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 21,692 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

As Margaret R. Pardee Memorial Hospital, Hendersonville, NC. expanded, fire safety plans had to be reevaluated. With each new addition, fire safety responsibilities for hospital personnel multiplied and overlapped. Confusion resulted, and a revised, simplified, and coordinated fire safety system was devised. Seventeen false alarms within one year, caused by a faulty sprinkler system, gave hospital personnel ample opportunity to test the system and iron out unexpected problems.
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PMID:Revised fire safety system cuts emergency response time. 75 48

A sensitivity comparison was made between conventional atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) and conventional molecular absorption spectrophotometry (MAS) for the serum trace metals, copper, iron, and zinc. The sensitivity aspect considered was absorbances was obtained for concentrations in the solutions analyzed using unit lightpaths of 1 cm and 10 cm for MAS and AAS, respectively. A distinction was made between procedural sensitivity and measurement sensitivity where the latter represents molar absorptivity. Some was given to the concepts of procedural sensitization by concentration of the analyte through the use of lyophilization, extraction or ashing. The misuse of data obtained with scale expanders is described as a commonly occurring phenomenon of both AAS and MAS and a source of confusion in the understanding of measurement sensitivity.
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PMID:Comparative sensitivities of flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) and molecular absorption spectrophotometry (MAS). 97 Sep 29

Diagnosis is often overlooked because symptoms develop slowly and insidiously and many patients don't complain about them. Then too, the giddiness, apathy, confusion, clumsiness, and similar problems may be considered simply signs of "old age." Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type in old people. It's usually due to gastrointestinal bleeding, but there may be a second, less obvious cause. The classic picture of low serum iron, high total iron-binding capacity, and low iron-binding saturation is sometimes distorted. Usually, many studies are needed to confirm the suspicion of a vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency. A raised mean corpuscular volume in itself signals the need for further investigation. In patients with macrocytosis, the bone marrow must be examined. Tests for intestinal malabsorption must be considered too. Repeated blood tests are essential in patients being treated for any type of anemia. Iron deficiency may hide evidence of folate or B12 deficiency. And iron therapy may lessen bleeding from colonic cancer, delaying diagnosis until it's too late to operate.
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PMID:Anemia--a common but never a normal concomitant of aging. 108 61

Complications after heart valve replacement remain a substantial source of morbidity and mortality despite continuing advances in surgical care and prosthetic design. Infectious endocarditis occurs in about 4 percent of patients and may appear early (within 60 days) or late after operation. Endocarditis of early onset is commonly due to staphylococcal, fungal or gram-negative organisms and is fatal in 70 percent or more of cases. Infection of late onset is more often of streptococcal origin and the mortality rate is lower, about 35 percent. With either type, prompt recognition, vigorous and appropriate antimicrobial therapy and early consideration of surgical intervention are crucial. The postperfusion and postpericardiotomy syndromes are relatively common and relatively benign syndromes associated with postoperative fever. Their recognition is important to prevent confusion with endocarditis or sepsis and thus to reassure the patient and physician. Treatment is primarily symptomatic. Intravascular hemolysis occurs with most prosthetic heart valves but is more common with certain prostheses and with paraprosthetic valve regurgitation, with significant hemolytic anemia in 5 to 15 percent. Oral iron replacement therapy is effective in the majority of patients, but occasionally blood transfusion or reoperation for leak around the prosthesis is necessary. Prosthesis dysfunction due to thrombus may be recognized clinically by recurrence of heart failure, syncope, cardiomegaly and altered prosthetic valve sounds or new murmurs. Hemodynamic studies verify the diagnosis, and prompt reoperation is indicated for this potentially lethal problem. Systemic embolization has decreased markedly with the introduction of cloth-covered prostheses and is frequently related to erratic or ineffective anticoagulant therapy. We continue to recommend anticoagulant therapy for all patients with prosthetic heart valves unless there is a major contraindication.
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PMID:Diagnosis and management of complications of prosthetic heart valves. 109 75

Experiments are described in which the inactivation of macrophage activity by quartz particles is used to investigate the role of macrophages in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in the rat. The results confirm previous findings which indicated that macrophages play no significant role in assays using cell line cells as targets. On the other hand, previous suggestions that macrophages are active against antibody-coated chick erythrocytes cannot be substantiated. In fact, it is shown that macrophages can play a protective role, and that inhibiting macrophage activity in peritoneal exudates leads to a spectacular increase in antibody-dependent lysis of chick erythrocytes. It is suggested that the confusion surrounding the role of macrophages in this assay has resulted from the failure to recognize that adherence techniques such as carbonyl-iron treatment of cell suspensions can result in substantial depletion of non-phagocytic adherent cells.
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PMID:Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in the rat. The role of macrophages. 124 55

Branhamella catarrhalis was formerly regarded as a common, essentially harmless inhabitant of the pharynx. This misapprehension was caused, in part, by confusion with another pharyngeal resident, Neisseria cinerea. The two organisms can now be differentiated by the positive reactions of B. catarrhalis in tests for nitrate reduction and hydrolysis of tributyrin and DNase. B. catarrhalis is currently recognized as the third most frequent cause of acute otitis media and acute sinusitis in young children. It often causes acute exacerbations of chronic bronchopulmonary disease in older or immunocompromised adults and is incriminated occasionally in meningitis, endocarditis, bacteremia, conjunctivitis, keratitis, and urogenital infections. Virulence-associated factors, such as pili, capsules, outer membrane vesicles, iron acquisition proteins, histamine-synthesizing ability, resistance to the bactericidal action of normal human serum, and binding to the C1q complement component, have been identified in some strains. beta-Lactamase producing strains, first detected in 1976, have risen to approximately 75% worldwide. Thus far, however, practically all American strains of B. catarrhalis remain susceptible to alternative antibiotics. A possible selective advantage of recent isolates is their reportedly heightened tendency for adherence to oropharyngeal cells from patients with chronic bronchopulmonary disease.
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PMID:Branhamella catarrhalis: an organism gaining respect as a pathogen. 212 28

Twelve renal cell carcinomas composed of "chromophobe" cells are described. This is the first report of renal chromophobe cell tumors in humans neoplasms of this cell type having been described previously only in experimentally induced adenomas in animals. By light microscopy chromophobe cells have slightly opaque or finely reticular cytoplasm when stained with haematoxylin and eosin. They may be distinguished from the clear cells of hypernephroid renal cell carcinomas by the strongly positive reaction of their cytoplasm with Hale's (1946) colloidal iron method and the weaker positive reaction with alcian blue. Vesicular structures, often containing internal vesicles, and possibly derived from the endoplasmic reticulum or from mitochondria are visible electronmicroscopically. Glycogen is present to a variable but slight extent so that it is usually detected only by electron microscopy. The twelve renal cell carcinomas described were composed entirely of chromophobe cells. They were derived from a series of more than 500 adult renal cell carcinomas giving a frequency of approximately 2%. To avoid confusion the descriptive term "light cell" should be discarded and replaced by either "clear cell" or "chromophobe cell" as appropriate, since it is assumed that chromophobe cell tumors have a different derivation from clear cell and other renal cell carcinomas. They may also have a different prognosis although this has not yet been established.
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PMID:Human chromophobe cell renal carcinoma. 285 94

The gauge system for sizing medical catheters and equipment is used widely around the world. Yet both its origins and its interpretation, in terms of conventional measurements, have long been obscure. The gauge, formally known as the Stubs Iron Wire Gauge, was developed in early 19th century England. Developed initially for use in wire manufacture, each gauge size arbitrarily correlates to multiples of .0010 inches. This sizing system was the first wire gauge recognized as a standard by any country (Great Britain, 1884). It was first used to measure needle sizes in the early 20th century. Today it is used in medicine to measure not only needles, but also catheters and suture wires. However, owing to the potential confusion inherent in using a gauge system, the iron wire gauge is rarely used in manufacture of nonmedical equipment.
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PMID:The origins of the gauge system for medical equipment. 329 10

Blood and bone marrow changes induced by continuous low-dose hydroxyurea treatment are described. A linear increase in mean red cell volume was observed after onset of therapy. The entire normocyte population was replaced by abnormally large erythrocytes within 150 days. The bone marrow morphology changed in megaloblastic direction. Bone marrow iron stores and number of sideroblasts increased, findings compatible with ineffective erythropoiesis. Serum folate and cobalamin levels remained normal. These morphologic changes might cause confusion when examining blood or bone marrow samples from patients treated with hydroxyurea.
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PMID:Hydroxyurea treatment of myeloproliferative disorders. Macro-megaloblastic blood and bone marrow changes. 367 69

Despite years of study and the accumulation of much potentially relevant information, neither the microbial determinants nor the pathophysiological mechanisms of salmonella-induced enteritis are known with precision. Earlier work is reviewed on the experimental pathology of salmonellosis, the pathophysiology of the disease and the biotyping of salmonella strains in closed rabbit ileal loops. The same strains have been confirmed by us to be (i) invasive and diarrhoeagenic, (ii) invasive and non-diarrhoeagenic, and (iii) non-invasive and non-diarrhoeagenic. At least two mechanisms have been put forward to explain fluid exsorption. One implicates prostaglandins released from polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) interacting with invading organisms, whereas the second involves salmonella enterotoxin(s). This subject is in a state of confusion and requires clarification. The toxin has been shown by some to bear partial likeness to either cholera toxin (although the evidence is in fact contradictory) or Shiga toxin. Since both 'cholera-like' and 'Shiga-like' toxins are produced by all three biotypes in vitro, production of toxin (of whatever class or subclass) cannot per se be the sole explanation for salmonella-induced fluid secretion. In our experiments the onset of fluid secretion in rabbit ileal loops was coincident with the appearance of large numbers of infiltrating PMNs. We have also shown that organisms from all three biotypes, grown for 6 h in iron-containing but not in iron-deficient media, yielded polymyxin B extracts which are enterotoxic in rabbit ileal loops; culture supernatants were negative. Structural damage occurred to villus tips but not crypts in infected loops, succeeded the onset of fluid secretion, and was not reproduced by polymyxin B enterotoxic extracts. Thus salmonella diarrhoea may be a complex phenomenon with multiple determinants which might include the release of endogenous secretagogues and bacterial enterotoxin(s), if such are shown to be synthesized and released in vivo at appropriate times and in appropriate sites. Structural damage to villus tips leading to shortened villi may also contribute to diarrhoea by altering absorption (tip function)/secretion (crypt function) ratios as well as to the expulsion of those organisms which have not migrated to deeper tissues.
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PMID:Salmonellosis: in retrospect and prospect. 389 Dec 54


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