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Query: UMLS:C0009443 (cold)
 92,137 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The transport and phosphorylation of 2-deoxy-D-[3H]galactose in rabbit renal cortical cells was studied. 1. The uptake of 2-deoxy-galactose by cortical slices is associated with an appearance of both free and phosphorylated sugar in the cells. At 1 mM external sugar the cells establish a steady-state gradient of free 2-deoxy-galactose of 3.97 +/- 0.15 (23 animals). 2. The acid-labile sugar phosphate accumulated in the tissue has been identified by a combination of paper and radio-chromatography, as well as on the basis of some of its chemical properties, as 2-deoxy-D-galactose 1-phosphate. Ice-cold trichloroacetic acid produces a decomposition of this compound. 3. Increasing external pH (6-8) brings about a decrease in the steady-state levels of both free and phosphorylated sugar in slices. On the other hand, increasing pH activates the phosphorylation of 2-deoxy-D-galactose by a crude kinase in a tissue extract. 4. Sugar phosphate accumulated in the cells is dephosphorylated by the action of a Zn2+ -activated phosphatase. 5. The efflux of 2-deoxy-D-galactose from the cells is rather slow compared with that found for D-galactose. The efflux is associated with some dephosphorylation of cellular sugar phosphate, and some loss of 2-deoxy-galactose phosphate into the wash-out medium takes place. 6. An inhibition analysis of the uptake of 2-deoxy-D-galactose by the slices indicates that the transport site is shared by D-galactose. The following points of interaction between the sugar molecule and the carrier are identified: C1-OH, C3-OH and C4-OH (both axial) and C6-OH. A (pyranose) ring structure is also essential. A close packing between the substrate and the carrier in the vicinity of C2 is indicated. 7. The data suggest that the above transport system is localized predominantly at the antiluminal (basolateral) face of the renal tubular cells. While the detailed mechanism of the actual transport step (i.e. active transport of the free sugar, or by the action of a phosphotransferase) is still unclear, the data present evidence that both galactokinase and a Zn2+ -activated phosphatase participate in the maintenance of an intracellular steady state of the transported sugar.
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PMID:Transport and phosphorylation of 2-deoxy-D-galactase in renal cortical cells. 1 Sep 99

An experiment to validate predictions concerning submersible survivability was performed in December, 1975, by members of the Canadian Forces in the CF Submersible Lockout Vehicle SDL-1 in Halifax Harbour in water of 4 degrees C temperature at a depth of 40 ft. Data was collected relevant to the life support equipment to determine if it would operate for a simulated 6-h mission followed by a 24-h immobility period, at the end of which rescue was presumed to have occurred. Physiological data was collected from the submersible occupants in order to assess the degree of thermal stress experienced in this exercise. The experiment was terminated after a duration of approximately 25 h at 1 atm internal pressure due to exhaustion of two of the three on-board power supplies, causing the CO2 scrubbers to be inoperative and the CO2 content in the breathing gas to increase to toxic levels. Only two of the three submersible occupants experienced cold stress, one in the forward sphere and one in the aft sphere. At the end of 24 h, the core temperatures of both individuals had decreased by 0.5 degrees C and, during this time, skin temperatures, particularly of the extremities, had steadily and slowly decreased. Neither individual was hypothermic, but it was considered likely that after a 3-d exposure, at least two of the crew members would have had core temperatures of 35 degrees C or lower, assuming that CO2 poisoning had not occurred earlier.
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PMID:Survival test of submersible life support systems. 1 83

Vibrio parahaemolyticus cells were injured by chilling and heating, and their recovery was tested in glucose-salt-Teepol broth (GSTB), tryptic soy broth containing 7% NaCl (TSBS), Horie - arabinose - ethyl violet broth (HAEB), and water blue - alizarin yellow broth (WBAY). Exponential phase cells were more sensitive to cold shock than were stationary phase cells. Exposure of chill-injured V. parahaemolyticus to GSTB and TSBS resulted in 70 to 80% death; about 70% lethality was noted for heat-injured cells inoculated into TSBS. Neither HAEB nor WBAY enrichment media were lethal to stressed cells, although rates of growth were retarded. The 3% NaCl in 0.1 M potassium phosphate (pH 7.0) diluent proved to be most suitable for protecting against inactivation of cold- and heat-injured cells.
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PMID:Suitability of some enrichment broths and diluents for enumerating cold- and heat-stressed Vibrio parahaemolyticus. 1 61

Virologic and serological surveys of wild vertebrates carried out in various provinces of Cuba demonstrated definitely that birds were the main hosts of eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus in this territory. Fifteen strains of this virus were isolated from 8 species of birds belonging to 5 orders. Isolation of EEE virus from the blood of the endemic genus of iguanas indicates a certain role of cold-blooded animals in the ecology of this agent. Active EEE virus foci have been found in 4 provinces of the Republic of Cuba: Pinar del Rio, Havana, Matanzas and Las Villas. Isolation of a number of EEE virus strains from sick horses during an epizootic in the latter province confirmed the importance role of this agent in the infectious pathology of domestic animals in Cuba. The experimental results suggest that in Cuba there occur at least two types of foci of this infection: forest and water-littoral (fresh-water swamps and lakes, and sea coast with mangrove forests).
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PMID:[Characteristics of the ecology of the eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in the Republic of Cuba]. 2 Jun 93

Isolated chromaffin granules release their contents when exposed to calcium, magnesium, ATP, and high levels of chloride ions. The mechanism of release is not well-understood, but changes in anion permeability may be involved. We found that another anion, thiocyanate (SCN-), also activated release in a fashion similar to chloride, while isethionate (HO-CH2-CH2SO3-) an impermeant anion, was inactive. Mg++-ATP was found to activate the uptake of 36Cl and 14C-SCN, leading us to conclude that activation of anion uptake might be involved in the release process. The 36Cl and the 14C-SCN compartments were then compared by studying displacement of the trace anions by excess cold mass. Chloride and SCN displaced large amounts of both 36Cl and 14C-SCN, while isethionate displaced little of either tracer anion. We suggest, on the basis of these data, that ATP-mediated anion uptake may be the basis for the release mechanism. Release may occur as a consequence of anion and subsequent water uptake into granules, resulting in osmotic imbalance and osmotic shock. This may also be of physiologic importance, and we propose a cellular model for secretion based on the biochemical properties of the isolated chromaffin granule.
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PMID:Regulation of release from isolated adrenergic secretory vesicles by ATP-mediated changes in transmembrane potential and anion permeability. 2 84

1 Intravenously administered phentolamine provoked immediate decreases in diastolic blood pressure but increases in heart rate and cardiac output. 2 These immediate circulatory effects had largely disappeared twenty minutes after administration and at this time phentolamine did not inhibit increases in blood pressure which were provoked during hand immersion in ice-cold water. 3 Log dose-response curves of noradrenaline induced increases in systolic and diastolic pressure 20 min after intravenous phentolamine were shifted to the right in a parallel manner compared with the curves before phentolamine administration. 4 It was concluded that the immediate and short acting effects induced by phentolamine are due to a non-specific vasodilator effect but in addition phentolamine causes a longer acting alpha-adrenoceptor blockade at vascular adrenoceptor sites. However, by producing both pre- and post-synaptic alpha-adrenoceptor blockade this may explain why this drug exerts only a weak antihypertensive effect.
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PMID:Circulatory and alpha-adrenoceptor blocking effects of phentolamine. 2 72

The time of onset of ipecac-induced emesis is not significantly influenced by the temperature of concurrently administered fluid. The average time of emesis with syrup of ipecac administered with cold (10 degrees C) versus warm (40 degrees C) water was found to be 30:59 and 30:18 min, respectively. The difference in induction time is not statistically or clinically significant.
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PMID:The effect of temperature of concurrently administered fluid on the onset of ipecac-induced emesis. 3 18

The survival rates of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi-murium in water are studied at 4, 10 and 20 degrees C and pH 6 and 8, either separately or in mixed culture at four different ratios. S. typhi-murium's survival rate is enhanced at pH 6 and low water temperature. The value of traditional microbiological indicators in assessed in cold water conditions.
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PMID:[Compared survival of "Escherichia coli" and "Salmonella typhi-murium" in cold water (author's transl)]. 4 88

Induction of the diving reflex, by immersion of the face in cold water (2 degrees C) while the breath was held, converted paroxysmal atrial tachycardia to sinus rhythm within 15-35 seconds in seven patients (aged 22-66). Four had histories of heart attacks that had previously required vasopressor therapy, and two had been digitalised; three had no history of prior paroxysmal atrial tachycardia or heart-disease. The reported procedure, which is convenient, non-invasive, and can be self administered by the patient after brief instruction, may offer a useful adjunct to carotid-sinus massage and intravenous infusion of vasopressors for the treatment of paroxysmal atrial tachycardia.
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PMID:The diving reflex used to treat paroxysmal atrial tachycardia. 4 36

A substituted acridone, 10-(2-dimethylaminopropyl)-9-acridone HCl (M-129), was taken up by isolated rat peritoneal and pleural mast cells in direct relationship to the degree of selective histamine release induced by compound 48/80. Other selective releasing agents, i.e., polymyxin B and anti-rat mast cell serum, also augmented uptake of M-129. Augmented uptake of M-129 was inhibited by measures that inhibited selective histamine release, i.e., cold, brief heating of the mast cells, N-ethylmaleimide and ninhydrin. 48/80 did not agument uptake of M-129 in rat erythrocytes or in rat serous fluid cells from which mast cells had been removed. M-129 taken up by mast cells was readily removed by two to three washes. Augmented uptake induced by 48/80 was specific for M-129 and acridone itself. Related compounds, i.e., a quaternary acridone derivative [10-(2-triethylaminoethyl)-9-acridone iodide] (M-231), acridine and acridan did not show augmented uptake. There was no relationship between heptane-water partition coefficients and uptake. It is postulated, based on estimates of cell membrane area, that M-129 is loosely bound to plasma membrane and that the augmented uptake associated with selective histamine release from rat mast cells is due to expanded plasma membrane that results from irreversible or slowly reversible exocytosis.
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PMID:The uptake of a substituted acridone by rat mast cells in relationship to histamine release: a possible indicator of exocytosis-induced expansion of the plasma membrane. 4 89


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