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Query: UMLS:C0009443 (cold)
 92,137 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Abiotic stresses such as drought, cold, and salinity affect normal growth and development in plants. The production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause oxidative stress under these abiotic conditions. Recent research has elucidated the significant role of ethylene response factor (ERF) proteins in plant adaptation to abiotic stresses. Our earlier functional analysis of an ERF protein, JERF3, indicated that JERF3-expressing tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) adapts better to salinity in vitro. This article extends that study by showing that transcriptional regulation of JERF3 in the oxidative stress response modulates the increased tolerance to abiotic stresses. First, we confirm that JERF3-expressing tobacco enhances adaptation to drought, freezing, and osmotic stress during germination and seedling development. Then we demonstrate that JERF3-expressing tobacco imparts not only higher expression of osmotic stress genes compared to wild-type tobacco, but also the activation of photosynthetic carbon assimilation/metabolism and oxidative genes. More importantly, this regulation of the expression of oxidative genes subsequently enhances the activities of superoxide dismutase but reduces the content of ROS in tobacco under drought, cold, salt, and abscisic acid treatments. This indicates that JERF3 also modulates the abiotic stress response via the regulation of the oxidative stress response. Further assays indicate that JERF3 activates the expression of reporter genes driven by the osmotic-responsive GCC box, DRE, and CE1 and by oxidative-responsive as-1 in transient assays, suggesting the transcriptional activation of JERF3 in the expression of genes involved in response to oxidative and osmotic stress. Our results therefore establish that JERF3 activates the expression of such genes through transcription, resulting in decreased accumulation of ROS and, in turn, enhanced adaptation to drought, freezing, and salt in tobacco.
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PMID:Transcriptional modulation of ethylene response factor protein JERF3 in the oxidative stress response enhances tolerance of tobacco seedlings to salt, drought, and freezing. 1894 33

DREB (dehydration-responsive element-binding protein) transcription factors have important roles in the stress-related regulation network in plants. A DREB orthologue, GmDREB3, belonging to the A-5 subgroup of the DREB subfamily, was isolated from soybean using the RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) method. Northern blot analysis showed that expression of GmDREB3 in soybean seedlings was induced following cold stress treatment for 0.5 h and was not detected after 3 h. However, it was not induced by drought and high salt stresses or by abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. This response was similar to those of members in the A-1 subgroup and different from those of other members in the A-5 subgroup, suggesting that the GmDREB3 gene was involved in an ABA-independent cold stress-responsive signal pathway. Furthermore, analysis of the GmDREB3 promoter elucidated its cold-induced modulation. A promoter fragment containing bases -1058 to -664 was involved in response to cold stress, and its effect was detected for 1 h after treatment, but a transcriptional repressor appeared to impair this response by binding to a cis-element in the region -1403 to -1058 at 24 h after the beginning of cold stress. Moreover, the GmDREB3 protein could specifically bind to the DRE element in vitro, and activated expression of downstream reporter genes in yeast cells. In addition, overexpression of GmDREB3 enhanced tolerance to cold, drought, and high salt stresses in transgenic Arabidopsis. Physiological analyses indicated that the fresh weight and osmolality of GmDREB3 transgenic Arabidopsis under cold stress were higher than those of wild-type controls. GmDREB3 transgenic tobacco accumulated higher levels of free proline under drought stress and retained higher leaf chlorophyll levels under high salt stress than wild-type tobacco. In addition, constitutive expression of GmDREB3 in transgenic Arabidopsis caused growth retardation, whereas its expression under control of the stress-inducible Rd29A promoter minimized negative effects on plant growth under normal growth conditions, indicating that a combination of the Rd29A promoter and GmDREB3 might be useful for improving tolerance to environmental stresses in crop plants.
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PMID:Cold-induced modulation and functional analyses of the DRE-binding transcription factor gene, GmDREB3, in soybean (Glycine max L.). 1898 21

A cotton (G. hirsutum L.) dehydration responsive element binding protein gene, GhDREB, which encodes a 153 amino acid protein containing a conserved AP2/EREBP domain, was isolated from the cDNA library of cotton cv. Simian 3 by a yeast one-hybrid system. RNA blot analysis showed that the GhDREB gene was induced in cotton seedlings by drought, high salt and cold stresses. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) indicated that the GhDREB protein bound specifically to the DRE core element (A/GCCGAC) in vitro. Two expression vectors containing the GhDREB gene with either of the Ubiqutin or rd29A promoters were constructed and transferred into wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by bombardment. Fifty-eight Ubi::GhDREB and 17 rd29A::GhDREB T(0) plants of Yangmai (36 plants) and Lumai (39 plants) were identified by PCR analysis, respectively. Southern blot and RT-PCR analyses showed that two or three copies of the GhDREB were integrated into the Yangmai 10 genome and were expressed at the transcriptional level, and three or four copies were integrated into the Lumai 23 genome. Functional analysis indicated that the transgenic plants had improved tolerance to drought, high salt, and freezing stresses through accumulating higher levels of soluble sugar and chlorophyll in leaves after stress treatments. No phenotype differences were observed between transgenic plants and their non-transgenic controls. These results indicated that GhDREB might be useful in improving wheat stress tolerance through genetic engineering.
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PMID:A cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) DRE-binding transcription factor gene, GhDREB, confers enhanced tolerance to drought, high salt, and freezing stresses in transgenic wheat. 1900 55

A novel DREB (dehydration responsive element binding) gene, designated PeDREB2, was isolated from the desert-grown tree, Populus euphratica. Based on multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic characterization, PeDREB2 was classified as an A-2 group member of the DREB family. Expression of PeDREB2 was induced by cold, drought, and high salinity, but not by abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. PeDREB2 could bind specifically to DRE elements and was targeted to the nucleus when transiently expressed in onion epidermis cells. 35S promoter-driven expression of PeDREB2 improved salt tolerance in transgenic tobacco and did not cause growth retardation. The results indicate that PeDREB2 functions as a novel transcription factor involved in the response of salt stress and might be useful in improving salt tolerance in transgenic plants.
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PMID:Expression profiling and functional characterization of a DREB2-type gene from Populus euphratica. 1903 34

Abiotic stresses such as cold, drought and high salinity are common adverse environmental conditions that seriously influence plant growth and crop productivity worldwide. Some transcription factors (TFs) have been isolated and verified recently to play roles under abiotic stresses. Among them, the TF of DREB (Dehydration responsive element binding) can therefore regulate the expression of many stress-inducible genes in plants and play a critical role in improving abiotic stress tolerance of plants by interacting with specific cis-acting element named DRE/CRT, which is present in the promoter region of various abiotic stress-related genes. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge of DREBs in the structural and functional characters with emphasis on the regulation and mechanisms of DREBs on plant development, as well as new research approaches and complexity of the signal transduction pathway of DREBs. The practical and application value of DREBs in crop improvement engineering was also discussed.
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PMID:[Dehydration-responsive element-binding (DREB) transcription factor in plants and its role during abiotic stresses]. 1927 35

Poplar is an important crop and a model system to understand molecular processes of growth, development and responses to environmental stimuli in trees. In this study, we analyzed gene expression in white poplar (Populus alba) plants subjected to chilling. Two forward suppression-subtractive-hybridization libraries were constructed from P. alba plants exposed to low non-freezing temperature for 6 or 48h. Hundred and sixty-two cDNAs, 54 from the 6-h library and 108 from the 48-h library, were obtained. Isolated genes belonged to six categories of genes, specifically those that: (i) encode stress and defense proteins; (ii) are involved in signal transduction; (iii) are related to regulation of gene expression; (iv) encode proteins involved in cell cycle and DNA processing; (v) encode proteins involved in metabolism and energetic processes; and (vi) are involved in protein fate. Different expression patterns at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48h at 4 degrees C and after a recovery of 24h at 20 degrees C were observed for isolated genes, as expected according to the class in which the gene putatively belongs. Forty-four of 162 genes contained DRE/LTRE cis-elements in the 5' proximal promoter of their orthologs in Populus trichocarpa, suggesting that they putatively belong to the CBF regulon. The results contribute new data to the list of possible candidate genes involved in cold response in poplar.
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PMID:Isolation and expression analysis of low temperature-induced genes in white poplar (Populus alba). 1946 53

Temperature has a profound effect on plant growth and development. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this regulation are not well understood. In particular, how moderate temperature variations are perceived and transduced inside the plant cells remains obscure. In this study, we analyzed transcriptional responses to a moderate decrease in temperature (cooling) in Arabidopsis thaliana. The cooling response involves a weaker and more transient induction of cold-induced genes, such as COR15a, than cold response. This induction probably accounts for the increase in freezing tolerance by cooling acclimation. Cooling also induces some defense response genes, and their induction, but not that of COR15a, requires the salicylic acid signaling pathway. Analysis of the regulation of COR15a reveals that cooling induction is mediated through the same C repeat/dehydration-responsive (CRT/DRE) element as cold induction. Furthermore, we identified a role for CBF1 and CBF4 in transducing signals of moderate decreases in temperature. It appears that variants of the CBF signaling cascade are utilized in cold and cooling responses, and a moderate decrease in temperature may invoke an adaptive response to prepare plants to cope with a more drastic decrease in temperature.
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PMID:A moderate decrease in temperature induces COR15a expression through the CBF signaling cascade and enhances freezing tolerance. 1956 40

A novel transcription factor, TcAP2, was isolated from Taxus cuspidata by yeast one-hybrid strategy. This factor interacts with jasmonate- and elicitor-responsive element. Analysis of the deduced TcAP2 amino acid sequence revealed that TcAP2 contained a conserved AP2/ethylene-responsive element binding protein domain that consisted of 268 amino acids in a potential nuclear localization sequence. The factor of TcAP2 had a high homology, in its AP2 domain, to other AP2 family members. Based on phylogenetic analysis, it was different from other five DRE-binding proteins in their evolutionary relationship. The transcription of TcAP2 gene in yew accumulated primarily in young organs, such as young stems. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis indicated that TcAP2 gene was inducible to express by treatments with methyl jasmonate plus salicylic acid, high salinity, and cold. This gene showed no response to either abscisic acid or drought treatment.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of a novel cDNA encoding methyl jasmonate-responsive transcription factor TcAP2 from Taxus cuspidata. 1956 89

Transcriptional repressors are emerging as central regulators of development and stress responses in different organisms. The ERF-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif was identified as essential for transcriptional repression. To gain a better understanding of this type of protein, we reported here a novel GmERF4 protein from soybean. Sequence alignment showed that GmERF4 contains one AP2/ERF domain, two putative nuclear localization signal regions and one EAR motif. The GmERF4 protein was preferentially localized to the nucleus of onion epidermis cells and bound specifically to the GCC box and DRE/CRT element in vitro. Furthermore, the expression of GmERF4 was induced by ethylene, JA, SA, cold, salt, drought, and soybean mosaic virus, and repressed by ABA. Constitutive expression of GmERF4 in transgenic tobacco plants increased tolerance to salt and drought stresses compared with wild-type plants, but did not exhibit detectable resistance against bacterial infection.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of a novel EAR-motif-containing gene GmERF4 from soybean (Glycine max L.). 1959 61

A new member of the AP2/ERF transcription factor family, GmERF3, was isolated from soybean. Sequence analysis showed that GmERF3 contained an AP2/ERF domain of 58 amino acids and two putative nuclear localization signal (NLS) domains. It belonged to a group IV protein in the ERF (ethylene response factor) subfamily as typified by a conserved N-terminal motif [MCGGAI(I/L)]. Expression of GmERF3 was induced by treatments with high salinity, drought, abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene (ET), and soybean mosaic virus (SMV), whereas there was no significant GmERF3 mRNA accumulation under cold stress treatment. GmERF3 could bind to the GCC box and DRE/CRT element, and was targeted to the nucleus when transiently expressed in onion epidermal cells. The GmERF3 protein fused to the GAL4 DNA-binding domain to activate transcription of reporter genes in yeast. Ectopic expression of the GmERF3 gene in transgenic tobacco plants induced the expression of some PR genes and enhanced resistance against infection by Ralstonia solanacearum, Alternaria alternata, and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), and gave tolerance to high salinity and dehydration stresses. Furthermore, overexpression of GmERF3 in transgenic tobacco led to higher levels of free proline and soluble carbohydrates compared to wild-type plants under drought conditions. The overall results suggested that GmERF3 as an AP2/ERF transcription factor may play dual roles in response to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants.
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PMID:Overexpression of the soybean GmERF3 gene, an AP2/ERF type transcription factor for increased tolerances to salt, drought, and diseases in transgenic tobacco. 1960 44


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