Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0009952 (febrile convulsions)
 1,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A major activator of antigen presenting cells (APC) is gamma interferon a product of activated T-lymphocytes. CNS is not well studied and represents a unique system with respect to the immune reactions. Neopterin is an indirect marker of gamma interferon deliberation and may give some new information on the role of APC in CNS. Neopterin in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was determined by specific RIA in children who were lumbar punctured to exclude meningitis. Neopterin was found in various concentrations in serum and CSF of all patients (n = 47). Bacterial meningitis (group 3) was diagnosed in 12 and aseptic meningitis in 18 children (group 2). CSF was drawn in 17 children with febrile convulsions (group 1). Elevated serum neopterin in childhood was only reported in children with an atypical PKU, while data on CSF neopterin were published only in a few cases of adults with CNS involvement. The results show that the APC is stimulated rapidly in childhood similar as in adults following severe viral or bacterial infections. Furthermore neopterin in CSF is not only explained by alteration of the blood-brain barrier but also it may reflect local intrathecal response with activation of accessory cells (APC) in the CNS itself. Between the stimulation of the cellular immune system indicated by increased levels of neopterin and the severity of the disease seems to be a positive correlation.
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PMID:[Intrathecal production of neopterin in meningitis in childhood]. 226 5

C-reactive protein (C-RP) determinations were performed by the Latex agglutination method on the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of 212 patients with clinical features suggestive of meningitis. Patients were grouped as follows Group I: bacterial meningitis and partially treated bacterial meningitis (n = 22). Group II: viral encephalitis (n = 11). Group III: tuberculous meningitis (n = 18). Group IV: (i) febrile convulsions (n = 87); (ii) epileptic seizures (n = 70); (iii) intracranial haemorrhage (n = 4). C-RP was a better indicator of bacterial meningitis (sensitivity 91 per cent) than the Gram's stain (sensitivity 46 per cent). C-RP was positive in 91 per cent of patients in Group I, none in Groups II and III and 0.6 per cent in Group IV. C-RP determination in CSF proved to be a useful indicator of bacterial meningitis and served to distinguish it from viral encephalitis, tuberculous meningitis, febrile convulsions and other central nervous system disorders.
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid C-reactive protein measurement--a bedside test in the rapid diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. 228 91

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) has recently proved to be a useful marker of neuron damage. We determined NSE levels in the serum and CSF of 117 children with various neurological disorders (43 with febrile convulsion, 25 with seizure disorder, 32 with meningitis, 3 with brain tumor, 2 with Reye syndrome, 3 with congenital CNS malformation and 9 with other disorders). The purpose of this study is to assess the potential usefulness of NSE in diagnosis and prognosis. Twenty CSF and serum samples of children without neurological problem served as a control. The mean values of the NSE levels in the CSF and serum of the control group were 5.00 +/- 1.65 ng/ml and 8.34 +/- 4.40 ng/ml respectively. The peak values were found in cases with brain tumor. A patient died of Reye syndrome didn't show a very high level of NSE in the serum or CSF. However, we found significant differences in NSE levels between the patients with febrile convulsions and those with seizure disorders (non-febrile, abnormal EEG). Most of our patients with febrile convulsions were cases of simple febrile convulsion, and their NSE levesin the CSF and serum were 4.55 +/- 1.00 and 8.06 +/- 3.18 ng/ml. Cases with non-febrile seizure disorders had significantly higher level of NSE in both CSF and serum (P less than 0.05). Patients with purulent meningitis usually had higher levels than those with aseptic meningitis. Our study can be summarized thus: 1. A normal level of NSE does not exclude severe neuron damage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Studies of neuron-specific enolase levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of children with neurological diseases. 234 56

An epidemiological community-based study of incident cases with non-provoked epileptic seizures, using case-referent methodology, was carried out to explore possible risk factors for epileptic seizures. 83 cases, between 17 and 74 years of age, of whom 67.4% had seizures of localized onset, were compared with 2 age- and sex-matched referents. Higher birth weight, movement disabilities, mental retardation, head trauma, brain tumor, depression, a period of unemployment during the previous 6 months and a history of epilepsy in relatives were more common in cases than in referent subjects. No difference was found in the socioeconomic factors investigated, except that the cases belonged to smaller households. Prematurity, home or hospital birth, parents' age at birth of cases or referents, febrile convulsions in relatives, various infections including meningitis and encephalitis, cerebrovascular disease, and alcohol, tobacco, sleep and nutritional habits were not found to be associated with development of seizures. The recent life events investigated, at home or at work, occurred as often in cases as in referents, except that significantly fewer cases had received any increase in salary during the last 6 months. The relationship between depression and development of seizures should be explored further. Moreover, the possibility of false negative results should be considered because of the sample size.
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PMID:An incident case-referent study of epileptic seizures in adults. 235 57

We have studied prospectively the C-reactive protein values in the cerebrospinal fluid of 54 patients with bacterial meningitis, tuberculous meningitis, and severe malarial infection and convulsions without infections of the central nervous system. CSF CRP above 1 mg/l was observed in 23 out of 28 patients with bacterial meningitis (sensitivity of 82%). The specificity was 73% at the 1 mg/l level. Five out of 19 patients with severe malarial infection had CSF CRP levels above 1 mg/l. Two patients with TB meningitis were also studied. Both of them had CSF CRP above 1 mg/l. Five patients with febrile convulsions or sepsis without meningitis had CSF CRP below 1 mg/l. It is concluded that CSF CRP would not be used as a useful discriminatory test in areas where malaria and TB meningitis are common.
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PMID:C-reactive protein and bacterial meningitis. 246 9

A 32-year-old man had generalized tonic-clonic epileptic seizures associated with episodes of recurrent high fever for 6 years. Repeated physical examinations including neurological status, EEG and nuclear brain scan were negative. Brain CT showed a non-homogeneous parasellar cyst of low density and fat-fluid levels in the lateral ventricles. The diagnosis of intracranial dermoid cyst was confirmed at surgery and histopathologically. Recurrent febrile convulsions and chemical meningitis may be the only clinical manifestations of ruptured dermoid cyst. The CT features of intracranial dermoid cyst are pathognomonic.
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PMID:Febrile convulsions in an adult as presenting symptom of intracranial dermoid cyst: a case report. 319 87

We studied the clinical and electroencephalographic (EEG) characteristics of 45 patients with mid-line spikes. The incidence of mid-line spikes was 3.0% in total EEG population in childhood. Sex incidence was equal. First appearance age of mid-line spikes ranged from one month to 12 years, with a mean of 5.0 years old. Fz focus was in 3 patients, Cz in 31 and Pz in 11. Thirty two of the 45 patients (71%) had a history of clinical seizures; 16 with febrile convulsions and 16 with epileptic seizures. Of the remaining 13 patients without a history of seizures, the EEG was obtained because of post-meningitis in 4, developmental delayed in 4, migraine in 1 and miscellaneous in 4. Mid-line spikes might not have so strong correlations with clinical seizures. Ten patients had a family history of epilepsy and/or febrile convulsion. In the patients with seizures, generalized tonic-clonic seizures were the most frequent type (18; primary GTC and 10; secondary GTC with partial onset). Elementary symptoms of partial seizures were very variable (focal motor in 5, Jacksonian march in 1, aversive in 1, autonomic in 2 and automatism in 5), and which might be related to the other lesions such as temporal and/or frontal lobes. Seizure control was almost good except for two patients with organic brain damage. And other neurological symptoms were not also progressive. On EEG findings, twenty-two patients had midline spikes as their only epileptiform abnormality. The remaining twenty-three had an additional epileptiform feature, either a focal spikes or a generalized spike-wave.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical and EEG evaluation of mid-line spikes in childhood]. 324 96

Simultaneous blood and CSF glucose levels were investigated in 143 febrile children without cerebromeningeal illness, who were evaluated due to fever in the first 2 months of life or febrile convulsions. There was a significant decrease (P less than 0.001) in the mean CSF-blood glucose ratio from 0.67 +/- 0.13 in the first 2 weeks of life to 0.56 +/- 0.11, 0.57 +/- 0.8 and 0.58 +/- 0.11 at the ages 2-4, 5-6 and 6-8 weeks, respectively. The mean CSF and blood glucose levels did not change significantly in this period. After the 2nd month of life there was a significant rise P less than 0.01 in the mean CSF-blood glucose ratio to 0.72 +/- 0.11, the customary normal value in children. This was associated with a significant rise in CSF glucose levels as compared to the first 8 weeks as a whole. Our study suggests age-related changes in CSF blood-glucose ratios during the first weeks of life which are important when evaluating infants for the possibility of meningitis.
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PMID:CSF glucose levels in febrile infants. 339 97

We review information from large studies of defined populations, examining the role of known factors and especially of prenatal and perinatal factors in contributing to nonfebrile seizure disorders of early childhood. We depend especially, but not exclusively, on the recently completed analyses from the Collaborative Perinatal Project of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, the NCPP. About 4% of children in the NCPP who had at least one nonfebrile nonsymptomatic seizure by the age of 7 years had a previous seizure during acute neurologic illness, such as meningitis or during the acute illness after trauma. Many such seizures should potentially be preventable. Of children with seizures, 10% had had a neonatal seizure and 13% had had a febrile seizure. Among the hundreds of prenatal and perinatal factors explored as predictors of childhood seizure disorders, the principal predictors identified were congenital malformations of the fetus, cerebral and noncerebral; family history of certain neurologic disorders; and neonatal seizures. In agreement with the British National Child Development Study, labor and delivery factors in the NCPP appeared to contribute very little to childhood seizure disorders. Maldevelopment, rather than damage at birth to an initially intact nervous system, appeared to be the more common mechanism. Most seizure disorders of early childhood remained unexplained by the large set of prenatal and perinatal characteristics examined.
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PMID:Predisposing and causative factors in childhood epilepsy. 362 20

A hundred clinical records of children between the ages of 6 and 18 months were examined. These previously healthy children, were hospitalized after having their first febrile seizure. Lumbar puncture were performed on 42 of them, showing the existence of meningitis in 4 cases, 2 of which were bacterial meningitis. Previously, clinical criteria for meningitis diagnosis were: alteration of general condition, irritability, vomiting, bulging fontanelle and meningeal signs; in these 4 cases, the clinical criteria were noticed. In 17 puncture patients who did not fulfil clinical criteria, the cerebrospinal fluid was normal. The sensitivity and negative predictive value of these clinical criteria were 100% and their application in this series would have avoided the lumbar puncture in 40% of cases. The utility of peripheral white blood cell counts following TOOD's patterns for the bacterial meningitis diagnosis was low, with a sensibility of 50%. We conclude that the lumbar puncture in these children should not be performed as a routine measure.
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PMID:[Febrile convulsions and meningitis]. 375 52


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