Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0009443 (cold)
 92,137 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-five cases of incontinence of urine due to hyperactivity of the detrusor as a result of unstable urinary bladder were found among 100 patients with incontinence. The cause of the hyperactivity was established after a thorough urological and neurological screening with intravenous urography, seriated mictional cystoureterography, cystoscopy, and urine culture. The diagnosis was considered definite if uninhibited contractions of the detrusor were detected by electrocystomanometry. The primary clinical symptom was an imperious urge to mi-turate, with or without leakage of urine. Diurnal and nocturnal frequency was exacerbated in cold weather and in contact with water. There were some instances of a history of late enuresis and association with cystoceles. Anticholinergics (propantheline bromide) are the treatment of choice. Surgery should be indicated only after all medical attempts have failed.
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PMID:[A new pathology: unstable urinary bladder (author's transl)]. 48 Oct 11

V. cholerae El Tor Ogawa strain O17SR grown on trypticase soy agar were extracted with 0.05 M cyclohexylamino propane sulfonic acid (CAPS) pH 9.5 at 37 degrees C for 1 hour. The bacteria were then removed by centrifugation and millipore filtration. The filtered fluid, after being dialysed against many changes of cold distilled water, was concentrated and passed through Sephadex G200 column. Three protein profiles were eluted out with 0.05 M Tris buffer pH 8.6. The haemagglutinin and the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were confined to the first profile. They were subsequently separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. The haemagglutinin was found to be more anodic than the LPS. After homogenization of the gel strips containing the haemagglutinin followed by centrifugation at 9,000 g pure haemagglutinin was obtained in the supernatant. Rabbit aniserum against pure haemagglutinin contained protective antibodies against V. cholerae infection in the baby mouse model. Specific antibodies prepared from this antiserum was as protective as the antibodies directed against whole V. cholerae and heat stable somatic antigens of V. cholerae upon the same weight unit.
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PMID:The study of intestinal immunity against V. cholerae: purification of V. cholerae El Tor haemagglutinin and the protective role of its antibody in experimental cholera. 48 20

This study was done to determine the effects of a 30-minute cold water bath on intramuscular temperature and plantar flexion strength, immediately after treatment and during a 3-hour posttreatment recovery period. Twenty persons were tested twice, receiving treatment once and serving as controls once. Measurements were taken prior to the treatment period, immediately after treatment and then every 30 minutes for 3 hours. The dominant leg was submerged in water at 10 C for 30 minutes. Plantar flexion strength was measured with a cable tensiometer and intramuscular temperature was measured with a hypodermic thermistor probe. Intramuscular temperature significantly decreased immediately posttreatment on the experimental days and then increased significantly during the recovery period. Significant increases in strength were noted during the recovery period. A definite relationship exists between intramuscular temperature and plantar flexion strength.
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PMID:Isometric muscle contraction response during recovery from reduced intramuscular temperature. 48 2

Brain edema fluid was collected from cats with a freezing lesion in the left parietal cortex by the insertion into the brain of needles containing nylon wicks and connected to polyethylene tubes. The edema fluid samples which accumulated in the polyethylene tubes were regularly analyzed for Na+ and K+ content, colloid osmotic pressure, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase activity, and 99mTc-albumin radioactivity; the albumin tracer being introduced intravenously at the time of cold-injury. One series of cats received an intracerebral injection of ouabain solution, the control series an intracerebral injection of saline, at 100 min after the cold-injury. The ouabain injection was followed by an increase of K+ content, LDH and CPK activities but a decrease of Na+ concentration in the edema fluid, attributable to a concentration of solutes in the edema fluid as presumably water and Na+ were shifted into the cells and hence the extracellular space was reduced.
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PMID:The effect of intracerebral ouabain administration on the composition of edema fluid isolated from cats with cold-induced brain edema. 48 57

Physiological activation of the sympathetic adrenomedullary (SAM) axis following both thermal and non thermal stress was assessed by changes in serum norepinephrine, glucose and/or protein as well as indices of peripheral blood flow. The occurrence of elevated serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) did not reliably reflect SAM activation as might be predicted from pharmacological studies that document a beta adrenergic receptor mechanism in the parathyroid gland that mediates catecholamine stimulated release of PTH into the circulation. The beta agonist isoproterenol at 1 microgram/min for 60 min did produce a transient increase in serum PTH at 20 min. Overall, the data raise doubts about the physiological significance of the adrenergic receptor in the parathyroid gland. Significant increases in serum PTH of 67% and 109% above basal respectively were seen following ruminal loading with cold and thermoneutral water. Associated with the PTH change were increased serum phosphorus and elevated or constant serum protein and serum total calcium.
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PMID:Parathyroid hormone release is not associated with acute sympathetic arousal in goats. 48 94

Incorporation of tritium from tritiated water into lipid fractions was measured in isolated hepatocytes from rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) acclimated to 5 degrees C and 20 degrees C. Hepatocytes from cold-acclimated trout exhibited significantly higher rates of tritium incorporation into both fatty acid and sterol fractions at assay temperatures of 15 degrees C and 20 degrees C than did hepatocytes from warm-acclimated trout. Tritium incorporation into the fatty acid fraction was nearly temperature independent in hepatocytes from warm-acclimated trout (Q10 = 1.39) but markedly temperature dependent (Q10 = 2.63) in hepatocytes from cold-acclimated trout; in contrast, rates of sterol synthesis were more temperature dependent in warm-acclimated trout. At 5 degrees C, fatty acid lipogenesis comprised a significantly greater percentage of the total tritium incorporation in hepatocytes from warm-acclimated trout and the percentage of total lipogenesis attributable to fatty acids decreased significantly in warm-acclimated trout as the assay temperature increased; the opposite trends were observed in cold-acclimated trout.
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PMID:Fatty acid and sterol synthesis by hepatocytes of thermally acclimated rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). 49 Jan 25

This study investigated the effect of a 30-minute, 10 degrees C water bath on the intramuscular temperature of a lower leg and the contralateral lower leg. Intramuscular temperature was measured in 10 subjects using hypodermic thermistor probes inserted 25.3 mm into the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscles of both legs. One lower leg was submersed in a 10 degrees C cold bath with the water level maintained 5 cm above the patella and with the subject in a nonweight-bearing position. Intramuscular temperature significantly decreased in both lower legs during treatment, although the intramuscular temperature of the treatment lower leg was significantly lower than that of the contralateral lower leg. A temperature difference continued for four hours after treatment; however, the temperature of both lower legs was significantly lower after four hours than it was before the cold bath treatment.
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PMID:Effect of cold submersion on intramuscular temperature of the gastrocnemius muscle. 49 45

In addition to currently known mechanisms of sudden death following water immersion, predominantly vagal cardio-depressive reflexes are discussed. The pronounced circulatory centralization in diving animals as well as following exposure to cold water indicates additional sympathetic activity. In cold water baths of 15 degrees C, our own measurements indicate an increase in plasma catecholamine levels by more than 300%. This may lead to cardiac arrhythmias by the following mechanism: Cold water essentially induces sinus bradycardia. Brady- and tachyarrhythmias may supervene as secondary complications. Sinusbradycardia may be enhanced by sympathetic hypertonus. Furthermore, ectopic dysrhythmias are liable to be induced by the strictly sympathetic innervation of the ventricle. Myocardial ischemia following a rise in peripheral blood pressure constitutes another arrhythmogenic factor. Some of these reactions are enhanced by alcohol intoxication.
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PMID:[Sympatho-adrenal activity in acute cold stress. The mechanism of sudden death following water immersion]. 49 12

A symposium was held at the RAF Institute of Aviation Medicine, Farnborough, Hampshire, on Feb. 28, 1978. The purpose of the meeting was to distill up-to-date expert opinion to provide advice for those faced with the treatment of victims of exposure or cold water immersion. In particular, it was intended to recommend practical measures which could be employed in the field. However, it soon became apparent that there are large gaps in our knowledge of the physiology of hypothermia. These made the formulation of definitive advice extremely difficult.
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PMID:The treatment of acute accidental hypothermia: proceedings of a symposium held at the RAF Institute of Aviation Medicine. 49 54

Breath tests that measure the oxidative utilization of 13C labeled substrates have been shown to be clinically useful, but have failed to gain wide acceptance because of the slow and costly isotopic analysis of the breath samples. Therefore we have developed a fully automated, microprocessor controlled CO2 purification and isotopic analysis system. The breath CO2 is cryogenically purified by passage through cold traps of -94 degrees C and -196 degrees to condense water and CO2, respectively. The CO2 is intorduced into a dual inlet, peak-stepping mass spectrometer and analyzed for isotopic content by comparison with a known standard. Thirty samples can be analyzed without operator intervention. Analysis time average 14 minutes per sample, and the analysis has a precision of 0.3% which corresponds to 3 parts excess 13C per 10(6) parts CO2. The speed of analysis is comparable with scintillation counting and permits next day reporting of clinical breath test results. The precision is sufficient for clinical applications as it is less than 0.7% isotopic variation in basal breath CO2.
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PMID:A microprocessor controlled mass spectrometer for the fully automated purification and isotopic analysis of breath carbon dioxide. 49 61


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