Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0009443 (cold)
 92,137 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This is the first report describing in vivo biologic activities elicited by a non-toxic, polysaccharide-rich, water soluble fraction obtained by partial acidic hydrolysis from endotoxic lipopolysaccharide. The two activities present in this preparation were a) mouse bone marrow cell colony formation stimulation (CSF) and b) protection of mice against lethal irradiation. With polysaccharide-deficient rough mutants of salmonella minnesota, the CSF-inducing activity could be restricted to the "core" region of the LPS structure. Sixty-minute hydrolysis with 1 N HCl at 100 degrees C or 0.1 M sodium metaperiodate oxidation at cold room temperature completely abolished CSF-inducing activity of the preparation, whereas it showed considerable resistance to mild alkaline hydrolysis. These findings indicate that the active component in this preparation is carbohydrate in nature. Lipid preparations from smooth LPS or from Re rough mutants are either much less active or completely inactive in the above two assays. The fully active polysaccharide rich preparation was found to be inert in seven other characteristic endotoxicity parameters.
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PMID:Relation of structure to function in bacterial endotoxins. VIII. Biological activities in a polysaccharide-rich fraction. 23 55

The regenerating forelimb of the adult newt, Notophthalmus viridescens was investigated for 5'-nucleotidase (5' ribonucleotide phosphohydrolase, 3.1.3.5) acitivity. The newt's humeri were surgically removed, and after a twenty-one-day recovery period, the forelimbs amputated above the elbows. Regenerates were sampled at predetermined times for specific phases in the progress of regeneration, frozen, sectioned in a cryostat, and the sections fixed in 10% cold formol calcium. The Wachstein and Meisel [25] lead procedure at neutral pH was used predominately in these experiments, although tests were also conducted with Gomori's [14] calcium, Allen's [21] highly alkaline procedures. The substrates used to obtain specific enzyme reactions were adenine, cytosine, guanine, uracil and inosine 5'-monophosphate nucleotides. Sodium beta-glycerophosphate served as a non-specific phosphomonoesterase substrate, distilled water replaced substrate, and inhibitors such as zinc and cyanide ions were used as control measures to assist in increasing the precision in interpreting the results obtained. The most reactive 5'-nucleotidase (5'-Nase) loci were in the walls of the blood vascular system, mysial and neural sheaths, dermis, and periosteum: the principal cells involved were macrophages, endothelium of blood vessels, and fibrocytes of connective tissues. A moderate enzyme response was elicited from secretory cells of some of the subcutaneous glands, hypertrophied chondrocytes and osteogenic centers, chondrocytes in the articular regions and within red blood cells and leucocytes. Normal, injured and degenerating, or regenerating striated muscle and nerve fibers were judged unreactive for 5'-Nase. The epidermis and wound epithelium displayed negative responses for 5'-Nase. Cells forming the regeneration blastema were 5'-Nase reactive during the early formative phase, but with growth and development of the blastema into bulb and conic forms, these cells did not respond for this enzyme-activity. One suggestion offered is that the absence of 5'-Nase in cells of the blastema may be related to the lack of an adequate blood-vascular supply. Several functions of 5'-Nase in normal and regenerating tissues are discussed. A basic conclusion reached is that 5'-nucleotidase hydrolyses may be more involved in fundamental anabolic than in catabolic metabolism.
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PMID:Localization of 5'-ribonucleotide phosphohydrolase in regenerating (and normal) limb tissues of the adult newt Notophthalmus viridescens. 24 77

Thermal stability of protease of the fungus Torula thermophila strain UzPT-1 was examined. The dependence of this property on the content of monomer and dimer forms in the preparation was also investigated. The preparations with a high content of the dimer form showed greater thermal stability in distilled water. The preparations/with the predominant monomer from retained thermal stability in buffer solutions at pH 8 and lost it in distilled water when stored in the cold (2-4 degrees C) for several days. The preparations which lost thermal stability upon ammonium sulphate precipitation recovered partially or completely after addition of Ca2+ ions at a concentration of 0.001 M.
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PMID:[Stableness of the alkaline protease of the fungus Torula thermophila strain UzPT-1 to heating and the action of Ca2+ ions]. 24 93

Cold water (10 degrees C) at ultra-high pressure (38-5--49 kg/cm2) was compared with (a) hot water 65-6--82.2 degrees C) at low pressure (4-2--5-6 kg/cm2) and (b) hot water containing a detergent (2% (w/v) sodium silicate). Seven sites were examined in a beef abattoir and six in a bacon factor. Three surfaces in the beef abattoir had lower residual colony counts (higher reductions) after hot water/low pressure than after cold water/high pressure. However, the differences were not significant (P greater than 0-05). The range of the mean log10 count/cm2 before cleaning was 4-02-5.15, and after cleaning 1-73-2.32 (hot water) and 1-9--2-85 (cold water). On three of the remaining sites, the three methods were compared. The total differences between treatments were not significant (P greater than 0-05), although there was an effect of surface and an interaction between surface and treatment. The cold water produced lower residual counts on three sites in the bacon factory than the hot water (45--54 degrees C). However, the differences were not significant on the remaining surfaces.
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PMID:Cold water, ultra-high pressure cleaning of abattoirs. 26 94

A procedure for measuring nasal airway resistance using posterior rhinorheometry is described. Baseline nasal airway resistances +/- 1 S.D. at an airflow of 0.5 L/sec were found to be 1.077 +/- 0.683 cm H2O for inhalation and 1.359 +/- 0.792 cm H2O for exhalation. Application of either cold water (4 to 6 C) or warm water (44 to 52 C) to the oral mucosa significantly increased nasal airway resistance. Application of tepid water (26 to 28 C) did not alter nasal airway resistance significantly.
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PMID:Thermal stimulation of the oral mucosa and nasal airway resistance. 27 50

The cytotoxic T-cell response to lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus infection was suppressed either in vitro or in vivo by addition of a high level of syngeneic virus-infected cells or syngeneic cells from congenital LCM virus carriers to the environment of the responding cells. This effect was not duplicated by formaldehyde-fixed carrier cells, nor could it be accounted for by 'cold' target competition by carrier cells at the level of the cytotoxicity assay. Conversely, suppression was produced in vivo by water-lysed, ultrasonically treated carrier cell suspensions, or by a large dose of LCM virus equivalent to that contained in the carrier cells. Thus a high level of infectious virus was a common factor in all observed examples of suppression. Based upon this, the following hypothesis, a form of 'forbidden clone deletion,' was proposed to account for virus-specific cytotoxic T-cell tolerance in LCM virus congenital carriers, or in high dose suppression. A high level of virus in lymphoid tissues, while not cytopathic per se, may result in infection of all or most T cells; this then may lead to deletion either via 'suicide' of individual, infected, cytotoxic T cells with receptors specific for virus-induced antigenic patterns on their own surface membranes, or by mutual lysis of two adjacent T cells.
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PMID:Mechanisms of suppression of cytotoxic T-cell responses in murine lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. 30 Jul 79

Spontaneous and experimental vestibular activity in 84 patients after total resection of neurinomas of the acoustic nerve is analysed. In the immediate postoperative period the frequency of marked manifestations of spontaneous vestibular activity reduced sharply, but spontaneous nystagmus persisted in 97.5% of patients. In some patients spontaneous nystagmus to the side from which the tumor had been removed become more conspicuous. In the remote postoperative period spontaneous nystagmus was unilateral in 45.5% of patients, bilateral in 40.3%, and not recorded at all in 14.2% of patients. In the early postoperative period vestibular hyperreflexia was recorded in 93.7% of cases, in the remote period it was found in 76.6% of cases. Data obtained by comparing the results of caloric tests with cold and hot water in these patients are also analysed.
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PMID:[Spontaneous and experimental vestibular activity following total removal of neurinomas of the auditory nerve]. 30 20

Lysate of sheep red blood cells obtained by the treatment of these cells with distilled water and purified by ultracentrifugation in cold possessed a weak immunogenicity. Its administration to mice caused the state of hyporeactivity to sheep red blood cells (a reduction of the immune response level to 10-25% of control. The capacity of the mise spleen cells to respond by immune reaction to the red blood cells following adoptive transfer was not disturbed. At the early periods after the lysate administrations the mouse spleen cells possessed a weak supressive activity in case of their transfer to the intact animals. The blood serum of mice treated with the lysate possessed a blocking activity which disappeared after the serum absorption with sheep red blood cells. A conclusion was drawn that hyporeactivity originating in mice after the lysate administration was caused by the presence in the serum of antibodies inhibiting the immune response.
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PMID:[Tolerance-like condition developing in mice under the effect of antigen of erythrocyte lysate]. 30 14

Type III Purkinje cells (P-cells), which are excited with both directions of horizontal rotation, are found in high numbers in the frog auricular lobe and adjacent cerebellar areas. To examine the mechanisms underlying these responses, recordings were made from P-cells in curarized animals during rotational stimulation of the horizontal canals. The horizontal canal input to these cells was then modified unilaterally by VIIth nerve section, intraperilymphatic injection of local anesthetic, or by caloric stimulation. Control recordings were also obtained from peripheral canal neurons. Type III responses were abolished by unilateral lesions or reversible blockage of the VIIIth nerve with local anesthetic. The remaining responses were attributable only to the unaffected horizontal canal, ie. only type II or type I responses were observed upon interruption of the ipsi-or contralateral nerve, respectively. The level of spontaneous activity of cerebellar input fibers was low and during rotation produced 'cell silencing' response waveform asymmetries (facilitation greater than disfacilitation). When the level of peripheral resting activity was increased (warm water irrigation), thereby increasing horizontal canal response symmetry, type III responses were reduced in magnitude or abolished. Conversely, cold water irrigation, which decreases the resting rate and response symmetry of input fibers, enhanced type III response magnitudes. On the basis of these results, it is suggested that type III responses result from the fact that single P-cells receive a facilitatory input from both horizontal canals. Since these inputs are 180 degrees phase-reversed and their response waveforms asymmetrical, their resulting postsynaptic effect is a net excitation during both portions of the stimulus cycle.
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PMID:A mechanism for type III vestibular responses of frog cerebellar Purkinje cells. 30 75

Studies have been made on the composition of fatty aldehydes of plasmalogen form of ethanolamine phospholipid in the brain of 28 fish species (13 cartilaginous and 15 teleost species, exhibiting different level of organization of the nervous system, marine and freshwater, dwelling in different habitats), as well as in the brain of other vertebrates. It was found that in all primitive species of cartilaginous fish high degree of unsaturation of fatty aldehydes is observed; in higher species the degree of unsaturation is much lower. The highest degree of unsaturation of fatty aldehydes was demonstrated for abyssal species of cartilaginous and teleost fishes. In warm-water species which dwell in the upper layers, unlike all other fishes investigated, almost all fatty aldehydes are saturated. The ratio of unsaturated and saturated fatty aldehydes in fish brain depends on the entity of phylogenetic and ecological factors. Studies on other vertebrates show that in warm-blooded animals saturated fatty aldehydes predominate, whereas in cold-blooded-unsaturated ones are more abundant.
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PMID:[Fatty aldehydes of the plasmalogenic form of phosphatidylethanolamine in the vertebrate brain]. 31 10


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