Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0009450 (infectious diseases)
 83,438 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Influenza, parainfluenza and respiratory syncytial viruses cause respiratory infections in man with consequent transient and sometimes imperfect against reinfection. Humoral immunity and probably cell-mediated immunity contribute to resistance. Whereas circulating antibodies are more important for influenza viruses, secretory antibody are relatively speaking more important for parainfluenza and respiratory syncytial virsues. Measles and mumps induced longlasting immunity which can be correlated with circulating neutralizing antibodies. Certain immune responses against measles and respiratory syncytial virus cause pathological reactions after infection with the same virus.
Infection 1976
PMID:Immunity after infections with Myxoviruses. 5 7

A case/control study of patients with primary hepatic carcinoma (P.H.C.) and their families was carried out in Dakar, Senegal. 28 P.H.C. cases were matched by age,sex, and ethnic group with 28 controls. Serum was collected from cases, controls, parents (28 mothers, 27 fathers) of cases, parents of controls, 71 siblings of cases, and 58 siblings of controls. Assays of their sera for hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) and antibody to hepatitis-B core antigen (anti-HBc) produced the following results. (1) Nearly all P.H.C. cases (97%) and controls (93%) had some evidence of infection with hepatitis-B virus (H.B.V.), but the cases were more likely to be anti-HBc(+) and less likely to be anti-HBs(+) than the controls. (2) Most of the mothers of the cases were HBsAg(+) (71%), whereas only 14% of the mothers of controls were HBsAg(+). Lover titres of anti-HBs were less common in the mothers of the cases. (3) None of 27 fathers of cases had detectable anti-HBs, but 13 (48%) of the fathers of controls were anti-HBs(+). (4) Siblings of the P.H.C. cases were more likely to have anti-HBs than either their sibs with P.H.C. or the sibs of the controls. However, sibs of P.H.C. cases had lower titres of anti-HBs than the sibs of the controls. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the P.H.C. cases were infected with H.B.V. by their mothers and that there was an environmental factor which affected the immunological response of all family members to H.B.V. Infection with H.B.V. and the mode of response to that infection among members of families appear to be major factors in the aetiology of P.H.C. in West Africa.
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PMID:Host responses to hepatitis-B infection in patients with primary hepatic carcinoma and their families. A case/control study in Senegal, West Africa. 6 Jun 21

A total of 176 HBsAg positive sera from acute and chronic hepatitis patients and symptomless carriers (blood donors) in Hungary were subtyped for ad and ay determinants. The distribution of ad and ay determinants in Hungary was found to be about the same. There were no significant differences among the groups tested.
Infection 1976
PMID:Distribution of ad and ay subtypes of hepatitis B surface antigen among hepatitis patients and symptomless carriers in Hungary. 6 43

Infection of H-2-identical mice with either lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus, vaccinia virus, or paramyxo (Sendai) virus resulted in the generation of specifically sensitized cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). CTL generated in vitro against 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl (TNP)-conjugated syngeneic stimulator cells were specifically cytotoxic for TNP-conjugated H-2K (D) region identical targets. Both LCM and vaccinia-induced CTL, however, were found to be strongly cytotoxic towards TNP-conjugated, H-2K(D) region-identical target cells. In contrast, Sendai virus-induced CTL did not lyse TNP-conjugated, syngeneic target cells. Inhibition experiments using cold targets suggested that shared antigenic determinants can be detected on either LCM virus-infected and TNP-conjugated targets, which are not present on the cell surface of normal target cells.
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PMID:Shared determinants between virus-infected and trinitrophenyl-conjugated H-2-identical target cells detected in cell-mediated lympholysis. 6 79

Infection of mice with the vaccinia virus strain WR, Elstree or DIs, a coditional lethal mutant of vaccinia virus, resulted in the generation of vaccinia virus-specific sensitized cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL). It could be shown by cross-reactivity between the three strains and by inhibition experiments with specific antisera that early vaccinia surface antigens are sufficient for the generation of specific CTL in vivo and for the lysis of infected target cells in vitro.
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PMID:Role of early viral surface antigens in cellular immune response to vaccinia virus. 6 41

Animal experiments showed that all aminoglycosides cause similar toxic tubular and glomerular damage when investigated by qualitative morphology. Quantitative differences in the tubular nephrotoxicity of gentamicin, tobramycin, sisomicin, kanamycin, kanendomycin, amikacin, and butirosin can be demonstrated experimentally by evaluation of the excretion rates of tubular cells and urinary enzymes in rats. By this means dose-effect relationships were established resulting in varying reproduceable toxic threshold doses for each antibiotic, and thus in a scale of increasing nephrotoxicity. The aminoglycosides differed in their affinity to kidney tissue as measured by determination of the accumulating renal concentrations of the drugs at different times during multiple-dose administration. This had a modifying influence on excretion rates of cells and enzymes affecting the scale of toxicity in long-term studies. Comparative investigations on nephrotoxicity in rats and guinea pigs gave similar results. In addition, a study in man suggested that the test results of nephrotoxicity are not species-specific. For human therapy it is concluded that even more caution should be practised with the new aminoglycerides than with gentamicin in order to avoid renal damage.
Infection 1976
PMID:[Side effects of aminoglycosides: nephrotoxicity (author's transl)]. 6 28

Infection of CER cell cultures with field strains of rabies virus, ranging from 0 to 5 mouse brain passages, was detected by immunoflurescence within 2-4 days after infection. A fluorescent focus assay for measuring infectivity of seven rabies serogroup viruses was rapid and reproducible. Rabies field strians and other rabies serogroup viruses also induced cytopathic effect, usually on initial passage. The hemadsorption-negative (HAD-) plaque test in BSC-1 cells was successfully applied to laboratory-adapted rabies strains. HAD- test attempts were unsuccessful with CER cells and with field isolates of rabies virus in both cell lines. CER cells are heteroploid and are antigenically related to BHK-21 cells by fluorsecent antibody tests.
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PMID:Isolation and assay of rabies serogroup viruses in CER cells. 6 4

Autoradiographic and tissue distribution studies of SQ 18506 14C were carried out on 13 Swiss albino mice. Infection was done by I.P. route with 50 to 60 cercaria of S. mansoni (puerto Rican strain) per animal. The safe single i.v. dose of a solution containing one mg of SQ 18506 dissolved in 0.06 ml dimethylsulfoxide was 0.003 ml/g b.w. of mice. Schistosome autoradiograms were clearly demonstrated one day after that dose injected in each mouse 50 days post-infection. However, hepatic autoradiograms were visible 14 days after 2 doses of our drug to each infected mouse. The higher the concentration of SQ 18506 14C in the culture medium the darker were the schistosomes in the autoradiograms and the greater their total d.p.m/mg. Tissue distribution studies after 2 1/2 doses of our drug/mouse revealed that schistosome total d.p.m/mg dry-weight was 50 times more than that of its liver. The latter d.p.m/g wet-weight was slightly higher than that of one ml of mouse blood.
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PMID:Autoradiographic and tissue distribution studies on a nitrovinylfuran derivative (SQ 18506 14C) in S. mansoni infected mice. 7 Mar 29

48 patients admitted to a rural Bangladesh hospital with dehydration secondary to diarrhea were examined for infection caused by (R.L.A.) reovirus-like agent or (E.T.E.C.) enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. The diagnosis of R.L.A. infection was established by electron microscopy of stool filtrates and by a 4-fold or greater rise in serum complement-fixing antibodies to the Nebraska calf diarrhea virus. Evidence of infection by heat-labile-toxin producing E.T.E.C. was sought by stool culture and serological testing using the adrenal cell tissue-culture system. Infection by heat-stable-toxin producing E.T.E.C. was sought by stool culture using the infant mouse test. 12 patients, all less than 2 years old, had evidence of R.L.A. infection, accounting for illness in 5% of the 22 patients under 2. None of these 22 had evidence of E.E.T.E.C. infection. R.L.A. diarrhea lasted 5-6 days, often led to serious dehydration, and was associated with vomiting and fever. 11 cases of E.T.E.C. diarrhea were detected, accounting for 56% of the cases of diarrhea in the 18 patients who were more than 10 years old. Diarrhea caused by E.T.E.C. was sudden in onset, shorter in duration, and caused pronounced dehydration. In a community survey, E.T.E.C. was isolated with equal frequency in the stools of control and case family members. Data suggest that E.T.E.C. is a common cause of adult diarrhea in Bangladesh while R.L.A. is a common cause of diarrhea in children.
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PMID:Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Reovirus-like agent in rural Bangladesh. 7 38

A previously described type virus stock (designated PP-1R), isolated by cocultivating baboon cells with mink cells transformed by Kirsten sarcoma virus (64J1), has been further cloned and characterized. End point-diluted stocks of PP-1R have been obtained that are free of focus-forming activity and lack both Kirsten sarcoma and primate type C viral sequences. Nucleic acid hybridization experiments show that the cloned virus (MiLV) is an endogenous, genetically transmitted virus of the mink (Mustela vison). MiLV replicates in canine, feline, and 64J1 mink cells but not in an untransformed mink cell line. Multiple viral gene copies can be detected in the DNA of normal mink cells in culture and in normal mink tissues; related endogenous viral genes are also detected in several related Mustela species. The virus codes for a p30 protein very closely related antigenically to that of feline leukemia virus but contains p15 and p12 proteins that are antigenically distinct. The mink cell line, Mv1Lu, and its Kirsten sarcoma-transformed derivatives, 64J1, express relatively low levels of type C viral RNA related to MiLV and normally do not produce detectable levels of MiLV p30 protein or complete, infectious viral particles. Infection of sarcoma virus-transformed mink cells with baboon type C virus, however, can augment the level of expression of endogenous mink viral RNA and can result in the synthesis and packaging of mink viral RNA and p30 antigen in extracellular virions. Since the Mv1Lu cell line and its tranformed derivatives have become widely used in studies of retroviruses, the possibility of activating endogenous mink viral genes should be considered by investigators working with these cells.
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PMID:Endogenous mink (Mustela vison) type C virus isolated from sarcoma virus-transformed mink cells. 7 84


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