Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We evaluated the effectiveness of high dose rate (HDR) endobronchial irradiation for palliation of malignant airway obstruction. Between May 1989 and February 1992, 39 patients were treated in our department. Thirty-two patients (82 percent) had primary lung neoplasms and 7 (18 percent) had metastatic disease. Thirty-three patients (85 percent) had prior external irradiation (either alone or in combination with chemotherapy), and 9 patients (23 percent) received laser excision before treatment. Of the 39 patients, 14 (36 percent) presented with hemoptysis, 20 (51 percent) with cough, 15 (38.5 percent) had dyspnea, and 15 patients (38.5 percent) had pneumonia or atelectasis. There were 57 applications performed in the 39 patients. Patients with hemoptysis had 93 percent complete response (CR), 20 percent with cough had CR; 60 percent improved (partial response [PR]); no response was seen in 20 percent. Atelectasis and pneumonia resolved in 20 percent of patients. Eighteen patients (46 percent) underwent a second procedure and were evaluated for objective response; 34 percent had CR, 44 percent had PR, and 22 percent did not respond. There were two acute (one bronchospasm, one pneumothorax) and three late (two strictures, and one exsanguination) complications. In our experience, HDR was highly effective in the palliation of airway symptoms caused by malignant tumors, with acceptable toxicity.
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PMID:High dose-rate endobronchial irradiation in malignant airway obstruction. 768 45

The influence of Evan's blue dye on capsaicin-induced bronchoconstrictor and cough responses was investigated in the guinea pig. Evan's blue (30 mg kg-1 i.v.) pretreatment shifted the bronchoconstrictor dose-response to capsaicin (0.3-100 micrograms kg-1 i.v.) to the right by 10-fold, but had no effect on the bronchospasm elicited by neurokinin A (0.3-10 micrograms kg-1 i.v.). Evan's blue (0.3-30 mg kg-1 s.c.) also inhibited capsaicin-induced cough in a dose-dependent manner. Evan's blue blocked capsaicin responses by the intravenous, subcutaneous, or inhaled routes of administration. We conclude bronchoconstrictor responses and cough in vivo.
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PMID:Evan's blue dye blocks capsaicin-induced cough and bronchospasm in the guinea pig. 778 78

The extent of impairment of respiratory function in a group of 52 elderly, glaucomatous patients receiving topical timolol therapy was investigated. To predict those patients who were likely to benefit from changing therapy, symptoms were elicited by direct questioning, and lung spirometry was measured before and after inhalation of salbutamol. Changing from timolol to either pilocarpine or the cardioselective betaxolol produced improvement in lung function tests. Mean peak flow increased from 278 l/min to 328 l/min (p < 0.001), forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1) from 1.66 l to 1.85 l (p < 0.001) and forced vital capacity (FVC) from 2.41 to 2.64 l (p < 0.001). Spirometry in a control group of 20 subjects was unchanged. Nineteen of 47 patients demonstrated a clinically significant (defined as 15% or more) increase in all values of lung function tests. Change to pilocarpine or betaxolol was equally effective in producing improvement but betaxolol had fewer side-effects. The presence of exertional dyspnoea, cough with sputum, raised dyspnoea score and improved lung function tests after salbutamol identified those patients experiencing clinically significant bronchospasm with an 89% specificity and 74% sensitivity.
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PMID:Unsuspected bronchospasm in association with topical timolol--a common problem in elderly people: can we easily identify those affected and do cardioselective agents lead to improvement? 801 Jan 65

Strongyloides stercoralis is an important cause of severe pulmonary infection and death in many areas of the world [1, 2]. The nematode is endemic in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, including the southeastern United States and Puerto Rico, where infection rates may exceed 6% of the population [1, 3-7]. Although pulmonary symptoms from strongyloidiasis can be mild, consisting only of cough and bronchospasm, the potential for severe pulmonary disease and adult respiratory distress syndrome is great in certain persons at high risk for strongyloidiasis [1, 2]. Unfortunately, pulmonary strongyloidiasis is seldom diagnosed until late in the course of the disease, which contributes to a high death rate [1, 2, 5, 8]. We review the clinical and imaging features of pulmonary strongyloidiasis and emphasize clues that can lead to earlier diagnosis, recognition of complications, and prompt treatment.
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PMID:Pulmonary strongyloidiasis: clinical and imaging features. 810 92

1. GABAB agonists inhibit neuronal processes which are important in the pathogenesis of airway disease, such as bronchospasm. Cough is a prominent symptom of pulmonary disease, but the effects of GABAB agonists on this airway reflex are unknown. Experiments were conducted to determine the antitussive effect of GABAB receptor agonists in comparison to the known antitussive agents, codeine and dextromethorphan. 2. Unanaesthetized guinea-pigs were exposed to aerosols of 0.3 mM capsaicin to elicit coughing, which was detected with a microphone and counted. Cough also was produced in anaesthetized cats by mechanical stimulation of the intrathoracic trachea and was recorded from electromyograms of respiratory muscle activity. 3. In guinea-pigs, the GABAB agonists baclofen and 3-aminopropyl-phosphinic acid (3-APPi) produced dose-dependent inhibition of capsaicin-induced cough when administered by subcutaneous or inhaled routes. The potencies of baclofen and 3-APPi compared favourably with codeine and dextromethorphan. 4. The GABAB antagonist, CGP 35348 (0.3- 30 mg kg-1, s.c.) inhibited the antitussive effect of baclofen (3.0 mg kg-1, s.c.). However, CGP 35348 (10 mg kg-1, s.c.) had no effect on the antitussive activity of codeine (30 mg kg-1, s.c.). The antitussive effect of baclofen was not influenced by the GABAA antagonist, bicuculline (3 mg kg-1, s.c.) or naloxone (0.3 mg kg-1, s.c.). 5. In the cat, baclofen (0.3-3.0 mg kg-1, i.v.) decreased mechanically-induced cough in a dose-dependent manner. In this model, baclofen (ED50 = 0.63 mg kg-1) was less potent than either codeine or dextromethorphan. The antitussive effect of baclofen in the cat was antagonized by the GABAB antagonists, CGP 35348 (10 mg kg-1, i.v.) and 3-aminopropylphosphonic acid (3 mg kg-1, i.v.).6. We show that baclofen and 3-APPi have antitussive effects in the guinea-pig and cat and these effects are mediated by GABAB receptors.
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PMID:Antitussive effects of GABAB agonists in the cat and guinea-pig. 822 Sep 12

We undertook a prospective study of bronchoprovocation challenge (BPC) to look at issues of safety and reversibility of bronchospasm and symptoms induced by BPC. Over a 14-month interval, we documented 62 consecutive cases of bronchial hyperresponsiveness. During BPC, there was a statistically significant but clinically modest increase in both cough and dyspnea. Both bronchospasm and symptoms were readily reversed with a simple protocol of inhaled albuterol using a metered-dose inhaler with a spacer. Routine protocol was effective in every case; there was never a need for individualized physician intervention. Our prospective data document the safety of BPC; we could find no reason why BPC would need to be confined to the hospital. We conclude that BPC is a valuable clinical test which merits wider dissemination and use.
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PMID:Bronchodilator reversal of bronchospasm and symptoms incurred during methacholine bronchoprovocation challenge. Documentation of safety and time course. 822 80

Latex hypersensitivity is a well documented phenomenon most commonly reported in children with spina bifida during surgical and other procedures involving exposure to latex. IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity to the protein or polypeptide components of latex may be severe and manifest as generalized anaphylaxis or cardiovascular collapse. Of 17 children with spina bifida undergoing transurethral electrical bladder stimulation we identified 5 with latex allergy 3 to 9 years old. All 5 patients were noted to manifest sneezing or a cough several minutes before the development of a generalized hypersensitivity reaction, which in several patients progressed to bronchospasm. Subsequent investigations have shown that the inciting agent was the rectal pressure balloon made from a latex finger cot. Recognition of the earliest manifestations of latex hypersensitivity is an important clinical tool in the prevention of severe allergic reactions.
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PMID:The "innocent" cough or sneeze: a harbinger of serious latex allergy in children during bladder stimulation and urodynamic testing. 832 23

Fifteen patients with active inoperable pulmonary aspergilloma underwent percutaneous injection of a special therapeutic paste of glycerin and amphotericin B. This paste was warmed just prior to injection, and filling of the lesional cavity was achieved in one session if it was possible to obtain anaerobic conditions for destruction of the aspergilloma. Injection was performed with computed tomographic guidance with use of an 18-gauge flexible needle and with administration of anti-coughing analgesia. Follow-up was continued for 7 months on average. Filling of the lesion cavities required three sessions on average because of cough or bronchospasm. In 12 cases the aspergilloma regressed within 3 months and results at serology became negative. In three cases, there was no change in the cavity, but hemoptysis did not recur. Results in this series confirm the feasibility and efficacy of this palliative treatment.
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PMID:Inoperable pulmonary aspergilloma: percutaneous CT-guided injection with glycerin and amphotericin B paste in 15 cases. 835 56

gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), an important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS, is also found in peripheral tissues, including the lung. Recent pharmacological studies using selective ligands for GABAA and GABAB receptors demonstrate that of these two, the GABAB receptor is the important receptor subtype controlling lung functions. GABAB agonists inhibit a variety of responses in the airways, including neuronally induced cholinergic- and tachykinin-mediated smooth muscle contraction, microvascular leakage, anaphylactic bronchospasm and cough. Because these conditions are seen in certain respiratory diseases, such as asthma, a selective GABAB agonist may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of this respiratory disorder.
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PMID:GABAB receptors in the lung. 838 86

An outbreak of infectious influenza was recognized in Menofeia governorate in October 1989. Eight naturally influenza infected as well as 8 healthy control horses, mules and donkeys were selected for collection of blood and sera separation to estimate four lysosomal enzymatic activities and to describe the clinical findings, which were fever, congested nasal, conjunctival membranes and cough. Bronchopneumonia followed later with bilateral purulent nasal discharge as a complication in 2 donkeys. Thereafter laboured breathing occurred. Therefore a therapeutic penicillin-streptomycin dose was injected to safeguard against the secondary bacterial invasion. All lysosomal enzyme levels in serum of diseased equines were subjected to consistent regression except N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase -beta-NAG) that behaved very highly significant activity, probably due to the acid pH resulting from bronchopneumonia and respiratory acidosis which override the inhibitory action of the antibiotics. Influenza virus may inhibit the synthesis of the pulmonary surfactant in alveolar and bronchial epithelium, thereafter, the animals suffered from respiratory distress and bronchospasm with resultant decreased acid phosphatase (ACP) value which was histochemically located in both sites. The disappearance of alpha- and beta-galactosidases (alpha-GAL & beta-GAL) from the serum of diseased animals can be attributed to the antibiotic dose.
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PMID:Characterization of serum lysosomal enzymatic activities. III. Effect of infectious influenza in Egyptian equines. 838 24


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