cell differentials, and albumin were determined for both the bronchial and distal samples. In order to correlate inflammation with clinical parameters, sputum was collected for 24 h prior to bronchoscopy; spirometry was performed just prior to bronchoscopy, and smoking histories were obtained. Visual inspection of the airways, as quantified by the bronchitis index, demonstrated significantly more evidence for inflammation in the chronic bronchitics than in either the asymptomatic smokers or the normal subjects. The bronchial sample lavage fluids from the chronic bronchitics tended to contain more cells (6.1 +/- 2.2 x 10(6) cells) than the bronchial sample fluids from the asymptomatic smokers (3.6 +/- 0.6 x 10(6) cells) or normal subjects (3.7 +/- 0.5 x 10(6) cells). Furthermore, the chronic bronchitics had a higher percentage of neutrophils in their bronchial lavage fluid (35.8 +/- 5.6%) than did either the asymptomatic smokers (20.7 +/- 2.6%, p = 0.0001) or the normal subjects (10.3 +/- 5.6%). The distal sample lavage fluid also recovered more neutrophils from both the chronic bronchitics (15.0 +/- 4.2%, p = 0.0012) and asymptomatic smokers (5.7 +/- 1.3%, p = 0.002) than from the normal subjects (2.8 +/- 0.4%). The chronic bronchitics were divided into two groups: those with low (less than 20%) and those with high (greater than 20%) bronchial sample neutrophils. Those with higher bronchial sample neutrophils had significantly more sputum production and lower FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and FEF25-75 than did the subjects with lower bronchial sample neutrophils.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Intraluminal airway inflammation in chronic bronchitis. Characterization and correlation with clinical parameters. 260 84

A comparison between the action of Ambroxol and Acetylcysteine was carried out in 28 children aged 2 to 13 (mean 7 years 3 months) affected with spastic bronchitis. 14 patients were treated daily for 10 days by the oral route with 30 mg of Ambroxol (2 sachets) and 14 with 200-300 mg of Acetylcysteine (2-3 sachets). Quantity and quality of sputum, difficulty in expectorating, cough, dyspnea, bronchial bruits, were assessed before the treatment, 5 days into it and at the end. Both drugs were effective and well tolerated, but Ambroxol proved to be more rapid in achieving a satisfactory improvement than Acetylcysteine.
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PMID:[A controlled study on the action of a new formulation of ambroxol in asthmatiform bronchitis in children]. 266 89

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pathogenic micro-organism frequently held responsible for acute respiratory infection. The disease is ubiquitous and often proceeds in epidemics among small communities of young people (families, army barracks, universities). Its usual clinical manifestations consist of a stubborn cough symptomatic of tracheo-bronchitis with or without fever, and inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. Cases where chest X-rays show a pulmonary infiltrate are less frequent, but they differ from other lung diseases in that the respiratory signs at physical examination are discreet. The presence of cold agglutinins is not specific, but it contributes to the diagnosis. Cutaneous, neuromeningeal, cardiovascular and osteo-articular manifestations are rare, usually delayed and of lesser importance. Diagnosis rests on positive cultures of tracheo-bronchial or pharyngeal samples and/or on a significant increase in the titers of serum antibodies directed against M. pneumoniae. The disease is usually benign. Antibiotic therapy with macrolides or tetracyclines shortens its duration and reduces the incidence of complications. The latter chiefly concern elderly subjects and patients with COLD for whom M. pneumoniae infection constitutes a major risk of respiratory failure.
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PMID:[Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections]. 266 46

One hundred and forty outpatients, males and females aged 14 to 70 years, with acute febrile bronchitis, afebrile chronic bronchitis, or flares of chronic bronchitis were treated for seven days with one soft gelatin capsule (500 mg) of guaimesal thrice daily or matching placebo. No other potentially interfering treatment (antibiotic, antipyretic, or anti-inflammatory) was administered concomitantly. Before and after treatment, vital capacity, residual volume, and maximum expiratory volume per second were measured and recorded. Both before treatment and after 2, 4, and 7 days of treatment, body temperature was measured and cough frequency and intensity as well as expectorate amount and fluidity were scored and recorded along with the total symptom score. At the end of treatment, the overall clinical efficacy was rated and recorded. Potential side effects were monitored by questioning the patients; general safety (laboratory tests) was not monitored. All data were analyzed according to multivariate, parametric, and nonparametric statistical methods and stratified by treatment, sex, age, and diagnosis. For each monitored symptom and sign, guaimesal exhibited a favorable effect which was significantly greater in extent and significantly faster in recovery rate than that associated with spontaneous recovery. Within two days from the start of therapy, fever, cough frequency and intensity, and expectorate fluidity had significantly improved. By the fourth day the expectorate amount had significantly decreased. Further improvement was noted at subsequent times of observation. After a week, according to the spirometric parameters, the respiratory function was restored to a considerable extent. Overall, 75.7% of the patients receiving guaimesal experienced complete or almost complete recovery within the period of observation. With placebo, occasional improvement was seen for cough intensity and for expectorate amount, and this improvement was significantly less in extent and significantly slower than that recorded with guaimesal. Overall, 8.6% of placebo-treated patients experienced a clinically detectable degree of recovery. The subjective tolerance of guaimesal was comparable to that of placebo in terms of both the frequency and the nature of the side effects. Mild, transient gastric effects were reported by 11.4% of patients receiving guaimesal and by 8.6% of patients receiving placebo. These effects did not require a variation of dose or specific treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical evaluation of guaimesal in outpatients. 266 63


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