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Query: UMLS:C0009443 (cold)
 92,137 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have developed a magnetic resonance (MR) spin echo method to obtain diffusion weighted imaging using motion-probing gradient (MPG) pulses in one or three orthogonal directions before and after a 180 degree pulse. Phantom models containing water and acetone, normal volunteers and patients with brain tumors, brain edema and infarction were examined. Experimental models of brain edema including triethyltin intoxication and cold injuries were also examined in Wistar rats. MRI was performed at a 1.0-T clinical machine or a 4.7-T experimental machine using spin echo pulse sequences with or without additional MPGs on one or three orthogonal axes. The one direction method was useful to define diffusion anisotropy of myelinated axonal fibers in white matter. Faster diffusion was detected in the white matter parallel to the direction of MPGs. On the other hand, slower diffusion was detected perpendicular to the direction of MPGs because the myelin sheath restricted water diffusion. The three orthogonal gradients method was useful to demonstrate the difference in the diffusion coefficients in various diseases due to its larger total gradient strength. The clear distinction between the cytotoxic edema, which revealed slower diffusion, and the vasogenic edema, which revealed faster diffusion, was demonstrated in the experimental models using diffusion weighted image. In the clinical cases, faster diffusion was demonstrated in the brain tumor and perifocal vasogenic edema, which was in agreement with the results in the experimental models of rats. Brain tumors such as low grade astrocytoma with microcysts and perifocal vasogenic edema have very wide extracellular space.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The application of in vivo diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging to intracranial disorders]. 191 Sep 53

Magnetic resonance imaging is able to demonstrate a wide range of sinus abnormalities. Incidental findings in patients referred for neuroradiology because of suspected intracranial pathology are surprisingly common and were present in 37.5 per cent of 483 images examined. The maxillary and ethmoid sinuses were most commonly affected with 27 and 26 per cent of images abnormal whereas the frontal and sphenoid sinuses were less commonly affected with 5 per cent of each abnormal. If minor changes were excluded then 17 per cent of patients had either fluid, a polyp or marked mucosal thickening in at least one sinus. Nasal symptoms, other than the presence of a cold, showed no statistically significant relationship to abnormal findings. Many people with inflammatory changes in their sinuses demonstrated on MRI do not have symptoms classically attributed to sinusitis.
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PMID:MRI of the paranasal sinuses: incidental abnormalities and their relationship to symptoms. 202 40

The diagnostic error using classical methods in the staging of bladder tumors has been reported to range from 20 to 50%. With the advent of new diagnostic imaging techniques (CT and MRI) the accuracy rate has increased from 62% to 83%. Forty-eight patients with bladder tumors were submitted to a protocol correlating ultrasound (US), cytological and histopathological findings. Tumor staging was also performed by CT in 10 patients and by MRI in 3. Transurethral ultrasound distinguished the superficial from the infiltrating bladder tumors in 100% of the cases. The accuracy rate for US was greater than that of CT (90% versus 70%) and MRI although the difference was not statistically significant with respect to MRI. When cold biopsy was combined with transurethral US, the correlation of overall staging (level of infiltration and degree of non-differentiation) was 85% for the superficial tumors and 82.3% for the infiltrating tumors. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed between the cytological analyses of urine from micturition or lavage. Cytologically, the number of positives increased with the degree of tumor non-differentiation. These findings show that transurethral US combined with cold biopsy permits determining the stage as well as the degree of non-differentiation of the tumor with minimum error, which is crucial in determining the approach to tumor management utilizing the new treatment protocols for bladder carcinoma.
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PMID:[New protocol for local staging in bladder carcinoma. Ultrasonographic, cytological and histopathological correlation]. 207 68

An operated case of primary mediastinal liposarcoma is reported. A 71-year-old male who was asymptomatic was unexpectedly pointed out a huge abnormal mass shadow in the mediastinum on the chest roentgenogram, when he caught a common cold. The CT scan showed the singular horseshoe-shaped tumor in the posterior mediastinum which was adjacent to the antero-lateral phase of the vertebrae. MRI was useful to our recognition of its whole shape and localization. Extirpation of the tumor via right postero-lateral thoracotomy was performed successfully. The pathological diagnosis was liposarcoma; well differentiated, lipoma-like type. Primary mediastinal liposarcoma is a very rare mediastinal tumor (0.2%). Thirty-six cases of primary mediastinal liposarcoma including our case have been reported at present in Japan, so far as we surveyed. It is generally known that liposarcoma has the low sensitivity to the radiotherapy and chemotherapy and has high incidence of recurrence. We think that this case needs the strict postoperative follow-up.
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PMID:[A case of primary mediastinal liposarcoma which presents a singular appearance]. 230 49

Polyesthesia is an abnormal sensation in which a single sensory stimulation seems to be felt as several ones. We report two cases showing this rare phenomenon. The first case was a 34-year-old man having a history of SLE for 20 years. When he was 22 years old, he suffered from transverse myelopathy at the tenth thoracic level. Two years after this episode, he noticed a curious sensory experience. Namely, when he rubbed his hand or lateral trunk, similar sensation occurred on the foot of the same side simultaneously. This phenomenon has continued for ten years. The characteristics of this double sensation were as follows; effective modes of stimulation were rubbing, tapping and vibration. Pinprick or cold/warm stimuli could not elicit any sensation on the foot. The sensation observed on the foot was always ipsilateral and simultaneous in almost symmetrical distribution. Rubbing the foot could not elicit any sensation on the hand or trunk. Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) following tibial and peroneal nerve stimulation could not be recorded on the scalp. Dermatomal SEPs below the tenth thoracic level were also silent over the scalp. SEPs obtained by median nerve stimulation were normal bilaterally. Various neuroradiological examinations including CT and MRI were noncontributory. This phenomenon, diagnosed as synesthesia, may be related to denervation supersensitivity after spinal cord lesion and sprouting from the fibers conveying hand and thoracic information to those denervated neurons at the posterior column nuclei. The second case was a 70-year-old woman having a history of syphilis. She noticed a characteristic sensation for ten years. Namely, when she rubbed her face, especially her forehead and cheeks, another sensation occurred 1 second after primary stimulation at the same place.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Polyesthesia--report of two cases]. 235 Sep 32

A 58-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of orthostatic syncope, and difficulty in urination and walking for 2 years. At age 35, she suffered from cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed as Moyamoya disease (MD). Neurological examination on admission revealed severe orthostatic syncope so that she could not stand. At that time, her blood pressure and heart rate were 104/74 mmHg and 78/min in supine position and 52/48 mmHg and 52/min in 60 degrees head-up position. She also had severe pollakisuria, cerebellar ataxia and dysarthria. Cranial nerves, motor strength and deep reflexes were normal. ECG, chest X-ray, and EEG were normal. Aschner, Czermak, and cold pressor tests revealed no response. Urodynamic study revealed autonomic bladder. MRI showed only enlarged fourth ventricle because of atrophy of the pons. Bilateral CAG revealed "Moyamoya" vessels in the cerebral basal regions. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured by 133Xe inhalation method. Mean arterial blood pressure changed from 134 mmHg to 126 mmHg in 45 degrees head-up tilting and CBF decreased from 47.5 mg/100 g/min to 37 ml/100 g/min position. Though there was no relationship between SDS and MD, each one shows dysautoregulation of CBF, it is supposed that a severe orthostatic syncope attack was resulted from synergism of both effects.
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PMID:[An association of Shy-Drager syndrome with moyamoya disease--a case report]. 240 Nov 16

Vascular problems of the arm and hand can be assessed by a number of noninvasive modalities that are chosen on the basis of the history and physical examination. For suspected upper-extremity ischemia, we begin with SLPs and velocity-waveform analysis. The former test will define the extent and approximate location of the disease process, and subjective assessment of the waveform will further determine the degree and location of occlusive disease. When digital ischemia is suspected, the Doppler examination combined with intermittent compression of the radial and ulnar arteries is valuable for defining the variable arterial anatomy of the hand and the patency of the common and proper digital arteries. The extent of distal ischemia can be assessed by digital pressures. Duplex scanning has been found to be of value in determining the source of upper-extremity micro-emboli, in imaging suspected aneurysmal changes, and for evaluating arteriovenous fistulae and bypass grafts. Cold testing is used to confirm the diagnosis of Raynaud's disease after excluding proximal occlusive disease. When symptoms suggest intermittent arterial obstruction, arterial compression at the thoracic outlet is assessed by monitoring the arterial waveform during a series of maneuvers that change the anatomy of the outlet. Although a combination of IPG and venous Doppler examination accurately identifies venous occlusion, we routinely use duplex scanning in this setting. In addition to providing both anatomic and hemodynamic information about the subclavian vein, the jugular vein and the junction of the innominate vein can also be studied. Because of its ability to image in a coronal plane, MRI scanning is another nonivasive study that we have found useful for evaluation of venous anatomy and patency of the subclavian, jugular, and innominate veins. Venous thrombosis, often the first manifestation of subclavian vein compression at the thoracic inlet, is best evaluated using duplex scanning.
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PMID:Noninvasive evaluation of the upper extremity. 240 76

A 47-year-old woman complaining of cold intolerance, general weakness and amenorrhea of 10 months duration was diagnosed, by endocrine examinations, as having panhypopituitarism. Skull x-ray films revealed a slightly enlarged sella with double floor sign and MRI showed a low intensity mass in the pituitary. Transsphenoidal exploration disclosed a degenerated pituitary gland, the histology of which showed a granulomatous lesion with moderate lymphocytic infiltration but containing no multinuclear giant cells. No caseous necrosis, causative microorganisms, or BCG antigen were noted. The present case is considered a variant form of lymphocytic adenohypophysitis.
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PMID:A case of hypopituitarism due to granulomatous and lymphocytic adenohypophysitis with minimal pituitary enlargement: a possible variant of lymphocytic adenohypophysitis. 321 47

MRI of twenty patients with cerebral infarction were reported with their X-CT. MRI with long SE mode clearly showed the ischemic lesion at 18 hours after insult, whereas X-CT performed immediately after MRI scanning showed no abnormality. The signal contrast of the lesion with long SE mode seemed to increase slightly during the patient's course, for a period of several months. The MRI images with long SE at the chronic stage were varied: small lesions appeared as hot areas, whereas large lesions appeared as cold areas and were accompanied with signal enhancement in the surrounding areas. A phantom study was also performed and it was determined that MRI was superior to X-CT in its ability to detect tissue water. One of the reasons for the high diagnostic capability of MRI for acute stroke was, therefore, attributed to this experimental result.
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PMID:MRI of brain infarction. 408 Nov 9

This study examined the sensory abnormalities in an unselected, consecutive group of patients with central post-stroke pain (CPSP) surviving more than 1 year after stroke. The sensory examination included clinical examination and quantitative measures with detection and pain thresholds to heat and cold stimuli, argon laser, von Frey hair and determination of stimulus-response function in the 10-45 degrees C range. Sensory examination was in 11 identified CPSP patients (5 female, 6 male; aged 43-80 years) carried out in the painful area using the contralateral homologue area as reference. Pain rating was performed using the McGill Pain Questionnaire and a VAS scale. All patients had ischemic (MRI verified) infarction. Of the 11 patients with supratentorial lesions, 5 had thalamic lesions; in addition, 7 patients had lesions in the brain stem/cerebellum. Median present spontaneous pain intensity on the VAS scale was 3.3 (range: 0-7.7). All patients had pain in the body part with sensory abnormalities, which in 8 patients extended the area with pain. Warm detection threshold was higher in the pain area in all patients, and all except 1 patient had increased cold detection threshold. Cold and heat pain thresholds were raised as well, but to a lesser degree. Sensibility to touch (von Frey hairs) and pain (argon laser) were changed in only 4 and 3 patients, respectively. A stimulus-response curve in the 10-45 degrees C range showed different patterns compared to the non-affected side. A cold allodynia in the 10-45 degrees C range was present in the painful area in 6 (56%) of the patients. The results support the theory that damage to the spino-thalamo-cortical pathway is a necessary condition in CPSP. It is proposed that the spontaneous pain in CPSP is linked to hyperexitability or spontaneous discharges in thalamic or cortical neurons that have lost part of their normal input.
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PMID:Sensory abnormalities in consecutive, unselected patients with central post-stroke pain. 765 27


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