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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bronchoconstriction associated with exercise can occur in nearly all individuals with asthma and in 35-40% of those with allergic rhinitis/hay fever symptoms. This represents approximately 12-15% of the population. Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by transient airflow obstruction typically 5-15 min after cessation of physical exertion. Symptoms may include chest tightness, breathlessness, coughing, and/or wheezing. Some individuals may experience delayed bronchoconstriction (late phase response) 6-10 h after completing exercise. Approximately 40-50% of those with asthma exhibit a "refractory period", i.e., diminished bronchoconstriction to exercise performed within 2 h. The pathophysiology of EIA is related to thermal events within the intrathoracic airways. Alterations in the temperature of the airways and/or osmolarity in the epithelial lining fluid cause release of mediators in the airways and the development of bronchoconstriction. Although EIA can be strongly suspected by an appropriate history, pulmonary function testing is necessary to make a specific diagnosis. Measurement of lung function is an important first diagnostic test. If there is no evidence of airflow obstruction at rest, then either bronchoprovocation testing or exercise challenge testing is indicated. Nonpharmacologic therapy includes "warm-up" exercise prior to training or competition to induce a "refractory period" and to prevent/reduce bronchoconstriction. An inhaled beta 2-adrenergic agonist, e.g., albuterol, is usually effective for preventing/treating EIA. Cromolyn sodium is an alternative class of medication that inhibits both the early and late phase responses. Other bronchodilator agents are available if combination therapy with an inhaled beta 2-adrenergic agonist and cromolyn sodium is not effective.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Exercise-induced asthma. 849 82

We compared the efficacy and tolerance of Azelastine nasal spray (0.14 mg in each nostril twice a day) versus Ebastine tablets (10 mg) as a single night dose in a Phase IV open, randomized, parallel-group clinical trial lasting 14 days, conducted with 63 patients diagnosed of seasonal allergic rhinitis. The symptoms assessed before and after the treatment period were: sneezing, nasal pruritus, rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, conjunctival erythema, eye pruritus, eye watering, photophobia, pharyngeal pruritus and cough. Each symptom was rated by the patients according to a 4-point scale: absent: 0, mild: 1, moderate: 2, and severe: 3. The score required to be included in the study was 8 or above. In addition, the resistance of nasal fossae was assessed, before and after the treatment, by active anterior rhinomanometry, as well as the appearance of adverse events. Both drugs were equally effective both in the control of symptoms and in decreasing the airway resistance and no statistically significant differences were observed in the variables tested in both groups. We concluded that Azelastine nasal spray is a treatment as effective as Ebastine in the relief of symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis, with an excellent tolerance and minimum adverse effects.
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PMID:Investigation on the efficacy and tolerance of azelastine (HCL) nasal spray versus ebastine tablets in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. 852 67

The association between measures of home dampness and symptoms of respiratory illness was evaluated in 1 340 8- to 12-y-old children in the Taipei area. The following were reported to occur in the homes: self-dampness (i.e., home considered damp by residents), 36.8% of the homes; "classified" dampness (i.e., presence of mold, water damage, or flooding), 72.3%; visible mold, 38.3%; stuffy odor, 33.9%; water damage, 47.8%; and flooding, 15.1%. Moreover, the prevalence of all respiratory symptoms was consistently higher in homes for which the occurrence of molds or dampness was reported. The adjusted odds ratios ranged from 1.37 (95% confidence interval: 1.03-1.83) for allergic rhinitis to 5.74 (95% confidence interval: 2.20-14.95) for cough. In addition, the observed high prevalence of home dampness/mold indicated that dampness in the home was very common in the subtropical region studied, and home dampness was a strong predictor of respiratory symptoms.
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PMID:Home dampness and childhood respiratory symptoms in a subtropical climate. 862 62

We report on the case of a 32-year-old atopic patient who showed a severe anaphylactic reaction due to the ingestion of a pollen compound prepared in an herbalist's. A few minutes after ingestion, generalized pruritus, difuse erythema, facial edema, cough, hoarseness and dysphonia appeared, and the emergency administration of subcutaneous epinephrine and intravenous methylprednisolone was necessary. Skin tests with a battery of inhalants and food allergens were performed. The patient only showed sensitization to Artemisia vulgaris, Taraxacum officinalis and Salix alba. Specific IgE levels were evaluated by FEIA-CAP giving a seric level of CAP class 3 to Artemisia vulgaris and class 2 to Taraxacum officinalis and Salix alba. Samples of the pollen compound were shown in the microscopical analysis to be 93% pollens and 6% fungi. In the qualitative study Taraxacum officinalis (15%), Artemisia vulgaris (5%) and Salix alba (15%) were the main elements identified. In summary, this case study describes a food-induced systemic reaction due to a pollen compound in an atopic patient with a history of allergic rhinitis. Pollinic patients must be informed on the risks that the consumption of these compounds might cause.
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PMID:Anaphylaxis induced by ingestion of a pollen compound. 880 13

Acute asthma is considered a complication of respiratory viral infections. This investigation assessed the effects of influenza A virus infection on both the patency and responsiveness of the lower airways. Subjects with allergic rhinitis (AR; n = 21) and without AR (non-AR; n = 25) were intranasally inoculated with influenza A virus and monitored for 8 d in a cloistered environment for changes in symptoms, signs, and airway physiology (pulmonary function, bronchial methacholine provocation). All subjects were infected after inoculation. Significant increases in nasal symptoms and secretion weights were observed, with peak effects on Days 3 and 4. Cough was a relatively minor symptom, and none of the subjects developed wheezing. Likewise, there were no significant changes in the measured functions of the lower airways. No effects on allergy status were observed. Under these experimental conditions, influenza A virus infection did not produce detectable alterations in lower airway function in health AR and non-AR subjects.
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PMID:Lower airway responses to influenza A virus in healthy allergic and nonallergic subjects. 881 Jun 2

The prevalence of atopy and related diseases is lower among children in Eastern European countries than in countries with a market economy. Such comparisons have not been made in adults. The European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) postal questionnaire was mailed to random samples of 3000 inhabitants in Tartu, Estonia, and 3600 in Uppsala, Sweden, between the ages of 20 and 44 years. Asthmatic symptoms (wheeze with breathlessness occurring in the absence of colds) were less prevalent in Tartu (4.6% vs 6.8%, P < 0.001), as were attacks of asthma (1.9% vs 3.3%, P < 0.01), current asthma medication (0.7% vs 4.9%), and allergic rhinitis (17.8% vs 22.2%, P < 0.001). Age was inversely related to allergic rhinitis in Uppsala (P < 0.05), but not in Tartu. Nocturnal respiratory symptoms (wakening with chest tightness or being woken by an attack of breathlessness or an attack of cough) were more prevalent in Tartu (P < 0.001), and their prevalence increased with age (P < 0.05) in Tartu, but not in Uppsala. Symptoms of asthma and hay fever were less common but other respiratory problems more common in Tartu than in Uppsala. The difference in the prevalence of hay fever diminished with age, supporting the notion that the increasing prevalence of allergy among children and young adults in Western Europe is caused by a cohort effect.
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PMID:The prevalence of asthmatic respiratory symptoms among adults in Estonian and Swedish university cities. 883 38

Acute asthma is considered to be a complication of respiratory viral infections. This investigation assessed the effects of rhinovirus 39 (RV-39) infection both on the patency and responsiveness of the lower airways. Subjects with allergic rhinitis (AR; n = 50) and without AR (non-AR; n = 46) were intranasally inoculated with RV-39, and monitored for 8 days in an enclosed environment for changes in symptoms, signs, and airway physiology (pulmonary function, bronchial methacholine provocation). All subjects were infected postinoculation. Significant increases in nasal symptoms and secretion weights were observed, with peak effects on days 2-3. Cough was a relatively minor symptom and none of the subjects developed wheezing. Likewise, there were no significant changes in the measured functions of the lower airways. No allergy status effects were observed. Under these experimental conditions, rhinovirus 39 infection did not produce detectable alterations in lower airway function in healthy subjects with and without allergic rhinitis.
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PMID:Lower airway responses to rhinovirus 39 in healthy allergic and nonallergic subjects. 883 50

Hypersensitivity to natural rubber latex (NRL) in health care personnel exposed to powdered latex gloves appears as conjunctivitis, rhinitis, nasal congestion, cough, dyspnea, or bronchial asthma in approximately 30% of all cases with latex allergy while most of the patients have contact urticaria. The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of latex-induced allergic rhinitis in health care workers using NRL gloves on a daily basis. Clinical examination accompanied by skin prick test (SPT) with latex glove extracts and common aeroallergens, measurements of specific IgE to NRL, and lung function tests were performed in 25 symptomatic workers and 11 latex-exposed asymptomatic controls. Sensitization to NRL was detected using SPT in one (4%) of 25 symptomatic workers but not in any of the asymptomatic controls. Positive SPT to aeroallergens was demonstrated in 8/25 symptomatic workers and 6/11 controls. Measurements of forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in I sec, and bronchial methacholine challenge did not show any significant differences between the study groups. In conclusion, NRL-aeroallergen-induced occupational rhinitis may occur among physicians and nurses who have a frequent use of latex gloves on a daily basis at hospital work. However, a relatively low prevalence of NRL-induced occupational rhinitis is associated with profuse consumption of no-powder sterile gloves.
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PMID:Glove-related rhinopathy among hospital personnel. 884 46

The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of sinusitis in a nonselected sample of children, and the relation of sinusitis to allergic rhinitis (AR), atopy, asthma, and cough in the same population sample. Of 1246 children enrolled at birth in the Tucson Children's Respiratory Study, 835 were studied at a mean age +/-SD of 8.6 +/- 0.7 years. Questionnaires asking about MD-Sinusitis, MD-AR, MD-Asthma, and cough were completed by parents. Skin tests for seven common aeroallergens in the Tucson area had been performed in 630 of the participating children at the mean age +/-SD of 6.3 +/- 0.9 years. Prevalence of MD-Sinusitis was 13.1%; 78% of subjects with MD-Sinusitis also had MD-AR. Detailed analysis of the relation between MD-Sinusitis and individual environmental allergens tested for showed that only a response to Bermuda grass pollen was significantly associated with MD-Sinusitis after controlling for MD-AR [adjusted odds ratio 2.3 (95% CI 1.2-4.3)]. Having MD-Sinusitis was also significantly associated with MD-Asthma and cough [odds ratios 3.0 (95% CI 1.8-5.2)] and 2.5 (95% CI 1.6-3.8), respectively]. However, logistic regression demonstrated that, after controlling for MD-AR and skin test reactivity, MD-Sinusitis was no longer significantly associated with MD-Asthma or cough. We conclude that MD-Sinusitis is a common condition in childhood. The main independent risk factors in our community for MD-Sinusitis were grass pollen and current MD-AR. MD-Sinusitis was not associated with MD-Asthma or with cough after controlling for skin test reactivity and for MD-AR.
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PMID:The relation between physician-diagnosed sinusitis, asthma, and skin test reactivity to allergens in 8-year-old children. 889 51

A new double-strength (84 micrograms/spray) formulation of beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP-ds) as an aqueous suspension has been introduced to control symptoms of allergic rhinitis with once-daily intranasal dosing. This paper reviews the results of three clinical reports which show that BDP-ds given once a day is more effective than placebo and as effective as regular-strength beclomethasone dipropionate given twice daily in reducing the nasal symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Symptom improvement was seen within 2 days of treatment initiation and was maintained for the subsequent 4 weeks. BDP-ds was found to be as safe and well tolerated as placebo. Adverse effects, which were generally mild, included headache, nasal burning/irritation, epistaxis, coughing, and pharyngitis. BDP-ds is safe for children as young as 6 years of age, and its once-daily dosing schedule may improve patient compliance.
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PMID:Clinical review of once-daily beclomethasone dipropionate for seasonal allergic rhinitis. 893 Apr 23


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