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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The activity coordination of the dorsal gill arch muscles in a teleost, the carp, is described and the effect of their contraction in combination with the respiratory pump movements is analysed. Based on their origin and insertion the dorsal branchial arch muscles can be divided into three groups: the external branchial arch levators, connecting the branchial arches to the neurocranium, the internal branchial arch levators, connecting the pharyngobranchials to the neurocranium and the dorsal oblique muscles, interconnecting the branchial arches and pharyngobranchials. Functionally, however, there are only two categories with the following properties. The first, which consists of the external branchial arch levators alone, is active during every respiratory cycle, including the cough. These muscles expand the branchial basket through gill arch abduction and, in combination with hyomandibular pumping movements, lower the floor of the buccal cavity. The results of these combined movements are: The gill arches remain evenly distributed within the expanding branchial cavities during inspiration, so that continuity of the gill curtain is maintained. Water flow resistance is reduced also. The volume of water flowing into the buccal cavity during inspiration is increased. The second category, comprising the internal branchial arch levators and the dorsal oblique muscles, contracts only during the cough and else is completely inactive. Contraction of these muscles reinforces the dorsal suspension of the gill arches by firmly anchoring the pharyngobranchials and epibranchials to the base of the skull. In this way strong, caudally directed forces which develop during the intermediate expansion of the cough can be prevented from dislocating the branchial basket.
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PMID:Gill arch movements and the function of the dorsal gill arch muscles in the carp. 400 6

The effects of electrical stimulation of epibranchial vagus ganglia upon respiration of the carp were investigated. Single shocks evoked fast twitch responses in a number of respiratory muscles with latencies around 18 msec to the beginning and 30-35 msec to the peak of activity. Shocks given during abduction decreased the respiratory cycle duration by shortening abduction and accelerating adduction. Stimuli given throughout most of adduction also shortened the respiratory cycle, accelerating the adduction only. These responses are similar to vagally mediated lung receptor reflexes of mammals. Stimulation with short trains of pulses produced a rapid expansion-contraction movement. This movement resembles in all respects (shape, time in the respiratory cycle, muscle coordination) the intermediate expansion of a normal coughing movement. Continual stimulation at frequencies close to the normal respiratory rate had a synchronising influence upon respiration, speeding up or slowing down its rate. HRP applied to the third vagal ganglion showed that there is a small projection of this ganglion to the nucleus intermedius facialis, although the majority of sensory fibres terminate in the vagal lobe. The nucleus intermedius facialis is already known to connect directly with the respiratory motor centres and thus might provide a pathway for the fast twitch response. A projection was also found to the nucleus ambiguus; in mammals this nucleus plays an important role in the regulation of respiratory movements.
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PMID:Respiratory responses to stimulation of branchial vagus nerve ganglia of a teleost fish. 684 58

An 80-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department with acute dysphagia symptoms of 8 hours' duration. The problem began after a carp fish meal. Prominent symptoms included inability to swallow, mild dyspnea, and cough. Laboratory evaluation and fiber-optic examination of the upper aerodigestive tract was normal except for accumulation of saliva in the hypopharynx. Examination with a flexible esophagoscope revealed a total blockage of the lumen of the lower esophagus due to impaction of carp fish roe (column-like formation). With careful maneuvers and water pressure we were able to relieve the obstruction. No other lesion was detectable and no further interventions were needed. Patient follow-up was uneventful.
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PMID:Acute dysphagia after carp fish meal: a case report. 1636 19