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Query: UMLS:C0009443 (cold)
 92,137 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of cold milk drink on selected biochemical and haematological parameters in calves blood during the milk nutrition period was observed in farm conditions, as compared with the current feeding regime. The test group was offered cold sour milk drink (one 1 MKS Laktosan acidulated with addition of 22 ml formic acid to a pH of 4.6) at the temperature of 16 degrees C after four-day-adaption till the calves average age of 61 days. The control group was given MKS Laktosan in the usual way, using the same amount of the drink and time of serving it. During the test the performance was recorded, as well as haemoglobine content, total protein, haematocrit, urea, glucose, cholesterol, transaminase (ALT and AST) activities and alkaline blood reserves. In the studied parameters no significant differences were found between the test and control group (P greater than 0.05). The average daily gains of live weight during the period of milk nutrition was 0.762 kg in the test group and 0.667 kg in the control group.
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PMID:[Determination of the effects of feeding cold soured milk to calves under normal conditions]. 210 Apr 25

Despite biochemical demonstration of acid phosphatase (AcP) activation or reactivation in bone, few attempts have been made to show similar effects histochemically. Bones from growing rats, when fixed in 4% buffered formaldehyde at room temperature and demineralized in 5% formic acid, exhibited expected inactivation of AcP. The inhibited AcP, however, was reactivated by pre-incubation of sections for 1 hr at 37 degrees C in the following buffers: 0.2 M Tris, 0.2 M glycine, 0.2 M NaHCO3, or 0.1 M borax, as well as in alkaline water, but not in 0.2 M Na2HPO4 (all at pH 9). The reactivation was (a) site-specific (e.g., osteoclasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and cement lines), (b) temperature- and pH-dependent, (c) unaffected by OH- or SH--binding agents or by an alkaline phosphatase inhibitor, and (d) inhibited completely by 10 mM Na2HPO4. The reactivation process, much simplified and/or more effective than with the methods previously reported, was observed in all 83 human biopsy bones embedded in methyl methacrylate and in human bones stored in cold buffered formaldehyde for 7 months. This study demonstrates a unique method for reactivating and thus localizing the inhibited AcP in bones, and suggests possible applications in bone histomorphometry.
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PMID:Reactivation of inhibited bone acid phosphatase and its significance in bone histomorphometry. 368 Sep 30

1. A critical study was made of the quantitative extraction of nucleotide and sugar phosphates from plant tissue by either boiling aqueous ethanol or cold trichloroacetic acid. The effect of the extraction technique on the inactivation of the enzymes in the plant tissue and the possibility of adsorption of the phosphate esters on the cell wall were especially considered. 2. In the recommended method the plant tissue was frozen in liquid nitrogen, ground to a powder and then blended with cold aqueous trichloroacetic acid containing 8-hydroxyquinoline to prevent adsorption. 3. The extract contained large amounts of trichloroacetic acid, cations, chloride, sugars, amino acids, hydroxy organic acids, phytic acid, orthophosphoric acid and high-molecular-weight material including some phosphorus-containing compounds. All of these were removed as they were liable to interfere with the chromatographic or enzymic assay of the individual nucleotide or sugar phosphates. 4. The procedure was as follows: the last traces of trichloroacetic acid were extracted with ether after the solution had been passed through a column of Dowex AG 50 in the hydrogen form to remove all cations. High-molecular-weight compounds were removed by ultrafiltration and low-molecular-weight solutes by a two-stage chromatography on cellulose columns with organic solvents. In the first stage, sugars, amino acids, chloride and phytic acid were separated by using a basic solvent (propan-1-ol-water-aqueous ammonia) and, in the second stage, the organic acids and orthophosphoric acid were separated by using an acidic solvent (di-isopropyl ether-formic acid-2-methylpropan-2-ol-water). The final solution of nucleotide and sugar phosphates was substantially free from other solutes and was suitable for the detection of individual phosphate esters by either chromatography or enzymic assay. 5. The recovery of d-glucose 6-phosphate or adenosine 5'-triphosphate added to a trichloroacetic acid extract simulating that from peas and potatoes, and isolated according to the standard procedures, was better than 95%. Estimation of naturally occurring d-glucose 6-phosphate and adenosine 5'-triphosphate in the initial extract of peas and potatoes and in the final purified extract also indicated a recovery of about 95%. A similar estimation of uridine diphosphate glucose in potatoes showed that little or no breakdown occurred.
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PMID:Analysis of phosphate esters in plant material. Extraction and purification. 604 32

Free N-acetylsialic acid (NeuNAc) and CMP-N-acetylsialic acids (CMP-NeuNAc) are extracted from freeze-clamped or liquid nitrogen-frozen biological material by sequential extraction with cold acetone and acetone/water. [14C]NeuNAc and [14C]CMP-NeuNAc (20,000 dpm each) are added to the frozen material to correct for small losses occurring during the subsequent steps. NeuNAc and CMP-NeuNAc are separated by anion-exchange chromatography. CMP-NeuNAc is hydrolyzed with formic acid and again chromatographed on an ion-exchange column. The NeuNAc-containing fractions (representing free NeuNAc and CMP-NeuNAc) are converted to [14C]CMP-NeuNAc in the presence of [14C]CTP and CMP-NeuNAc synthetase. [14C]CMP-NeuNAc is separated by paper chromatography and the radioactivity measured by liquid scintillation counting. The amount of NeuNAc is calculated from a calibration curve obtained with NeuNAc standards. The small amounts of [14C]NeuNAc and [14C]CMP-NeuNAc added initially do not interfere with the final assay. The method gives reliable values down to 50 pmol/assay, but the sensitivity can be easily increased by a factor of 10. Recoveries, with NeuNAc and CMP-NeuNAc added to biological extracts, were 98.3 and 98.5% for NeuNAc and CMP-NeuNAc, respectively. With this method values of 61.2 +/- 12.8 and 24.4 +/- 5.2 nmol/g wet wt were found in rat liver for free NeuNAc and CMP-NeuNAc, respectively. Values for free NeuNAc found in human blood plasma were 600 +/- 476 and 373 +/- 180 pmol/g plasma for healthy persons and patients with breast cancer, respectively. Free CMP-NeuNAc could not be found in plasma.
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PMID:Radioenzymatic determination of CMP-N-acetylsialic acid and free N-acetylsialic acid in biological material. 686 23

The role of the NH2-terminal region of nerve growth factor (NGF) was studied with an NGF delta 9/13 deletion mutant, overexpressed in a baculovirus system, and mouse NGF truncated at Met-9 by cleavage with CNBr (des-(1-9)-NGF). Structural studies have been performed on the purified proteins, in addition to biological activity assessment, in order to determine effects of such modifications on global conformation and stability. The activity of NGF delta 9/13 was reduced below detectable levels, and the activity of the des-(1-9)-NGF form was decreased by at least a 50-fold in a PC12 bioassay. Competitive binding of NGF delta 9/13 to low affinity receptors on PC12 cells was not impaired; however, the mutant was not capable of competing for the cold chase-stable, high affinity binding of NGF to the cells. The binding of NGF delta 9/13 to Sf21 cells ectopically expressing the TrkA NGF receptor was also abolished. Thus, deletion of residues 9-13 significantly altered the binding affinity for the high affinity receptors on PC12 cells and for the TrkA receptor, but not for the low affinity receptor. Neither the secondary structure, determined by circular dichroism, nor the conformational stability determined by equilibrium denaturation of NGF delta 9/13 was altered as compared with wild type NGF. Slight conformational and stability perturbations of des-(1-9)-NGF were revealed by the same analysis; however, these changes were found to reflect the influence of the formic acid treatment, not the truncation of 9 residues. Our results support the conclusion that the NH2-terminal domain encompassing residues 1-9 and 9-13 is essential for maintaining the binding capability of NGF for high affinity TrkA receptors. Moreover, conformational and stability data show that the functional results of these modifications of the NH2-terminal region are directly due to receptor binding and not to secondary effects of improper folding or other indirect structural changes.
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PMID:Alteration of NH2-terminal residues of nerve growth factor affects activity and Trk binding without affecting stability or conformation. 789 Jul 65

Observations of nine oxygen- and sulfur-containing organic molecules have been made toward the cold dark clouds TMC-1 and L134N. We have confirmed the presence of para-ketene (H2C2O) in TMC-1, have for the first time observed ortho-ketene, and find a total ketene column density approximately 1 x 10(13) cm-2. Thioformaldehyde (H2CS) is easily detectable in both TMC-1 and L134N, with a column density about 5 times larger in the former source (approximately 3 x 10(13) cm-2). The fractional abundance of ketene is comparable to the predictions of ion-molecule chemistry, while that of thioformaldehyde in TMC-1 is one to two orders of magnitude greater than that expected from such models at steady state. Interstellar sulfur chemistry thus continues to be poorly understood. We set upper limits for the column densities of formic acid (HCOOH), vinyl alcohol (CH2CHOH), methyl formate (HCO2CH3), formamide (NH2CHO), methyl mercaptan (CH3SH), isothiocyanic acid (HNCS), and thioketene (H2C2S) in both sources.
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PMID:Observations of some oxygen-containing and sulfur-containing organic molecules in cold dark clouds. 1153 50

The last year or so has seen the identification of several new interstellar molecules, including C2S, C3S, C5H, C6H, and (probably) HC2CHO in the cold, dark cloud TMC-1; and the discovery of the first interstellar phosphorous-containing molecule, PN, in the Orion "plateau" source. Further interesting results include the observations of 13C3H2 and C3HD, and the first detection of HCOOH (formic acid) in a cold cloud.
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PMID:Newly detected molecules in dense interstellar clouds. 1153 61

We report the first detection of formic acid (HCOOH) in a cold, dark interstellar cloud (L134N). The observed abundance of 3x10(-10) relative to H2 is between one and two orders of magnitude lower than that calculated by published ion molecule models of dark cloud chemistry, but is quite consistent with recent model revisions based on new reaction rates. Formic acid was not detected in the archetypical dark cloud TMC-1, and was tentatively detected in the region of massive star formation, W51.
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PMID:Detection of formic acid in the cold, dark cloud L134N. 1153 81

The effect of 50% ethanolic extract of Utleria salicifolia (USE) was assessed in different acute and chronic gastric ulcer models in rats. USE, 50-200 mg/kg administered orally, twice daily for 5 days showed dose-dependent ulcer protective effect in pylorus ligation (14.48-51.03% protection, P < 0.5 to P < 0.01), aspirin (28.80-56.52% protection, P < 0.5 to P < 0.001), ethanol (13.22-60.74% protection, P < 0.5 to P < 0.001), cold-restraint stress (21.22-77.14% protection, P < 0.05 to P < 0.001), and acetic acid (20.0-84.37% protection, P < 0.5 to P < 0.001)-induced acute and chronic ulcers. USE also significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the ulcer incidence (50 and 10%) and severity (67.83 and 91.34% protection) of duodenal ulcer, induced by cysteamine. Besides USE offered protection (53.52 and 60.58%) against ethanol-induced depletion of gastric wall mucus. However, USE reduced the ulcer index with significant decrease in plasma corticosterone (25.53 and 39.52% protection, P < 0.1 and P < 0.05), lipid peroxidation (18.75 and 47.92% protection, P < 0.01 and P < 0.001), superoxide dismutase (15.80 and 26.61% protection, P < 0.05 and P < 0.001) and increased in catalase (28.42 and 71.0% protection, P < 0.05 and P < 0.001) activity, respectively. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the USE gave the positive test for steroids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins and tannins. The HPTLC studies in the toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid and the densitometric scanning at 254 nm gave three major spots with area corresponding to 28.16, 17.17, and 13.79% at 0.69, 0.78, and 0.88 R(f) values, respectively. The results indicate that USE possesses antiulcer activity.
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PMID:Antiulcer activity of Utleria salicifolia rhizome extract. 1512 Apr 46

A method has been developed to quantify chlorpyrifos (O,O-diethyl-O-[3,5,6,-trichloro-2-pyridyl] phosphorothionate) and its metabolites chlorpyrifos-oxon (O,O-diethyl-O-[3,5,6,trichloro-2-pyridinyl] phosphate) and TCP (3,5,6,-trichloro-2-pyridinol) in rat brain tissue by coupled-column liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/LC/ESI-MS/MS). Rat brains were homogenized and treated by protein precipitation using ice-cold acetonitrile. The supernatant was directly injected onto the coupled-column system. Sample clean-up was achieved on a Zorbax Extend-C(18) column (2.1 x 50 mm, 5 microm) using a mobile phase of acetonitrile/water with 0.0025% formic acid (40:60, v/v). The compounds were separated isocratically on a Zorbax Eclipse XDB C(8) column (2.0 x 150 mm, 5 microm) using a mobile phase of acetonitrile/water with 0.0025% formic acid (75:25, v/v). Chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-oxon were detected in positive ion mode using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). TCP was detected in negative ion mode using precursor-to-precursor transition monitoring. The method was validated and the specificity, linearity, limit of quantitation (LOQ), precision, accuracy, stability, and recoveries were determined. Calibration curves for all three analytes yielded correlation coefficients of 0.993 or greater. The LOQs were 25.3 ng/g for chlorpyrifos and 6.3 ng/g for chlorpyrifos-oxon and TCP. All precision relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 16% for the LOQ and less than 11% for the other QC samples. This method was successfully applied to six rats that were injected subcutaneously with chlorpyrifos.
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PMID:Determination of chlorpyrifos and its metabolites in rat brain tissue using coupled-column liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. 1691 82


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