Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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 21,692 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The dopamine agonist, CQP 201-403, was administered to 10 patients in an open label fashion with rapid dosage escalation during hospitalization. Assessed over an average of 20 days, significant improvement occurred in bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. Tremor did not occur in sufficient frequency in this group of patients to be accurately assessed. The most serious adverse effect encountered was prolonged confusion with psychosis. This study suggests that CQP 201-403 may be of value in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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PMID:CQP 201-403 in Parkinson's disease: an open-label pilot study. 257 Oct 83

A case of psychosis occurring 13 days after 1st trimester abortion in a 17-year old primigravida without family history of mental illness of postpartum psychosis is described. The young woman denied any ambivalence or guilt concerning abortion. The abortion itself involved repeat hospitalization for evacuation of retained products, and a course of antibiotics (metronidazole). The illness was marked by insomnia, anorexia, labile mood, auditory hallucinations, inappropriate speech, flat affect, and withdrawal alternating with disinhibition. She was hospitalized 10 days after onset, and treated with neuroleptics (pimozide 4 mg/day). She improved rapidly, and was discharged, taking medication for a few more weeks. After stopping medication she became pregnant, and delivered without any further psychotic symptoms. It is unlikely that metronidazole caused the illness, although it has been associated with confusion, disorientation and hallucinations, because the symptoms occurred 2 days after discontinuing the drug. On the other hand, the patient's flat affect after recovery suggests she might have had incipient schizophrenia.
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PMID:Psychotic illness following termination of pregnancy. 259 Jul 89

Because of their severe cognitive and social deficits, seriously impaired and regressed psychotics are often misdiagnosed as mentally retarded. This diagnostic confusion, which carries dire consequences for treatment, has prevailed due to the lack of objective tests directed at this problem. Procedures are needed to specifically measure and differentiate the hallmarks of the intellectual dysfunction in both conditions (i.e., cognitive abnormality [psychosis] and subnormality [mental retardation]). Such methods also must be adapted to the particular problems and limitations of these populations. We propose here the use of three long established tests and a new developmentally rooted Cognitive Diagnostic Battery, one that assesses conceptual, perceptual-motor, and social maturity. Empirical study supported the validity of this Battery for differential diagnosis between mentally and functionally retarded psychotics matched for IQ, 97% of the developmentally disabled group exhibiting deficits on all three tests of conceptual development vs. 27% in the functionally mentally retarded group.
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PMID:Cognitive battery for differential diagnosis of mental retardation vs. psychosis. 267 45

A 74-year-old woman experienced an apparent psychotic reaction several hours after administration of iv midazolam as a premedicant for gastroscopy. The reaction included confusion, hallucinations, and hostility and required administration of haloperidol to calm her. The woman subsequently underwent colonoscopy with meperidine as a premedication and experienced no behavioral changes. Although other causes cannot be completely ruled out, the evidence points strongly to midazolam as the precipitating agent for the psychotic reaction.
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PMID:Hostility and hallucinations as a consequence of midazolam administration. 280 May 80

A study of 112 psychogeriatric admissions identified seventy patients sufficiently depressed to require biologic treatment. Twenty-four patients completed a primary treatment trial with TCA's and seventeen with ECT. ECT proved to be more effective, (81.4% versus 62.5%), even though overtly psychotic and medically unstable patients preferentially received this treatment. The ECT response rate is comparable to other reports of its efficacy in the treatment of delusional depression. A higher morbidity rate of 27 percent in the TCA-treated group was observed. The authors conclude that ECT is a highly beneficial treatment modality for the carefully selected elderly patient with major depressive illness. They found that a higher number of ECT treatments than expected were required in their psychogeriatric patients, but did not find a higher morbidity other than increased confusion with more treatments. Careful repeated assessment of response to treatment combined with readiness for assertiveness, in spite of the advanced age of the patient, seem to be indicated. Conversely, excessive hesitance when caring for the elderly patient may lead to a premature termination of treatment, causing the patient to remain in a chronic mentally compromised state.
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PMID:Empirical study on an inpatient psychogeriatric unit: biological treatment in patients with depressive illness. 286 28

"Noise" is a term we are using to describe a complex and distressing aspect of the bodily and cognitive experience of many very ill psychiatric patients. By "noise," we mean an internally experienced state of crowding and confusion created by a variety of stimuli, the quantity, intensity and unpredictability of which make it difficult for individuals so afflicted to tolerate and organize their experience. Attempts to do so may only add to confusion and psychotic phenomena.
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PMID:The concept of noise. 288 Mar 59

The group of paranoid or delusional disorders, although not nearly as common as the mood and schizophrenic disorders, may be much more frequent than has usually been thought. DSM-IIIR has made a decisive step in recognizably defining at least one group of them. Interestingly, this change partly came about because the advent of an effective treatment helped to define that group more clearly. Nevertheless, DSM-IIIR's classification is too restrictive, and it was wrong to exclude the diagnosis of paraphrenia. Cases fitting this description will have to be consigned to the category of Psychotic Disorder NOS, which will inevitably be a grab-bag of mixed diagnoses. Also, DSM-IIIR does not emphasize the link between the delusional disorders and paranoid schizophrenia, and the somewhat less well defined overlap with affective disorders, both of which give rise to much diagnostic confusion and inappropriate treatment. Precise history taking and mental status examination and, above all, an up-to-date knowledge of their existence are essential to the recognition and appropriate treatment of the delusional disorders.
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PMID:Delusional (paranoid) disorders. 304 69

Terguride is an ergoline derivative with mixed agonistic/antagonistic dopaminergic activity. This led to a paradoxical suggestion that it is effective in the treatment of both schizophrenia and parkinsonism. A total of 65 in- or outpatients with parkinsonism mostly of vascular or idiopathic etiology were included in a 4-week, open, multicenter trial. Terguride was administered under an increasing dose schedule which was leveled off according to the clinical response. Mostly because of nausea, vomiting, and lack of improvement 25% of inpatients and 61% of outpatients were removed from the study. The average daily dose at the end of the trial was 4.2 mg, ranging from 1.0 to 5.5 mg. The average Simpson and Angus scale total score and performance in the Spiral Drawing Task improved significantly during the trial by 20% and 38% respectively. The following adverse effects were noted most frequently throughout the study (including those who withdrew): constipation (occurred in 42% of all ratings performed during the trial) drowsiness and nausea (16% each). Adverse circulatory effects were negligible. Psychotic symptoms, including depression, confusion, hallucinations, and paranoid syndrome, each occurred in 1 patient, i.e., at a lower rate than with other dopaminergic drugs. Scotopic electroretinograms in a subsample of 7 patients showed a significant transitory decrease in the B-wave amplitude at the end of the 1st week and a subsequent return to pretreatment values.
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PMID:Terguride in parkinsonism. A multicenter trial. 304 1

Psychiatric symptoms attributable to vitamin B12 deficiency have been described for decades. The earlier reports are for the most part in accord with more recent ones, despite being diagnostically less specific in psychiatric and hematologic terms. These symptoms seem to fall into several clinically separate categories: slow cerebration; confusion; memory changes; delirium, with or without hallucinations and/or delusions; depression; acute psychotic states; and (more rarely) reversible manic and schizophreniform states. While there still remain abundant hematologic, psychiatric, neurologic, or nutritional reasons for obtaining a serum vitamin B12 level, its use in the investigation of the etiology of a patient's dementia seems unjustified. However, acute or subacute changes in a demented patient's mental status, specifically a clouding of their consciousness, may make such testing advisable as part of the complete workup of their delirium regardless of a normal hematologic picture.
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PMID:What are the psychiatric manifestations of vitamin B12 deficiency? 275 65

On-off fluctuations in longstanding Parkinson's disease initially respond well to a combined drug regime of Levodopa with direct dopamine agonists and L-deprenyl. L-Dopa infusions are efficient, but not applicable for longer use. S.c.-Lisuride-infusions reduce markedly motor-response fluctuations, dystonias and hyperkinesias, but bear the risk of inducing confusion or even psychosis. In patients with coexisting response fluctuations and psychiatric disturbances a therapeutic approach is outlined to preserve still some favourable effects on motor performance avoiding severe psychosis. Side-effects and possible complications of that therapy are discussed as are some further indications for the clinical use of Lisuride in akinetic crisis, the neuroleptic malignant syndrome and in dyskinesias.
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PMID:Chronic s.c. lisuride in Parkinson's disease--motor-performance and avoidance of psychiatric side effects. 316 38


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