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Query: UMLS:C0009443 (cold)
 92,137 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The transcription factors DREB1s/CBFs specifically interact with the DRE/CRT cis-acting element (core motif: G/ACCGAC) and control the expression of many stress-inducible genes in Arabidopsis. We isolated a cDNA for a DREB1/CBF homolog, ZmDREB1A in maize using a yeast one-hybrid system. The ZmDREB1A proteins specifically bound to DRE and the highly conserved valine at the 14th residue in the ERF/AP2 DNA binding domain was a key to determining the specific interaction between this protein and the DRE sequence. Expression of ZmDREB1A was induced by cold stress and slightly increased by high-salinity stress. This gene was also transiently expressed by mechanical attack. ZmDREB1A activated the transcription of the GUS reporter gene driven by DRE in rice protoplasts. Overexpression of ZmDREB1A in transgenic Arabidopsis induced overexpression of target stress-inducible genes of Arabidopsis DREB1A resulting in plants with higher tolerance to drought and freezing stresses. This indicated that ZmDREB1A has functional similarity to DREB1s/CBFs in Arabidopsis. The structure of the ERF/AP2 domain of ZmDREB1A in maize is closely related to DREB1-type ERF/AP2 domains in the monocots as compared with that in the dicots. ZmDREB1A is suggested to be potentially useful for producing transgenic plants that is tolerant to drought, high-salinity and/or cold stresses.
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PMID:Cloning and functional analysis of a novel DREB1/CBF transcription factor involved in cold-responsive gene expression in Zea mays L. 1535 30

A new CRT binding factor (CBF) gene designated Cbcbf25 was cloned from Capsella bursa-pastoris, a wild grass, by the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full-length cDNA of Cbcbf25 was 898 bp with a 669 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a putative DRE/CRT (LTRE)-binding protein of 223 amino acids. The predicted CbCBF25 protein contained a potential nuclear localization signal (NLS) in its N-terminal region followed by an AP2 DNA-binding motif and a possible acidic activation domain in the C-terminal region. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that Cbcbf25 has a high level of similarity with other CBF genes like cbf1, cbf2, and cbf3 from Arabidopsis thaliana, and Bncbf5, Bncbf7, Bncbf16, and Bncbf17 from Brassica napus. A cold acclimation assay showed that Cbcbf25 was expressed immediately after cold triggering, but this expression was transient, suggesting that it concerns cold acclimation. Our study implies that Cbcbf25 is an analogue of other CBF genes and may participate in cold-response, by for example, controlling the expression of cold-regulated genes or increasing the freezing tolerance of plants.
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PMID:Isolation and molecular characterization of a new CRT binding factor gene from Capsella bursa-pastoris. 1547 16

A new CBF gene was cloned from Capsella bursa-pastoris(shepherd's purse) by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full-length cDNA of C. bursa-pastoris CBF gene (designated as Cbcbf) was 1034 bp long and contained a 657 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a putative DRE/CRT (LTRE)-binding protein of 219 amino acids. The predicted CbCBF protein was found to have a potential nuclear localization signal (NLS) in its N-terminal region followed by an AP2 DNA-binding motif and an acidic C-terminal half that might act as an activator domain. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that Cbcbf strongly resembled other CBF genes from Arabidopsis thaliana (cbf1, cbf2, cbf3) and Brassica napus (Bncbf5, Bncbf 7, Bncbf16 and Bncbf17). Subsequent cold acclimation assay showed that Cbcbf was relevant to cold acclimation. Our study implies that Cbcbf might have similar functions possessed by other CBF genes such as inducing the expression of some cold-regulated genes and increasing plants' freezing tolerance.
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PMID:Molecular cloning and characterization of a CBF gene from Capsella bursa-pastoris. 1549 40

Through the use of subtractive hybridization analysis, we have identified 14 partial cDNA clones (pCa-DSRs) that are rapidly induced by dehydration in hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) roots. The predicted proteins encoded by Ca-DSRs are putatively involved in processes as diverse as primary and secondary metabolism, protein degradation, and stress responses, indicating the complexity of cellular responses to water deficit in hot pepper roots. Particularly, we investigated the detailed structural properties and expression profiles of Ca-DSR2 (Ca-DREBLP1: dehydration-responsive element binding-factor-like protein 1) encoding a protein that contains a single ERF/AP2 DNA-binding domain. Based on the conserved 14th valine and 19th glutamic acid residues in the ERF/AP2 domain, a basic amino acid stretch (PKKPAGRKKFR) near its N-terminal region, and DSAW signature sequence at the end of its ERF/AP2 domain, Ca-DREBLP1 was classified as a member of a DREB1-type subfamily. Gel retardation assays revealed that Ca-DREBLP1 was able to form a specific complex with the DRE/CRT motif, but not with the GCC box. When fused to the GAL4 DNA-binding domain, the Ca-DREBLP1(190-215) mutant could effectively function as a trans-activator in yeast. This suggests that the extreme C-terminal region plays an essential role in transcription activation. In hot pepper plants, Ca-DREBLP1 was rapidly induced by dehydration, high salinity and, to a lesser extent, mechanical wounding, but not by cold stress. Thus, although the structural features of Ca-DREBLP1 resemble those of the DREB1-type proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana and rice plants, its induction patterns are reminiscent of the DREB2-type proteins, indicating that Ca-DREBLP1 is a novel class DREB subfamily in hot pepper.
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PMID:Isolation and functional characterization of the Ca-DREBLP1 gene encoding a dehydration-responsive element binding-factor-like protein 1 in hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Pukang). 1553 22

The ethylene, jasmonic acid and osmotic signaling pathways respond to environmental stimuli and in order to understand how plants adapt to biotic and abiotic stresses it is important to understand how these pathways interact each other. In this paper, we report a novel ERF protein--jasmonate and ethylene-responsive factor 3 (JERF3)--that unites these pathways. JERF3, which functions as an in vivo transcription activator in yeast, binds to the GCC box, an element responsive to ethylene/JA signaling, as well as to DRE, a dehydration-responsive element that responds to dehydration, high salt and low-temperature. Expression of JERF3 in tomato is mainly induced by ethylene, JA, cold, salt or ABA. Constitutive expression of JERF3 in transgenic tobacco significantly activated expression of pathogenesis-related genes that contained the GCC box, resulting in enhanced tolerance to salt. These results indicate that JERF3 functions as a linker in ethylene- and osmotic stress-signaling pathways.
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PMID:Ectopic overexpression of tomato JERF3 in tobacco activates downstream gene expression and enhances salt tolerance. 1560 74

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is sensitive to chilling particularly at early stages of seedling establishment. Two closely related genes (OsLti6a, OsLti6b), which are induced by low temperature during seedling emergence were isolated from a cold tolerant temperate japonica rice cultivar. These genes are closely related to the Arabidopsis rare cold-inducible (RCI2) and barley low-temperature-inducible (BLT101) genes. Based on direct biochemical and indirect physiological evidence and similarity with a conserved protein domain in the Cluster of Orthologous Groups (COG) database (e.g., yeast PMP3), the rice genes belong to a class of low-molecular-weight hydrophobic proteins involved in maintaining the integrity of the plasma membrane during cold, dehydration and salt stress conditions. Both genes exhibit a genotype-specific expression signature characterized by early and late stress-inducible expression in tolerant and intolerant genotypes, respectively. The differences in temporal expression profiles are consistent with cultivar differences in cold-induced membrane leakiness and seedling vigor. The presence of CRT/DRE promoter cis-elements is consistent with the synchronized expression of OsLti6 genes with the C-repeat binding factor/drought responsive element-binding protein (CBF/DREB) transcriptional activator. The present results indicate that the Oslti6 genes are part of a battery of cold stress defense-related genes regulated by a common switch.
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PMID:The OsLti6 genes encoding low-molecular-weight membrane proteins are differentially expressed in rice cultivars with contrasting sensitivity to low temperature. 1565 83

cis-Acting regulatory elements are important molecular switches involved in the transcriptional regulation of a dynamic network of gene activities controlling various biological processes, including abiotic stress responses, hormone responses and developmental processes. In particular, understanding regulatory gene networks in stress response cascades depends on successful functional analyses of cis-acting elements. The ever-improving accuracy of transcriptome expression profiling has led to the identification of various combinations of cis-acting elements in the promoter regions of stress-inducible genes involved in stress and hormone responses. Here we discuss major cis-acting elements, such as the ABA-responsive element (ABRE) and the dehydration-responsive element/C-repeat (DRE/CRT), that are a vital part of ABA-dependent and ABA-independent gene expression in osmotic and cold stress responses.
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PMID:Organization of cis-acting regulatory elements in osmotic- and cold-stress-responsive promoters. 1570 46

A new DRE-binding protein gene FaDREB1 encoded for an AP2/ERFBP-type transcription factor was isolated by RACE-PCR from Festuca arundinacea Schreb seedlings. Its cDNA was sequenced with 988 bp, from which a protein with 216 amino acid residues was deduced with a predicted molecular mass of 23.479 kDa and a pI of 4.70. A search of the Protein Blast data revealed that this protein can be classified as a typical member of the AP2/EREBP family of DNA-binding proteins. The tissue organ-specific expression pattern of the FaDREB1 gene showed that its transcripts were abundant in leaves and leaf sheaths, and scarce in roots. Southern blot analysis indicated that it is a multiple-copy gene. Its mRNA accumulation profiles made clear that its expression was strongly induced by cold treatment, weakly induced by drought and salt stress, but did not respond to ABA treatment. It was concluded that the protein FaDREB1 may be involved in the process of plant response to cold stress through an ABA-independent pathway.
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PMID:Isolation and identification of a cold-inducible gene encoding a putative DRE-binding transcription factor from Festuca arundinacea. 1585 31

Previously, we reported on a tomato ERF transcription activator, TERF1, which was concluded to act as a linker between ethylene and osmotic signal pathways. We now report on the regulatory role of TERF1 in ABA sensitivity and drought response during seedling development. Northern blotting analysis indicated that the transcripts of TERF1 were significantly accumulated in response to drought, cold and ABA. TERF1 activated GCC box- or DRE-driven reporter gene expression in transient expression assay, subsequently increasing the tolerance to drought and the osmoticum, PEG6000, in tobacco expressing TERF1. Further tests showed that TERF1 did not affect the seed germination, but greatly enhanced the sensitivity during tobacco seedling development under ABA treatment. This ABA hypersensitivity in transgenic TERF1 tobacco is both indirect ethylene action and expressions of ABA responsive genes, demonstrating that TERF1 is a multifunctional ERF protein that can integrate different stress signal pathways.
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PMID:Expressing TERF1 in tobacco enhances drought tolerance and abscisic acid sensitivity during seedling development. 1587 Oct 29

A cDNA that was rapidly induced upon abscisic acid, cold, drought, mechanical wounding and to a lesser extent, by high salinity treatment, was isolated from Arabidopsis seedlings. It was classified as DREB subfamily member based on multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic characterization. Since it encoded a protein with a typical ERF/AP2 DNA-binding domain and was closely related to the TINY gene, we named it TINY2. Gel retardation assay revealed that TINY2 was able to form a specific complex with the previously characterized DRE element while showed only residual affinity to the GCC box. When fused to the GAL4 DNA-binding domain, either full-length or its C-terminus functioned effectively as a trans-activator in the yeast one-hybrid assay while its N-terminus was completely inactive. Our data indicate that TINY2 could be a new member of the AP2/EREBP transcription factor family involved in activation of down-stream genes in response to environmental stress.
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PMID:Molecular cloning, phylogenetic analysis, expressional profiling and in vitro studies of TINY2 from Arabidopsis thaliana. 1605 11


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