Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0009443 (cold)
 92,137 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-three otherwise healthy patients mostly between the ages of 10 and 40 were seen in North India during a two-year period with urticaria which developed on taking a cold water bath, exposure to cold winds, evaporation of rain water or sweat in that order of frequency. There was no familial predisposition to cold urticaria or atopic disorders. The refrigeration test for cryo-proteins was negative. Only one patient developed a wheal on contact with ice but 38 of 43 patients showed an exaggerated erythema response to a cold-pressure test (cryo-stimulation test).
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PMID:Idiopathic acquired cold urticaria in North India. 16 79

The response of intact and bursectomized chicks to stressful stimuli has been examined. The stressors imposed were: a. fast-acting ACTH adminstration; b. immersion in cold water; c. starvation. In Bursa-intact chicks the results were as follows: 1. Plasma corticosterone was increased by all stimuli. 2. Adrenal corticosterone was decreased by ACTH treatment while it was increased by immersion in cold water and by starvation. 3. Plasma glucose was increased by ACTH administration and cold water immersion and decreased by starvation of the birds. 4. Adrenal ascorbic acid concentration was not influenced by all stimuli. 5. Adrenal weights were found to be increased by ACTH and starvation treatments only. 6. Bursa weights were increased by ACTH administration. 7. A very low concentration of corticosterone was found in the Bursa of Fabricius. Bursectomized chicks differed from the intact ones in the following: 1. Plasma and adrenal corticosterone concentrations were not increased by starvation. 2. Plasma glucose increased moderately with ACTH administration. 3. Adrenal ascorbic acid was depleted by all stimuli but was not related to the corticosterone level in the adrenals and blood plasma.
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PMID:Effects of stress on the corticosterone content of the blood plasma and adrenal gland of intact and bursectomized Gallus domesticus. 18 May 4

Water-perfused thermodes were implanted over the lumbothoracic spinal cord and unilaterally in the midbrain of urethan-anesthetized rabbits. Single-unit activities were recorded with steel microelectrodes from the thermosensitive neurons in the midbrain reticular formation (MRF), and the effects of heating and cooling of the spinal cord were studied. Of 38 cold-sensitive MRF neurons studied, 7 units decreased their firing rate upon elevation of spinal cord temperature (Tsc) and 3 units showed the opposite type of response to Tsc. The remaining 28 cold units were not affected by the changes in Tsc between 30 and 43 degrees C. Of 17 warm units, 3 units increased and one unit decreased the firing rate during spinal cord heating. These results suggest that the temperature signal arising from thermosensitive structures in the spinal cord may be transmitted to some of the locally thermosensitive neurons in the MRF.
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PMID:Midbrain neuronal responses to local and spinal cord temperatures. 18 68

Lipid-water and protein-lipid-water phases have been examined by X-ray methods before and after freezing. Frozen samples have been subsequently fractured and replicated, thus permitting an evaluation of the nature of structural perturbations in samples examined by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. Important results are summarized: (1) Freezing low water content (approx. less than 25%) phases causes perturbations in the packing of hydrocarbon chains. The results suggest that freezing liquied paraffin chains produces a condensed "glass-like" packing. (2) Additional perturbations occur in high water content samples. After freezing, much smaller lamellar repeat distances, intense ice reflections, and extensive perturbation of fracture faces are consistant with the expulsion of water from between lamellae. Presence of glycerol generally relieves these perturbations but in some cases introduces additional lattice disorder. (3) Surprisingly, cooling by a stream of cold N2 gas (-140 degrees C) produces qualitatively the same results as rapid cooling in liquid Freon-22 (-160 degrees C). (4) Complex perturbations occur in phases containing integral membrane proteins. Interesting results have been obtained with cytochrome b5-lecithin lamellar associations which display both smooth and rough fracture faces without clearly defined particles.
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PMID:Correlated x-ray diffraction and freeze-fracture studies on membrane model systems. Perturbations induced by freeze-fracture preparative procedures. 18 41

A high molecular weight fraction of gelatin precipitated from a solution of Difco gelatin with polyethylene glycol has several favourable properties in gel exclusion chromatography. To manufacture the gel exclusion agent, the gelatin was dissolved in hot water, allowed to set in the cold and rendered insoluble by reaction with formaldehyde. When finely disrupted and used as bed material in columns this gel is capable of separating protein components from mixtures of proteins of widely different molecular weights. Favourable properties include elasticity at relatively low concentration, its availability and its inexpensive nature.
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PMID:Formaldehyde treated gelatin as a gel exclusion agent. 18 30

Single unit activity was recorded with glass microelectrodes in the reticular formation of the medulla oblongata of cats lightly anesthetized with urethan, while medullary temperature was changed by surface irrigation with warm or cold artificial cerebrospinal fluid. In addition, water-perfusion thermodes were implanted over the preoptic anterior hypothalamus (POAH) region, and the effects of heating and cooling of the POAH on firing rate of medullary units were studied. One hundred and twenty-five temperature-sensitive neurons were studied in the medullary reticular formation. Out of these 125 neurons, 80 were warm-sensitive and 45 were cold-sensitive. Sixteen warm-sensitive medullary neurons were examined in responses to changes of POAH temperature. Ten units (62.5%) responded, and the remaining 6 units were not responsive to changes of the POAH temperature. Of 13 cold-sensitive neurons examined, 10 units (77.0%) responded. On the other hand, only 1 out of 7 (14.3%) temperature-insensitive neurons tested did respond to changes in the POAH temperature. These results suggest that the temperature signals sent out from thermosensitive structures in the hypothalamus might be transmitted to a major portion of temperature-sensitive neurons in the medullary reticular formation.
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PMID:Medullary unit responses to changes in local and hypothalamic temperatures in the cat. 20 Mar 13

The factors that control adrenal steroid secretion and metabolism were investigated in rats made diabetic with Streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) and used one month after treatment. Diabetic animals possessed high resting levels of plasma corticosterone accompanied by adrenal hypertrophy; the showed an increased response to the stress of i.p. cold water injection. Moreover, the pituitaries of diabetic rats seemed to be releasing ACTH continuously and not storing it. Upon adrenal inhibition with Aminoglutethimide the expected increase in adrenal cholesterol and weight was of a smaller magnitude than in controls. The activity of liver enzymes that reduce ring A of corticosterone showed decreased activity in diabetics, which suggests that more corticosterone rather than its inactive metabolites were available to--but not able to suppress--the steroid feedback sites. The half-life of corticosterone in blood was similar in diabetes and controls. These results suggest that (a) diabetic animals were in a chronic stress condition; (b) the threshold for steroid feedback was less sensitive to variations in plasma corticosterone; (c) there is an abnormal peripheral disposal of corticosterone, but that other factors, besides the liver, regulate the clearance of the hormone from the circulation in the diabetic animals.
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PMID:Abnormal regulation of adrenal function in rats with streptozotocin diabetes. 20 50

Activity of the Na pump was judged by Na extrusion in epithelial cells loaded with Na by a previous incubation in K-free solutions in the cold. Oxytocin significantly stimulated Na extrusion either at normal (3.5 mM) or low (0.25 mM) K in the medium. It was stimulated as well by cyclic AMP. Maximal concentrations of either agent caused about the same degree of stimulation. Addition of ouabain or removal of K prevented the action of both agents, but amiloride showed no effect at all. These results strongly suggest that, a) neurohypophyseal hormones not only increase Na entry across the mucosal barrier of the epithelium but they also stimulate the serosal Na pump, b) cyclic AMP not only mediates the action of neurohypophyseal hormones on Na and water permeability of the mucosal barrier, but it also mediates the action of the hormones on the Na pump of the serosal barrier.
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PMID:Sodium pump stimulation by oxytocin and cyclic AMP in the isolated epithelium of the frog skin. 20 19

In addition to the well-known activation of the pituitary-adrenal axis, acute exposure to severe stressors includes a temporary analgesia in rats. Thus, the present study investigates whether the pituitary was involved in the mediation of analgesia induced by severe cold-water swim (CWS) stress. Flinch-jump thresholds were measured 30 min following 3.5-min swims in water temperatures ranging from 2-35 degrees C. Compared with untreated normal rats, hypophysectomized rats, receiving corticosterone and thyroxin, displayed significantly less CWS-induced analgesia, while similarly-supplemented normal rats exhibited significantly more CWS-induced analgesia. In a second experiment, operant liminal escape pain thresholds were determined following acute and chronic CWS. Whereas normal rats exhibited profound analgesia following the initial swims, the hypophysectomized rats never displayed any CWS-induced operant escape shifts. Stress-induced alterations in general activity levels and/or thermoregulation were shown to be unrelated to the diminished effectiveness of CNS to produce analgesia in hypophysectomized rats. These data imply that the pituitary is involved in the mediation of CWS-induced analgesia.
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PMID:Analgesia induced by cold-water stress: attenuation following hypophysectomy. 22

Addition of the 3-series fatty acid precursor (icosapentaenoic acid, IPA), its endoperoxide [prostaglandin (PG)H(3)], or thromboxane A(3) to human platelet-rich plasma (PRP) does not result in aggregation of the platelets. In fact, preincubation of human PRP with exogenous PGH(3) actually inhibited aggregation by increasing platelet cyclic AMP concentrations. PGH(3) undergoes rapid spontaneous degradation to PGD(3) in human PRP. The PGD(3) so formed is adequate to account for the increase of platelet cAMP and inhibition of aggregation. Furthermore, addition of PGD-specific antisera to human PRP blocked the platelet inhibitory activity of exogenous PGH(3). PGD(3) has considerable potential as a circulating antithrombotic agent. Pretreatment of human PRP with the adenylate cyclase inhibitor 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine blocked the increase of platelet cyclic AMP and the inhibition of aggregation normally produced by PGI(2), PGE(1), PGD(2), PGH(3), and PGD(3). Furthermore, the dideoxyadenosine unmasked a direct but moderate reversible aggregatory effect in response to the subsequent addition of PGH(3). Similarly, the dideoxyadenosine markedly enhanced the aggregation produced by exogenous PGH(2). IPA is readily incorporated into tissue lipids but proved to be a poor substrate for kidney, blood vessel, or heart cyclooxygenase. IPA was previously shown to be a poor substrate for platelet cyclooxygenase. IPA is readily deacylated from the renal phospholipid pool in response to bradykinin, a substance that also stimulates the release of arachidonic acid. A diet that relies primarily on cold-water fish, as in the case of the Greenland Eskimos, lowers endogenous arachidonic acid and markedly increases the IPA content of tissue lipids. Thus, because IPA has the potential to act as an antagonist with arachidonic acid for platelet cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase, the simultaneous release of IPA could suppress any residual arachidonic acid conversion to its aggregatory metabolites.
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PMID:Triene prostaglandins: prostaglandin D3 and icosapentaenoic acid as potential antithrombotic substances. 23 Apr 92


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