Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bacterial tracheitis (BT) was found in 10 of 748 children (1.3%) admitted with croup during 1983-1990. 9.9% of all the 748 croup cases seen (74) were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and 16 of the 74 required intubation. 10 of those intubated (62.5%) were found to have BT and had typical features of croup, including inspiratory stridor, hoarseness and cough. Airway obstruction resulted mainly from accumulated tracheal pus. After endotracheal intubation all required frequent suctioning of thick purulent secretions. In 2 children causative microorganisms were cultured from the blood, and in all 10 from the tracheal pus. All children were given antibiotic therapy but a 7 month-old girl died of secondary complications (respiratory syncytial virus infection, pneumonia and adult respiratory distress syndrome). The others recovered and were discharged from the PICU within 3-14 days. BT should be suspected when tracheal intubation is required in croup. In such cases close monitoring in a PICU and frequent tracheal suctioning after intubation is necessary; antibiotic therapy should be considered.
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PMID:[Bacterial tracheitis in children]. 178 11

We studied a random sample of 436 subjects with TOS aged 18 to 60 years, to assess the prevalence of respiratory involvement four years after onset of the syndrome. Clinical evaluation together with chest roentgenograms, electrocardiogram and functional respiratory tests were carried out. Respiratory involvement occurred in 390 (89.4 percent) individuals and was the most common abnormality detected, followed by neurological disorders in 289 (66.3 percent), osteoarticular symptoms in 171 (39.2 percent), psychiatric disorders in 96 (22 percent), hepatic involvement in 91 (20.9 percent), and sclerodermatous sequelae in 89 (20.4 percent). Among patients with respiratory involvement, dyspnea and cough were the most common complaints. Decreased VC was observed in 151 (34.6 percent) patients and reduced transfer factor of CO in 95 (21.8 percent) patients. Airway obstruction and alveolar hypoventilation were observed only in nine (2.1 percent) patients. Six (1.4 percent) patients suffered from pulmonary artery hypertension.
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PMID:Persistence of respiratory abnormalities four years after the onset of toxic oil syndrome. 190 37

Airway obstruction from aspiration of a foreign body should be suspected in all infants and children who have swallowing or respiratory difficulties. If the patient is unable to clear the airway by coughing, the Heimlich maneuver should be attempted. Parents can help to prevent airway obstruction by keeping small objects away from infants and children and by teaching them to chew food thoroughly.
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PMID:Wheezing as a sign of foreign-body aspiration in infants and children. 194 8

Following acute exposure to chlorine gas, 18 asymptomatic subjects were evaluated for early pulmonary dysfunction. Airway obstruction was evident in all exposed individuals immediately after chlorine exposure. The severity, course of the obstructive defect, and clinical picture correlated with the chief complaint on admission. The obstructive abnormalities resolved within 1 wk after exposure to chlorine in 12 subjects whose chief complaint was cough. A slower resolution of the physiologic changes, clinical signs, and symptoms was noted in 6 subjects whose initial chief complaint was dyspnea. In this group, maximum mid-expiratory flow rate (FEF25-75%), and forced expiratory flow after exhaling 50% and 75% of the vital capacity (FEF50% and FEF25%, respectively) were still diminished 2 wk after chlorine exposure. The slow rate of resolution in the dyspnea group is best explained by increased individual susceptibility since a past medical history of smoking or asthma and "wheezing" was more prevalent in this group.
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PMID:Resolution of pulmonary dysfunction following acute chlorine exposure. 684 55

The effects of a pulmonary rehabilitation program on 44 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were compared to a control group. The treated group was admitted to the program for a period of three months. The program consisted of several parts, such as physical training, health education, and psychological and social matters. Before participation, the patients were thoroughly examined and provided with optimal medical treatment. Both groups were assessed by means of biometrical tests and questionnaires for a period of 2 years. The rehabilitation group improved significantly in endurance, psychological parameters, and consumption of medical care. Working days increased and their way of life became more active. Smoking habits and body fat percentage decreased. Bronchial hyperreactivity, need for pulmonary drugs, and coughing and sputum production did not improve in the rehabilitation group compared to the control group. Airway obstruction, expressed as forced expiratory volume in one second, and complaints of dyspnea, allergy and hyperreactivity scores on questionnaires improved only in the short term (< 1 year), but did not improve significantly in the long term. This study shows that pulmonary rehabilitation can result in improvements in patients with asthma or COPD who have many complaints despite the fact that their pulmonary function is not severely disturbed.
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PMID:A pulmonary rehabilitation program for patients with asthma and mild chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). 834 Oct 90

The purpose of the study was to compare the incidence of complications (coughing, biting, retching, vomiting, excessive salivation and airway obstruction) associated with removal of the laryngeal mask airway. The laryngeal mask airway was used in 100 adults undergoing urological procedures. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups. In 50 patients the laryngeal mask was removed by a nurse when the patient responded to commands in the recovery area. In the other 50 patients it was removed by the anaesthetist with the patient deeply anaesthetized in theatre. The majority of patients were elderly men who had relatively short procedures. The incidence of gastric regurgitation was assessed by measurement of pH of secretions at the tip of the laryngeal mask airway. Complications occurred more frequently in the awake patients (P < 0.01). Most were minor and occurred before removal of the laryngeal mask airway during emergence in the recovery room. Airway obstruction occurred in three patients in whom the laryngeal mask was removed in the recovery room. In two of these patients the oxygen saturation decreased below 80% and the other to 90%. No decrease in arterial oxygenation occurred in the anaesthetised patients in whom the laryngeal mask was removed by the anaesthetist. In 14 patients in the awake group the pH of secretions at the tip of the laryngeal mask was < or = 3 compared with only four patients in the anaesthetised group (P < 0.05). It is concluded that it may be safer to remove the laryngeal mask airway whilst the patients are deeply anaesthetised in the operating room than when they are awake in the recovery room.
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PMID:Complications associated with removal of the laryngeal mask airway: a comparison of removal in deeply anaesthetised versus awake patients. 859 87

The purpose of this study is to compare the incidence of undesirable respiratory events when the laryngeal mask airway is either removed from patients who are fully awake or from patients who are deeply anaesthetized. Three-hundred patients aged 1.5-81 years were randomly assigned to have their laryngeal mask airway removed either when deeply anaesthetized or after airway reflexes had returned. The occurrence of adverse respiratory events (coughing, oxygen desaturation and airway obstruction) was recorded. Airway obstruction after laryngeal mask airway removal was evident in 20% of patients in the deep anaesthesia group and in 8% of patients in the awake group (P = 0.007). In spite of this finding, oxygen desaturation in children of less than 6 years of age (SaO2 < 96%) occurred most frequently after awake removal (31.3%) compared with deep anaesthesia removal (4.5%) (P = 0.023).
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PMID:Removal of the laryngeal mask airway: factors affecting the incidence of post-operative adverse respiratory events in 300 patients. 1023 95

Bronchoscopic ethanol injection (BEI) therapy for endobronchial malignant tumor is thought to be an effective modality for airway dilatation and hemostasis without expensive special equipment. But if ethanol leaks into the airway, it causes severe coughing and erosion of bronchial wall. Using endoscopic video information system (EVIS), an assistant operator can observe an ethanol leak and inject an adequate volume. To evaluate the efficacy and adverse effect of BEI therapy, we treated 8 patients with endobronchial malignant tumor using EVIS. Under local anesthesia, a video-bronchoscope (Olympus BF200 or BF 1T200) was inserted orally, a transbronchial aspiration cytology (TBAC) needle was inserted via the biopsy channel, and injections of 0.2 ml of 99% ethanol into the tumor were repeated. After the tumor degenerated to necrotic tissue, it was removed with a biopsy forceps, and this maneuver was repeated for the existing fresh lesion. The total volume of injected ethanol was 4.5 + 1.6 ml (mean + SD). Airway obstruction and atelectasis were relieved in 4 cases, and hemostasis was obtained in 2 cases. In 2 cases, airway dilatation and hemostasis were not obtained. BEI was more effective in the patients with polypoid or nodular tumor protruding into the airway lumen. As for adverse effects, ethanol leaks caused a severe cough in 2 cases, although they were tolerable and treatment could be continued. BEI therapy using EVIS was thought to be useful to control airway obstruction by endobronchial polypoid tumor with good cost-effectiveness and fewer adverse effects.
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PMID:[Intratumoral ethanol injection therapy using endoscopic video information system]. 1056 Apr 13

Sevoflurane has a non-pungent odour and provides smooth induction of anaesthesia. In contrast, isoflurane is irritating to the airway when used for induction, and this may also be evident during emergence from anaesthesia. We measured the end-tidal concentration of anaesthetic that prevented response to extubation in 50% of patients (MACEX) in adults receiving either sevoflurane or isoflurane. Airway complications during emergence from anaesthesia were also noted. We studied 51 adult patients, ASA 1, aged 36-59 yr. Patients received sevoflurane (n = 29) or isoflurane (n = 22) for elective intraocular surgery. The concentration at which extubation was attempted was determined by a modification of Dixon's up-and-down method. When tracheal extubation was accomplished without coughing and gross purposeful muscular movements within 1 min after extubation, it was considered a smooth tracheal extubation. Patients who developed breath-holding or laryngospasm immediately after tracheal extubation were regarded as not having been extubated smoothly. In addition, patients were observed for respiratory events during the remainder of the emergence period. MACEX values for sevoflurane and isoflurane were 1.07% and 0.83%, respectively. ED95 values of sevoflurane and isoflurane were 2.04% and 1.19%, respectively. In 12 patients in the isoflurane group, extubation was smooth but six patients had coughing episodes during the remainder of the emergence period. In contrast, one of 15 patients in the sevoflurane group in whom tracheal extubation was smooth coughed later (P = 0.035). Airway obstruction was frequent when tracheal extubation was performed at end-tidal concentrations exceeding 1 MACEX for each anaesthetic.
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PMID:End-tidal sevoflurane concentration for tracheal extubation (MACEX) in adults: comparison with isoflurane. 1056 78

Cough and wheezing interferes with sport and other forms of physical activity in half of asthmatic children. Airway obstruction can be induced by a standard exercise test in over 70% of children with asthma. A beta-adrenergic agonist or cromone taken by inhalation beforehand will usually inhibit bronchoconstriction provoked by a free running exercise test. The duration of protective effect with salbutamol, terbutaline and cromones is less than 4 h. The long acting beta-adrenergic agonists formoterol and salmeterol give protection against exercise-induced airway obstruction for up to 12 h, which implies that treatment given in the morning will offer protection from the effects of physical activity throughout the day. However, the duration of protective effect after a morning dose declines if these compounds are given regularly. Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LRAs) also provide good protection against exercise-induced asthma. Regular administration of LRAs is not associated with tolerance and loss of protective effect. The oral route makes for unobtrusive administration and this may help adherence to prescribed regimens.
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PMID:Choices of therapy for exercise-induced asthma in children. 1142 36


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