Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0009443 (cold)
 92,137 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A selected line of White Leghorns, which has shown improved survivability and reduced feather loss in large multiple-hen cages, was evaluated for humoral immune response to SRBC under both stressed and unstressed conditions. Three lines of chickens (selected, control, and commercial) were housed in either single- (1 hen) or multiple-hen cages (12 hens, social competition) and subjected to a cold ambient temperature (0 C) at 33 wk of age and to two heating episodes (38 C) at 44 wk of age. Each hen was challenged intravenously with 1 mL of a 7% saline suspension of SRBC at the time that cold exposure was initiated. Hens subjected to high ambient temperatures had been exposed previously to a cold temperature, but were not challenged with SRBC until 16 to 18 h following the end of the second heating episode. Exposure to cold caused immunosuppression in single-caged hens, but not in hens in colony cages. Single- vs colony-caged hens of the control environment challenged with SRBC at 33 wk of age had similar primary hemagglutinin responses to SRBC. Hens subjected to heat experienced immunosuppression at 9 and 12 d following challenge to SRBC when compared to the controls. Hens of multiple-bird cages challenged with antigen at 44 wk of age had a significantly lower hemagglutinin response to SRBC than those reared in single-bird cages. The three lines of genetic stock had similar primary hemagglutinin responses to SRBC; the interactions of genetic stock with cage size or environmental temperature were not significant. It was concluded that genetically selecting hens for survival in multiple-hen cages did not affect their humoral immune response to SRBC.
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PMID:Group selection for adaptation to multiple-hen cages: humoral immune response. 893 83

Eight- and 11- to 12-day-old rat pups were tested in isolation and in the presence of an anesthetized adult under cold conditions. Pups of both ages reduced rates of ultrasonic vocalization (USV) when an adult was placed into the test cage, independent of whether the adult was their dam or an unrelated male. However, after removal of the dam, pups greatly increased their rates of USV over their first isolation period and in comparison with control pups. USV rates remained low after removal of the male. The temperature challenges faced by the pups in the two experimental conditions were the same. These phenomena are better explained by a hypothesis that postulates USV rate as being multiply determined, including by social cues, rather than a theory that considers thermal challenge only.
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PMID:Potentiation and inhibition of ultrasonic vocalization of rat pups: regulation by social cues. 910 50

Electrolytic lesions aimed at the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) were made in male Long-Evans rats. Body temperature (Tb), activity, and drinking were monitored continuously in a 12-h light:12-h dark (12:12 LD) cycle at an ambient temperature of 23 degrees C. Large SCN lesions eliminated activity and drinking rhythms and abolished or reduced the circadian rhythm of Tb. The Tb responses of the rats were measured in L after exposure to cold and injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a fever-producing drug, and in both L and D during a 30-min exposure to a novel cage. Rats with SCN lesions (SCNX) maintained their Tb as well as did controls during 2-h exposure to 2 degrees C. They also showed the expected increases in Tb in response to novelty and LPS. Nevertheless, there were differences between SCNX rats and other rats. When measured 9 h after LPS injection, SCNX rats had lower Tb in D than did sham-lesioned or intact rats or rats with lesions that missed the SCN. This is not surprising; the Tb of SCNX rats does not go as high as that of intact rats in D. However, it was surprising that at night SCNX rats increased their Tb in response to novelty (lights on in the test situation), whereas normal rats did not. For some reason, light inhibits the Tb rise to novelty in normal rats but does not do so in rats with SCN lesions.
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PMID:Suprachiasmatic nuclei lesions do not eliminate homeostatic thermoregulatory responses in rats. 918 34

Anti-Sia-lb (formerly anti-Gd) cold agglutinins (CAs) recognize sialylated carbohydrates on both adult and neonate red blood cells (RBCs). RBC CA activity inhibition experiments reported here indicate that the domain NeuNAc alpha2-3Gal, as found in sialyllactose, synthetic sialyl(s) Lewis(Le)(x) and sLe(a), sialyllactosamine, sialyl-fucosyllactose, and nonfucosylated sLe(a), constitutes the minimal epitope for these CAs, implicating that these autoantibodies could be able to bind this domain in sLe(x) and sLe(a) and related carbohydrates expressed on nucleated cells and in soluble cancer-related mucins. The following data obtained with the previously characterized monoclonal IgMk anti-Sia-lb CA, GAS, show that this is the case. GAS epitope expression among leukocytes that lack sLe(a) parallels that of sLe(x) determinant as detected by mouse monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), especially MoAb KM-93. It is also found on epithelial malignant cells bearing both sLe(x) and sLe(a). GAS epitope on these nucleated cells, (1) like that present on RBC, is abolished by sialidase, unaffected by proteases, and inhibited by sialyllactose; and (2) is overlapping and/or proximal to that recognized by anti-sLe(x) MoAb, CSLEX-1, and KM-93. Moreover, CAGAS binds soluble cancer-associated mucins bearing sLe(x) and sLe(a) determinants. This binding is inhibited by sialyllactose and these mucins inhibit the RBC CA activity of CAGAS. The possible significance of anti-Sia-lb (anti-Gd) CAs as autoantibodies directed to carbohydrate ligands of host adhesion molecules that might be receptors of microbial adhesins of some CA-inducing pathogens is discussed.
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PMID:Anti-Sia-lb (anti-Gd) cold agglutinins bind the domain NeuNAc alpha2-3Gal in sialyl Lewis(x), sialyl Lewis(a), and related carbohydrates on nucleated cells and in soluble cancer-associated mucins. 926 76

Exposure to stress has previously been found to impair long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus. Exposure to stress has also been proposed to induce an LTP-like effect. We examined the effect of acute cold stress on synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and LTP induction in the medial perforant path-granule cell synapse of freely moving rats. After obtaining baseline recordings of evoked field potentials at room temperature (23 degrees C), rats were transferred to an environmental cage maintained at 4 degrees C (cold group) or 23 degrees C (control group) and, 90 min later, high-frequency stimulation (HFS) was applied to the medial perforant path. Serum corticosterone measured in trunk blood from rats without implanted electrodes was significantly elevated in cold exposed (28. 7 microg/dl) rats relative to control (6.6 microg/dl). Despite increased corticosterone levels indicative of stress activation, cold exposed rats exhibited LTP of the fEPSP slope and population spike of similar magnitude and time course as controls. In addition, there was no stress-specific effect on the fEPSP slope or population spike and no effect on paired-pulse plasticity. Surprisingly, despite extensive cage acclimation, transferring rats to the environmental cage was associated with a reduction in population spike amplitude and an enhancement in paired-pulse facilitation. The results show that acute cold stress leading to elevated serum corticosterone levels neither induces LTP-like increases in synaptic efficacy nor impairs tetanus-evoked LTP in the dentate gyrus of freely moving rats. Thus, impaired working memory during cold stress is not due to an inability of perforant path synapses to express LTP.
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PMID:Acute cold stress leading to elevated corticosterone neither enhances synaptic efficacy nor impairs LTP in the dentate gyrus of freely moving rats. 957 76

This study examined spatial memory as measured by radial arm maze (RAM) performance after exposure to two stress conditions and a normothermic-unrestrained control condition. Male Fischer 344 rats were trained on the win-shift RAM procedure for 7 days, by which time they achieved asymptotic performance. The next day, rats in the two stress groups were exposed to 15 min of restraint in either 37 degrees C water (normothermic-restraint) or in 20 degrees C water (cold-restraint). Rats were then allowed 40 min in a dry cage before being tested in the RAM. Performance was measured using the following dependent variables: number of correct out of the first eight choices, total number of choices, and time per choice. There were statistically significant effects of stress on all these variables; performance decrements were observed in both stress conditions relative to the normothermic-unrestrained condition. Normothermic-restrained rats displayed less impairment than cold-restrained rats on the stress day. Performance of normothermic-restrained rats returned to baseline levels the day after stress, whereas performance for the cold-restrained rats typically did not. This study demonstrates that: 1) restraint and cold stress impair performance on a memory task; and 2) impairment extent is related to stress severity. One of the mechanisms responsible for the observed behavioral deficits under cold stress may involve altered cholinergic function, because we previously demonstrated that hippocampal acetylcholine levels also decrease in relation to the severity of cold stress.
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PMID:Spatial memory under acute cold and restraint stress. 981 70

Animal handlers may be harmed on the job due to injuries inflicted by animals; dangers related to the facility, work activities, and equipment; and weather extremes. Traumatic or venomous attacks by animals can result in fatality. Potentially hazardous features of the work environment include fumigation chambers, cage washers, slippery walking surfaces, needles and scalpels, food preparation equipment, noise, radiation, and motor vehicles. Heat- and cold-related injuries are not uncommon. Attention to safety measures is of critical importance in the field of animal handling.
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PMID:Physical hazards of animal handlers. 1032

A condition colloquially referred to as "limber tail" and "cold tail" is familiar to people working with hunting dogs, primarily Pointers and Labrador Retrievers. The typical case consists of an adult dog that suddenly develops a flaccid tail. The tail either hangs down from the tail base or is held out horizontally for several inches from the tail base and then hangs straight down or at some degree below horizontal. Initially, the hair on the dorsal aspect of the proximal tail may be raised and dogs may resent palpation of the area 3-4 inches (8-10 cm) from the tail base. Most dogs recover spontaneously within a few days to weeks. Anecdotal reports suggest that anti-inflammatory drugs administered within 24 hours after onset hasten recovery. Less than one half of affected dogs experience a recurrence. Affected Pointers almost always have a history of prolonged cage transport, a hard workout the previous day, or exposure to cold or wet weather Most owners and trainers familiar with the condition do not seek veterinary assistance. In cases where people are not familiar with this disease, other conditions such as a fracture, spinal cord disease, impacted anal glands, or prostatic disease have been incorrectly diagnosed. We examined 4 affected Pointers and found evidence of coccygeal muscle damage, which included mild elevation of creatine kinase early after onset of clinical signs, needle electromyographic examination showing abnormal spontaneous discharges restricted to the coccygeal muscles several days after onset, and histopathologic evidence of muscle fiber damage. Specific muscle groups, namely the laterally positioned intertransversarius ventralis caudalis muscles, were affected most severely. Abnormal findings on thermography and scintigraphy further supported the diagnosis.
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PMID:Coccygeal muscle injury in English Pointers (limber tail). 1058 53

Rodent muscles have been examined in more than 89 spaceflight studies over the last 25 years with much variation in the procedures and results. Mission duration ranged from four days to three weeks, postflight data collection ranged from a few hours to two days after landing, and there is great diversity in the number, size, and age of the rats that have flown. Several different types and sizes of animal enclosures have also been used--a significant factor because cage design affects animal activity and muscle loading. Only a small percentage (approximately 16%) of the total number of striated muscles in the rat have been examined. We have identified both substantial redundancy and inconsistencies in the results from studies to date. However, many of these appear unavoidable due to the great variation in experimental protocol of the different missions. Nevertheless these studies repeatedly confirm that exposure to spaceflight decreases the mass of limb muscles and leads to muscle atrophy. The majority of missions were flown by the former Soviet Union, but the majority of papers have been published by U.S. researchers. A relatively small number of investigators (about 50) clustered into fewer than 15 identifiable research groups worldwide account for most of the results to date. These groups have had access to rodent muscle tissue from two to seven spaceflights each. International cooperation in the post-cold war era and the publication of future work in peer-reviewed international journals should help greatly in reducing redundancy and enriching our knowledge of how gravity affects biological systems.
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PMID:Survey of studies on how spaceflight affects rodent skeletal muscle. 1066 Jul 71

A 29-year-old male complaining of fever and general fatigue was admitted to our hospital. On admission chest X-ray showed infiltrative shadows with cavities in the bilateral lung apical areas, and sputum examination for acid fast bacilli was smear positive, Gaffky 1. He was treated as pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), and chest X-ray findings and sputum examination improved after a few months of treatment with antituberculous chemotherapy (INH, RFP, EB, PZA). However, tuberculous cold abscess appeared in retropharyngeal area, subcutaneous tissue of thoracic cage and retroperitoneal space, and shortly later, bone and joint TB were recognized in shoulder and wrist joints and vertebrae. The findings of vertebral foci were not recognized by a simple X-ray picture of vertebrae. at that time, but MRI of vertebrae showed low intensity areas with ring enhancement in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. Despite treatment with antituberculous agents, new bone and joint TB had developed in many tissues and had accompanied with cold abscess in adjacent tissue, whereas pulmonary TB had improved after the initial transient worsening. The appearance of bone and joint TB was most probably caused by the initial transient worsening of hidden bone and joint TB as a part of the initial systemic transient worsening of tuberculosis. After treatment for 4 months, pulmonary TB as well as bone and joints TB had improved. Tuberculous cold abscess in retropharyngeal may be secondary to cervical vertebral TB but is now rarely seen. In this case, involvement in many tissues such as retropharyngeal area, subcutaneous tissue of thoracic cage and retroperitoneal space were seen, and these findings are now uncommon and usually represents involvement secondary to contiguous infection.
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PMID:[A case of pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with multiple bone and joint tuberculosis]. 1091 88


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