Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 40-day-old male infant was admitted due to cough, anorexia and pale face. Rapid heart beat was found accidentally by auscultation. Electrocardiograms revealed supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) with a heart rate up to 250 beats per minute, and an absence of P waves. Intravenous bolus injection of 1 mg adenosine terminated the tachycardia, followed by transient complete atrioventricular block, then latent Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome with retrograde P waves. Adenosine may be a new trial for the termination of SVT, and also is a safe drug even in the presence of WPW syndrome.
 ...
PMID:A trial of adenosine for the termination of supraventricular tachycardia in infancy: a case report. 140 38

The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and dosage and administration of adenosine in the treatment of episodes of paroxysmal supraventricular trachycardia (PSVT) are reviewed. Adenosine is an endogenous adenine nucleoside that markedly decreases heart rate and prolongs atrioventricular (AV)-nodal conduction. Adenosine is rapidly cleared from plasma by the cellular elements of the blood and by vascular endothelial cells and subjected to enzymatic metabolism. The drug has a half-life of 0.6 to 10 seconds. In noncomparative clinical trials, adenosine terminated 85% to 100% of induced or spontaneous episodes of PSVT involving the AV node in the reentrant circuit. In patients with arrhythmias that do not involve the AV node in the reentrant circuit, adenosine produces AV block and does not restore sinus rhythm. Prospective, randomized trials comparing adenosine with verapamil in adults have not yet been performed. The adverse effects of adenosine include flushing, dyspnea, headache, cough, chest pain, sinus bradycardia, atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmias, and various degrees of AV block. Because of the short half-life of adenosine, these effects are transient and well tolerated. The initial dose of adenosine in treating acute PSVT is 6 mg given by rapid i.v. bolus injection, followed in one to two minutes by up to two additional 12-mg boluses if necessary. Adenosine has been found to be effective in terminating PSVT and thus offers an alternative to verapamil. Prospective, randomized trials comparing adenosine with verapamil are needed to definitively establish adenosine's role in the therapy of PSVT.
 ...
PMID:Adenosine in the episodic treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. 218 71

In the course of 131 coronary angiographies, a non-ionic hyperosmolar contrast medium (Uromiro 75%, Bracco, Milano) provoked transient arrhythmias in 92 cases: 50 marked sinus bradycardias, 11 asystoles, 21 low-rate idiojunctional rhythms, 1 first-degree AV block, 7 third-degree AV blocks and 2 ventricular fibrillations. In 90 cases the rhythm disturbance was stopped by mere repeated cough. In the 2 cases of ventricular fibrillation direct current shock was used. If instructed coughing started within 8 seconds after the onset of arrhythmia, the patient maintained consciousness and the cough, as an internal cardiac massage, proved to be an adequate resuscitation method. In case prodromal signs of artificial bradycardiac arrhythmias were present, immediate cough could usually prevent the loss of consciousness and could also stop the arrhythmia. Therefore it seems logical to apply this method in patients at risk of Adams-Stokes attacks. A certain number of sudden deaths could be avoided.
 ...
PMID:Life-threatening arrhythmias stopped by cough. 228 88

A 34-year-old man with a history of cough syncope exhibited Mobitz type II atrioventricular block with a narrow QRS complex on Holter monitoring. The baseline electrophysiologic study was normal. No significant atrioventricular block could be induced with carotid sinus massage, neck suction, or intravenous propranolol. However, coughing reproduced Mobitz type II atrioventricular block, which was found to be above the His bundle on the His bundle electrogram. A review of the mechanism of cough syncope is also presented.
 ...
PMID:Cough syncope presenting as Mobitz type II atrioventricular block--an electrophysiologic correlation. 243 70

Cough syncope is a well-recognized syndrome in which loss of consciousness follows a bout of prolonged coughing. The pathophysiology of this syndrome has been attributed to lowered cerebral perfusion pressure consequent on an increased intrathoracic pressure, which lowers cardiac output (by a Valsalva mechanism) and impairs cerebral venous return. We report a case of cough-induced syncope in which ECG monitoring showed that coughing produced paroxysmal atrioventricular block with ventricular asystole. Such a case has not previously been documented.
 ...
PMID:Syncope caused by cough-induced complete atrioventricular block. 618 Apr

A 34-year-old man with AIDS was admitted to the hospital with a one-week history of cough, chest pain, and fever. Radiography revealed a cavitating left upper lobe lesion. Two weeks later he developed a headache associated with a contrast enhancing lesion in the right parietal lobe. The patient had a progressive downhill course, developing atrioventricular block and hypernatremia. Neuro-ophthalmologically, there was a mild facial droop, "hand motions" vision with presumed bilateral cytomegalic inclusion retinitis, and signs of a mesencephalic syndrome, including lid retraction. Discussions center on the differential diagnosis of the central nervous system disease and the obligative recommendations the neuro-ophthalmologist must be willing to make.
 ...
PMID:Ophthalmoplegia associated with AIDS. 797 90

The presentation of type 1, second-degree atrioventricular block (AVB) in a young, healthy patient is rare. This article describes such an event in a 36-year-old white male under subarachnoid block (SAB) anesthesia. At 25 minutes into surgery, the pulse oximeter and the ECG monitor both alarmed for nonsensing and asystole, respectively. The patient had experienced a complete AVB. "Cough cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)" was begun, and the patient was instructed to take deep breaths and cough as hard as possible. During the entire duration of the AVB, the patient never lost consciousness and continued cough CPR, with encouragement from the author. Ephedrine 12.5 mg in two doses was administered through the rapidly infusing intravenous line. The patient was continued on oxygen, as described, and the pulse oximeter continued to demonstrate a saturation greater than 96% during the entire event. After approximately 40 seconds, the patient's rhythm changed to a type 1, second-degree AVB. After an additional 15 minutes, the patient's sinus rhythm returned to normal. This event emphasizes the value of vigilance. Continuous monitoring, including pulse oximetry, blood pressure measurements, and continuous ECG, should be used on all patients receiving any form of anesthesia.
 ...
PMID:Paroxysmal atrioventricular block in a healthy patient receiving spinal anesthesia: a case report. 826 78

A 26-year-old man had a total repair of tetralogy of Fallot at 1 year of age, and had redo surgery for restenosis of the right ventricular outflow tract and small residual VSD at 11 years of age. After the second operation, AV block developed and an endocardial pacemaker system was implanted. For the last 3 years, he had mild febrile episodes, cough, occasional hemoptysis and paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia. Because of his refractory tachycardia and suspected infective endocarditis, he was admitted for further study. Blood culture revealed Peptostreptococcus, echocardiogram showed vegetation around intravenous pacing lead, and electrophysiological study demonstrated delayed potential on the left side of the right ventricular outflow tract. He underwent scartectomy and cryoablation of the focus of the tachycardia which was reconfirmed by epicardial and endocardial mapping during the operation, which involved removal of the endocardial lead and new outflow tract patch repair. His postoperative course was uneventful without any antiarrhythmic drugs. Pathological examination of the scar showed myocardial fibrosis and replacement by fatty tissue which was different from the pathological characters of the arrythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia.
 ...
PMID:[Successful scartectomy and cryoablation for ventricular tachycardia occurring late after correction of tetralogy of Fallot]. 896 97

In well designed studies in patients with mild to moderate hypertension, combinations of the sustained-release (SR) formulation of the nondihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist verapamil 120 to 240 mg/day and the ACE inhibitor trandolapril 0.5 to 8 mg/day were significantly more effective in reducing sitting systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) from baseline than placebo. In most randomised studies, combinations of verapamil SR 120 to 240 mg/day and trandolapril 0.5 to 8 mg/day were significantly more effective in lowering sitting DBP and SBP than the corresponding monotherapies administered at the same dosage. Trandolapril/verapamil SR 2/180 mg/day provided significantly more effective 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (BP) control than of the corresponding monotherapies. Moreover, trandolapril/verapamil SR reduced BP in patients inadequately controlled with either of the corresponding monotherapies. The antihypertensive efficacy of trandolapril/verapamil SR 2/180 mg/day was generally similar to that of other combinations of antihypertensive agents (metoprolol/hydrochlorothiazide, atenolol/chlorthalidone, lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide, enalapril/hydrochlorothiazide) in patients with hypertension, including those with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Trandolapril/verapamil SR reduced BP in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes or primary renal disease, Black patients and elderly patients. Trandolapril/verapamil SR was more effective than the individual components administered as monotherapy in reducing proteinuria in patients with type 2 diabetes or primary renal disease. Trandolapril/verapamil SR had a neutral or beneficial effect on metabolic parameters (glucose, insulin, lipids) in patients with hypertension, including those with type 2 diabetes. Trandolapril/verapamil SR preserved left ventricular function in patients with heart failure. Fewer cardiac events occurred after therapy with trandolapril/verapamil SR than after trandolapril alone in post-myocardial infarction patients with congestive heart failure. The incidence of adverse events in recipients of trandolapril/verapamil SR was similar to that of the individual components, and that of other combination therapies. In placebo-controlled trials conducted in the US, headache, upper respiratory tract infections, cough, constipation, atrioventricular block (first degree) and dizziness were the most commonly reported adverse events in recipients of combinations of verapamil SR (120 to 240 mg/day) and trandolapril (0.5 to 8 mg/day). In conclusion, the fixed-dose combination of trandolapril/verapamil SR is an effective treatment for patients with hypertension, including those with type 2 diabetes. Trandolapril/verapamil SR tended to be more effective than monotherapy with either verapamil SR or trandolapril, and generally showed antihypertensive efficacy similar to that of other combination antihypertensive therapies. Current data support the use of trandolapril/verapamil SR as an alternative treatment when monotherapy with either agent is not effective. Data from large clinical trials currently being conducted will assist in fully defining the role of trandolapril/verapamil SR as a cardio- and renoprotective agent.
 ...
PMID:Fixed combination trandolapril/verapamil sustained-release: a review of its use in essential hypertension. 1242 Nov 12

Questionnaires were sent to 46 hospitals of all over Japan in order to obtain the clinical data on sarcoidosis patients who were treated with oral corticosteroids. The number of female patients was greater than that of male patients (1.5:1), and the average age was 44.9 +/- 16.5 with peaks at 20 and at 50 to 60. The markers of disease activity were high in serum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF): specifically, the serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (sACE) was 27.9 +/- 31.9 IU/ml (n.v. < 21.4), and the CD4/CD8 lymphocyte ratio was 6.5 +/- 5.7. Eye involvement was the most common reason for systemic steroid therapy, followed in order by lung and heart involvement. The main reasons for steroid therapy were the exacerbation of ocular symptoms, visual disturbance, respiratory symptoms, such as cough or exertional dyspnea, progression of chest radiographic findings, heart failure and severe arrhythmia, such as AV block. The initial corticosteroid dose was usually 30 mg of predinisolone per day, but for some refractory cases, a 40-60 mg per day was used. Immunosuppressive drugs, such as methotrexate, were also used in the small number of patients who responded poorly to the steroid. Overall, a good clinical response to the drug was found in 70-80% of the steroid treated patients, but in those with cardiac disease, the response rate was only 48%.
 ...
PMID:Clinical characteristics of 195 Japanese sarcoidosis patients treated with oral corticosteroids. 1462 Jan 65


1 2 Next >>