Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0009952 (febrile convulsions)
 1,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier during acute inflammation of the central nervous system leads to changes of the cerebrospinal fluid (C.S.F.) protein pattern. Initially, in the cases of bacterial meningitis, cellulos acetate electrophoresis revealed decreased prealbumin, albumin and tau-globulin fraktion whereas alpha- and gamma-globulin fractions were found increased. In later stages of purulent inflammation a hydrocephalus occurred in five children, associated with an increased amount of albumin in the C.S.F. Cases of viral meningoencephalitis had a characteristic decrease of prealbumin and increase of gamma-globulin, the lowered prealbumin values were found more often. In three cases of congenital encephalitis pathological patterns of C.S.F. proteins were still found 1--1 1/2 years postpartum. Children with acute peripheral facial palsy and febrile convulsions had a normal C.S.F. protein profile.
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PMID:The fractionation of cerebrospinal fluid proteins by cellulose acetate electrophoresis in children with infectious diseases of the central nervous system (author's transl). 5 34

Cerebrospinal fluid amino acid concentrations were measured in 16 pediatric patients with febrile convulsions, in 9 with bacterial meningitis, and in 8 noninfected newborn infants. Most CSF amino acids are present in greater concentration in patients with bacterial meningitis than in those without CNS infection. Newborn infants have elevated CNS amino acid concentrations similar to those found in older patients with bacterial meningitis. The reason for increased amino acid concentration in the meningitis group may be due to alterations in brain metabolism, changes in the kinetics of CSF formation, alterations in the removal of amino acids by active transport mechanisms, or a combination of factors. Delayed maturation of transport mechanisms may explain the high levels found in newborn infants.
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PMID:Child neurology: Amino acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid. 71 78

Calcium and magnesium have been measured in cerebrospinal fluid by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in children. The normal values on 194 C.S.F., obtaining for the calcium x: 5.24 mg. % and s: +/- 0.378 mg. % [50--56 % lower than serum values] and for magnesium x: 2.64 mg. % and s: +/- 0.155 mg. % [19--33 % higher than serum values] are found. Higher values of calcium at birth and on the first year of life and no differences with magnesium are noted. Applying the t-test, between normal values obtained and the different pathological entities, authors find singificant differences on the level of calcium, finding higher values on the following diseases: dehydration by diarrhoea, poliomyelitis, anoxy, tumours, bacterial meningitis. Magnesium showed values significantly higher in dehydration by diarrhoea and epilepsy, and values significantly lower on febrile convulsions and virical and bacterial meningitis.
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PMID:[Study of calcium and magnesium in cerebrospinal fluid and its' relation to different neurological diseases (author's transl)]. 72 8

In this study, adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels of serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in a total 28 children (13 with bacterial meningitis, 5 with mumps meningoencephalitis and 10 with febrile convulsions) were determined. The comparisons between the serum values were insignificant (p greater than 0.05) but the CSF levels of the children with bacterial meningitis were higher than in the others (p less than 0.05). These findings suggest that serum ADA levels are not important in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of these diseases. However, ADA levels of CSF may be useful in differentiating between bacterial and viral meningitis.
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PMID:The value of CSF adenosine deaminase levels in the differential diagnosis of childhood meningitis. 144 Sep 56

The authors report 522 infants and young children aged between one month and six years who presented with convulsions and fever as emergencies in Nigeria. 22 had bacterial meningitis, six of whom lacked the usual signs of meningitis. Although features of complex febrile convulsions were significantly associated with bacterial meningitis, it is concluded that, as an aid to the early diagnosis of bacterial meningitis, all preschool children convulsing with fever in developing countries should have a lumbar puncture. This may reduce the contribution of meningitis to chronic neurological disabilities. The necessity for such a policy is illustrated by a case report of a young infant with convulsions and fever caused by meningitis, seen at a general hospital.
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PMID:Convulsions with fever as a presenting feature of bacterial meningitis among preschool children in developing countries. 161 11

During the period April 1985 to November 1986 (18 months), 196 children (of age greater than 1 month) admitted to the Children's Emergency Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan, with clinical suspicion of meningitis/meningoencephalitis were followed up prospectively. Bacterial meningitis was diagnosed by culture, direct microscopy and/or antigen-detecting assays (co-agglutination and enzyme immunoassay) in 44 infants (25 Haemophilus influenzae type b, 8 Neisseria meningitidis, 7 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 3 enterobacteria and one mixed infection), aseptic meningitis in 52, cerebral malaria in 4 and febrile convulsions in 96. The majority of cases of bacterial meningitis were boys and 57% of those in whom H. influenzae was the commonest isolate were less than 1 year old. The presenting signs and symptoms are described as well as the transient and permanent short-term sequelae. The total mortality from bacterial meningitis was 19%, permanent neurological sequelae were seen in 26% of survivors. Prospective follow-up, including audiometry, of 35 children 1-2 months after discharge showed that 11% had hemiplegia and 20% had hearing impairment. The potential impact of vaccination against invasive H. influenzae infections is discussed.
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PMID:Endemic bacterial meningitis in Sudanese children: aetiology, clinical findings, treatment and short-term outcome. 169 86

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) arginine vasopressin (AVP) levels are reported in a group of 22 children (median age 24 months) investigated for possible bacterial meningitis and subsequently found not to be suffering from this disease. The mean CSF AVP concentration was 0.80 +/- 0.33 pg/ml. The results obtained in patients suffering from febrile convulsions (mean 0.71 pg/ml), other convulsive disorders (mean 0.80 pg/ml) and miscellaneous infectious diseases (mean 0.85 pg/ml) did not differ significantly from one another. Our findings confirm the presence of AVP in the CSF of children and provide reference values for further investigations into the functions of CSF AVP in children.
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PMID:Arginine vasopressin concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of children. 179 21

A major activator of antigen presenting cells (APC) is gamma interferon a product of activated T-lymphocytes. CNS is not well studied and represents a unique system with respect to the immune reactions. Neopterin is an indirect marker of gamma interferon deliberation and may give some new information on the role of APC in CNS. Neopterin in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was determined by specific RIA in children who were lumbar punctured to exclude meningitis. Neopterin was found in various concentrations in serum and CSF of all patients (n = 47). Bacterial meningitis (group 3) was diagnosed in 12 and aseptic meningitis in 18 children (group 2). CSF was drawn in 17 children with febrile convulsions (group 1). Elevated serum neopterin in childhood was only reported in children with an atypical PKU, while data on CSF neopterin were published only in a few cases of adults with CNS involvement. The results show that the APC is stimulated rapidly in childhood similar as in adults following severe viral or bacterial infections. Furthermore neopterin in CSF is not only explained by alteration of the blood-brain barrier but also it may reflect local intrathecal response with activation of accessory cells (APC) in the CNS itself. Between the stimulation of the cellular immune system indicated by increased levels of neopterin and the severity of the disease seems to be a positive correlation.
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PMID:[Intrathecal production of neopterin in meningitis in childhood]. 226 5

C-reactive protein (C-RP) determinations were performed by the Latex agglutination method on the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of 212 patients with clinical features suggestive of meningitis. Patients were grouped as follows Group I: bacterial meningitis and partially treated bacterial meningitis (n = 22). Group II: viral encephalitis (n = 11). Group III: tuberculous meningitis (n = 18). Group IV: (i) febrile convulsions (n = 87); (ii) epileptic seizures (n = 70); (iii) intracranial haemorrhage (n = 4). C-RP was a better indicator of bacterial meningitis (sensitivity 91 per cent) than the Gram's stain (sensitivity 46 per cent). C-RP was positive in 91 per cent of patients in Group I, none in Groups II and III and 0.6 per cent in Group IV. C-RP determination in CSF proved to be a useful indicator of bacterial meningitis and served to distinguish it from viral encephalitis, tuberculous meningitis, febrile convulsions and other central nervous system disorders.
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid C-reactive protein measurement--a bedside test in the rapid diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. 228 91

In a 12-month prospective study in 1984, blood and urinary cultures were obtained as a routine from 307 children who presented with fever and convulsions to the Mater Misericordiae Children's Hospital, Brisbane, and the results were compared with data from 1981-1983 when cultures were not taken as a routine. In the prospective study, bacteraemia was found in 12 (4.3%) of 282 patients but was not suspected clinically in half of these; urinary-tract infection was found in seven (2.6%) of 272 patients and in six of these it was not suspected clinically. All 12 patients with unsuspected bacteraemia or urinary-tract infection had persistent fever; of these, nine patients suffered simple convulsions and all cases of urinary-tract infection occurred in female patients. Bacteraemia was significantly more common in patients of less than two years of age, in children who were selected for lumbar puncture and in the study period compared with the retrospective period, 1981-1983. Leukocytosis (white-cell count, more than 15.0 X 10(9)/L) was a sensitive (75%) diagnostic aid but was poorly specific (59%) for bacteraemia. Bacterial meningitis was not diagnosed initially in four of the nine cases which occurred among children who presented with fever and convulsions between 1981 and 1984; in all four children, the cerebrospinal fluid appeared normal at hospital admission. We conclude that bacteraemia and urinary-tract infections are detected more frequently in children who are admitted to hospital with febrile convulsions when cultures are performed as a routine. In the at-risk group (children of less than two years of age), the prevalence of urinary-tract infection is increased in female patients and the prevalence of bacteraemia is increased in those patients who are selected for lumbar puncture. The use of leukocytosis as a criterion to determine the need for blood cultures improves the diagnostic yield but would result in increased costs and additional venepuncture. Bacterial meningitis was rare in our case series and the performance of a lumbar puncture as a routine at admission to hospital would not have led to its earlier diagnosis.
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PMID:Unsuspected bacterial infections in febrile convulsions. 230 24


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