Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection has a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic seroconversion to a severe symptomatic illness resembling infectious mononucleosis or other medical conditions including hepatitis, meningoencephalitis, or pneumonitis. Without clinical alertness, the illness is usually misdiagnosed or even not considered. Here we report 3 cases of acute HIV-1 infection with either a negative HIV-1 antibody assay or an indeterminate Western blot result, but high plasma levels of HIV-1 RNA. The initial presentations included fever, skin rash, sore throat, neck lymphadenopathy, cough and headache. One patient presented with infectious mononucleosis-like illness, 1 with aseptic meningitis, and 1 with acute tonsillitis. Physicians should be alert to the possibility of acute HIV-1 infection, especially in cases with unexplained fever, lymphadenopathy or rash.
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PMID:Acute human immunodeficiency virus infection. 1569 30

URTIs are the most common reason for general practice consultations. On average adults suffer two to three such infections per year. When assessing a patient with a URTI in general practice it is important to recognise which patients may require antibiotics, further investigations and/or hospital referral. NICE recommends immediate antibiotics or further investigation and/or management in the following patients who are at risk of complications: Systemically very unwell. Features suggestive of serious illness and complications. Pre-existing comorbidities Older than 65 years with acute cough and two or more of the following, or older than 80 years with acute cough and one or more of the following: hospitalisation in the previous year; diabetes; history of congestive heart failure; current use of oral glucocorticoids. Antibiotics should also be considered for patients with three or more Centor criteria. In other cases (acute otitis media, acute sore throat/pharyngitis/acute tonsillitis, common cold, acute rhinosinusitis or acute cough/acute bronchitis) NICE advocates a no prescribing or delayed prescribing strategy. Most URTIs are self-managed. Patients who do seek consultations often benefit from reassurance, education and instructions for symptomatic home treatment.
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PMID:Tackling upper respiratory tract infections. 2116 96

We determined the profile of respiratory morbidity in family practice in the region a cross-sectional study in 86 primary health care centres in Souse over 1 year (2002-03). Medical records for 3 weeks per season were randomly selected. The International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC) was used to code recorded data. Respiratory diseases ranked first both for reason for consultation (8397/24 882, 33.7%) and for diagnosis made (7788/18 097, 43.0%). Of the 7715 respiratory complaints, cough was the most common complaint (54.8%). Of respiratory diagnoses, 37.1% were acute tonsillitis, 26.5% acute bronchitis and 21.6% were acute respiratory tract infection. Children under 5 years were most affected by acute upper respiratory tract infections (44.5%). Acute bronchitis was the primary diagnosis for patients aged over 45 years.
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PMID:[Respiratory morbidity in family practice in the region of Sousse, Tunisia]. 2179 57

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) account for a large part of antibiotic prescriptions in primary care. However, guidelines advise restrictive antibiotic prescribing for RTIs. Only in certain circumstances, depending on, e.g., comorbidity, are antibiotics indicated. Most studies on guideline adherence do not account for this. We aimed to assess guideline adherence for antibiotic prescribing for RTIs as well as its variation between general practices (GPs), accounting for patient characteristics. We used data from electronic health records of GPs in the Netherlands. We selected patients who consulted their GP for acute cough, rhinitis, rhinosinusitis or sore throat in 2014. For each disease episode we assessed whether, according to the GP guideline, there was an indication for antibiotics, using the patient's sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidity and co-medication. We assessed antibiotic prescribing for episodes with no or an unsure indication according to the guidelines. We analysed 248,896 episodes. Diagnoses with high rates of antibiotic prescribing when there was no indication include acute tonsillitis (57%), strep throat (56%), acute bronchitis (51%) and acute sinusitis (48%). Prescribing rates vary greatly between diagnoses and practices. Reduction of inappropriate antibiotic prescribing remains a key target to tackle antimicrobial resistance. Insight into reasons for guideline non-adherence may guide successful implementation of the variety of interventions already available for GPs and patients.
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PMID:Guideline Adherence in Antibiotic Prescribing to Patients with Respiratory Diseases in Primary Care: Prevalence and Practice Variation. 3289 23