Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0009443 (cold)
 92,137 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A total of 133 canine small bowel segments were isolated in 51 dogs according to a previously described technique that permits an in vivo freeze-thaw experiment to be carried out after perfusion with various cryoprotective agents. All control segments (33) survived. One hundred segments were frozen with cold intra-arterial helium and ambient cold nitrogen gas after perfusion with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), inositol, or glycerol in 5% and 10% concentrations, alone, or combined, and with chlorpromazine and hydrocortisone added. Inositol had no cryoprotective effect. Approximately one half of segments frozen after protection with DMSO and with glycerol alone or combined with inositol survived the freeze-thaw injury and were intact on long-term follow-up.
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PMID:Preservation of canine small bowel by freezing. 125 62

A microprobe system has been developed that can record Raman spectra from as little as 2 microL of solution containing only micrograms of biological pigments. The apparatus consists of a liquid nitrogen (l-N2)-cooled cold stage, an epi-illumination microscope, and a substractive-dispersion, double spectrograph coupled to a l-N2-cooled CCD detector. Experiments were performed on native bovine rhodopsin, rhodopsin expressed in COS cells, and four rhodopsin mutants: Glu134 replaced by Gln (E134Q), Glu122 replaced by Gln (E122Q), and Glu113 replaced by Gln (E113Q) or Ala (E113A). Resonance Raman spectra of photostationary steady-state mixtures of 11-cis-rhodopsin, 9-cis-isorhodopsin, and all-trans-bathorhodopsin at 77 K were recorded. The Raman spectra of E134Q and the wild-type are the same, indicating that Glu134 is not located near the chromophore. Substitution at Glu122 also does not affect the C = NH stretching vibration of the chromophore. The fingerprint and Schiff base regions of the Raman spectra of the 380-nm, pH 7 forms of E113Q and E113A are characteristic of unprotonated retinal Schiff bases. The C = NH modes of the approximately 500-nm, pH 5 forms of E113Q and E113A in H2O (D2O) are found at 1648 (1629) and 1645 (1630) cm-1, respectively. These frequencies indicate that the protonated Schiff base interacts more weakly with its protein counterion in the Glu113 mutants than it does in the native pigment. Furthermore, perturbations of the unique bathorhodopsin hydrogen out-of-plane (HOOP) vibrations in E113Q and E113A indicate that the strength of the protein perturbation near C12 is weakened compared to that in native bathorhodopsin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Resonance Raman microprobe spectroscopy of rhodopsin mutants: effect of substitutions in the third transmembrane helix. 135 2

We reported previously the successful 72-hour cold rat pancreas preservation by using Perfluorochemical (PFC). The present study is to determine whether Fluorocarbon (FC) emulsion is as effective as PFC for long-term rat pancreas preservation. Lewis rat pancreases were stored in FC emulsion (4 degrees C) saturated by continuous supply of oxygen:carbon dioxide (95%:5%) (Group I) or by 100% pure nitrogen (Group II), or in PFC (4 degrees C) saturated by continuous supply of oxygen:carbon dioxide (95%:5%) (Group III) or nitrogen (Group IV) for 24 h and 48 h. Heterotopic pancreas transplantation into isogeneic diabetic rats were performed following preservation. Functional graft success rates following 24 h and 48 h cold storage were 71% (5/7) and 0% (0/5) in Group I, 71% (5/7) and 0% (0/5) in Group II, 100% (5/5) and 80% (4/5) in Group III, and 80% (4/5) and 0% (0/5) in Group IV, respectively. These results showed that, as an artificial blood substitute, the PFC with simple oxygen bubbling for 48-hour preservation of rat pancreas was much effective than FC emulsion, but not effective when saturated with nitrogen. We concluded that the PFC with saturated oxygen can obtain long-term successful preservation of rat pancreas. The direct oxygenation of the graft tissues is thought to play an important role in organ preservation.
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PMID:A comparison study of rat pancreas preservation using perfluorochemical and fluorocarbon-emulsion as preservation medium. 139 37

To assess gene induction in primary human fibroblasts, we have developed a method for cryopreservation of lung biopsies in liquid nitrogen. Fresh biopsies (n = 10) were chopped into 5 x 5 mm pieces and transferred into an ice-cold freezing medium. Biopsies were kept on ice for 15 min, followed by further cooling of the tissue to -70 degrees C. With this method, lung biopsies were preserved for more than 1 year before they were used for generating cell cultures. There was no significant difference in the biological responsiveness of fibroblasts generated from immediately cultured lung biopsies compared with those from cryopreserved tissue. The doubling rate of fibroblasts from fresh tissue was 23.6 +/- 1.1 hr; compared to 23.5 +/- 1.5 hr for fibroblasts generated from cryopreserved tissue. PDGF-BB enhanced de novo synthesis of DNA 100 times, in both the immediately cultured fibroblasts and those generated from cryopreserved biopsies. Macrophages, dendritic cells and endothelial cells could also be recovered from cryopreserved lung tissue. This method permits long-term storage of lung tissue and the possibility of establishing primary cell lines from the same tissue at later times without appreciable changes in their cellular biological characteristics.
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PMID:Cell cultures from cryopreserved human lung tissue. 144 May 71

Although a role for free radicals in myocardial damage during cardiopulmonary bypass for open heart surgery has been postulated, direct evidence of free radical production as well as consumption of tissue antioxidants such as vitamin E is still lacking. Twenty patients (age 26-66 yr, mean 48) undergoing elective open heart surgery with moderate hypothermia, and cold crystalloid cardioplegia, were studied. Cardiopulmonary bypass time was 61.4 +/- 31.2 min. The specimens of atrial tissue collection before and after cardiopulmonary bypass, were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen. Mean vitamin E atrial content, measured by reverse phase HPLC, was 355 +/- 249 pmol/mg of dry weight basally, 135 +/- 85 pmol/mg (p < 0.05) at the end of the ischemic period and 405 +/- 288 pmol/mg after the reperfusion period (p < 0.01). Microscopic examination of right atrial biopsies ruled out differences in fibrosis or cellular damage as the cause of vitamin E changes. Although a great basal variability in atrial vitamin E content was observed, which was independent of age, sex and clinical status, a reproducible and substantial decrease in atrial vitamin E content after cardiopulmonary bypass occurred (mean reduction 45 +/- 17% and 55 +/- 22%, respectively, after ischemia and after reperfusion). This was directly related to the aorta cross-clamping duration and partially to the minimum temperature achieved. In conclusion, apart from the great variability observed in basal vitamin E tissue content, vitamin E was always reduced during cardiopulmonary bypass, suggesting an oxidative stress on the myocardium during open heart surgery.
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PMID:Myocardial vitamin E is consumed during cardiopulmonary bypass: indirect evidence of free radical generation in human ischemic heart. 146 17

Previous studies have documented the effectiveness of porcine somatotropin (pST) administered by daily injection in promoting lean tissue growth in lean and obese pigs and the influence of sex and genotype. The present study examined the accretive responses in pigs of different lines and sexes to a slow release formulation of pST (pST-SR). Implants that deliver 2.0 mg of pST/d were implanted in genetically lean and obese barrows and gilts at 65 +/- .7 kg BW (mean +/- SE). Pigs received no, one, or two implants (i.e., doses of 0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg of pST/d). Pigs (four per line x sex x dose) were housed individually and continuously supplied with fresh water and a 19% CP diet containing 1.08% lysine. Pigs were slaughtered on d 0 (four per line x sex) and at the end of the trial (approximately 42 d after implantation) for estimation of initial composition and calculation of accretion rates. Blood samples were collected at d 0, 7, 14, 28, and 42 to measure endocrine and metabolite responses to pST-SR. Sustained-release pST elevated (P < .05) circulating pST throughout the trial with peak concentrations at d 7. On d 7, serum pST concentrations in the pigs given 2.0 mg of pST-SR per day were 16-fold greater than those in control pigs, and in pigs given 4.0 mg of pST-SR per day pST concentrations were 33-fold greater than in controls. Elevated serum pST resulted in increased (P < .05) serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II, insulin, and glucose and in reduced (P < .05) concentrations of urea nitrogen and IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-2. Gain was not influenced by pST-SR dose; however, feed consumption was reduced (P < .05) and efficiency of gain was increased (P < .05). Accretion of all body components except cold carcass weight, cecum, and untrimmed Boston butt and ham were changed (P < .05) with pST-SR administration. Heart and stomach were the only components of the carcass and offal whose accretion was not affected by line or sex. Increases in accretion of carcass components (< 75%) induced by sustained-release pST were considerably less than those measured in the organs (liver, 157%; lungs, 748%). The pST-SR treatment resulted in elevated serum concentrations of pST and its mediators and improved efficiency and composition of gain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Administration of porcine somatotropin by sustained-release implant: growth and endocrine responses in genetically lean and obese barrows and gilts. 147 11

Since the appearance of superficial tissue is often an unreliable indicator of deep tissue viability in cases of frostbite, radionuclide scintigraphy with 99Tcm-disodium oxidronate (HDP) was used to assess changes in tissue viability after experimental freezing and thawing of the rabbit ear. One shaved ear, left or right, of each of eight New Zealand white rabbits was frozen with a glass bottle (diameter of bottom 2 cm) filled with liquid nitrogen (-180 degrees C) for 5 min under Ketalar-Rompun anesthesia, the other ear serving as a control. Radionuclide scintigraphy was performed by giving a bolus intravenous injection of 130-170 MBq (3.5-4.5 mCi) 99Tcm-HDP. Radionuclide imaging was used to follow the development of the demarcation line. Scintigraphy was performed 2 h after frostbite and then after 24 h, 48 h, 1 week and 3 weeks. The frostbitten area seemed macroscopically to be warm and swollen immediately after the induction of frostbite. Scintigraphy showed the frostbitten area to be much warmer than the surrounding tissue for the first week and it was not until after that the first cold spots appeared in the middle of the frostbitten area. The necrotic and vital tissue could easily be distinguished after 3 weeks.
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PMID:Assessment of tissue viability in frostbite by 99Tcm-HDP scintigraphy: an experimental study in New Zealand white rabbits. 149 80

This study was designed to determine the effects of colostral fat on energy metabolism, fat oxidation and glucose homeostasis in newborn pigs maintained during the first 29h of life at thermal neutrality (34 degrees C) or in the cold (21 degrees C). Piglets were intragastric fed normal colostrum (NFC, 6% fat) or colostrum deprived of fat (LFC, less than 1% fat). A total of 21 meals of 15 to 18g colostrum/kg birthweight was given at 65- to 70-min intervals. Feeding NFC resulted in a higher amount of retained fat with the highest value being obtained in the 34 degrees C group (P less than 0.01). Fat oxidation represented 47% of the absorbed fat in NFC-fed piglets at 34 degrees C; it was 4.5 fold higher in piglets fed NFC than in those fed LFC (P less than 0.01), and 1.8 fold higher at 21 degrees C than at 34 degrees C (P less than 0.01). At both temperatures, feeding LFC resulted in a lower energy balance (P less than 0.01), whereas nitrogen balance was not affected by temperature and colostrum treatments. At 29 hours of age, rectal temperature was the lowest in piglets fed LFC at 21 degrees C (P less than 0.05). Postnatal enhancement of fat metabolism in relation to environmental and nutritional conditions was evidenced at the tissue level through an adaptation of lipoprotein lipase and cytochrome oxidase activities, especially in the red rhomboideus muscle and the liver.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Contribution of colostral fat to thermogenesis and glucose homeostasis in the newborn pig. 152 69

A simple, rapid and, sensitive HPLC method, coupled with fluorometric detection, has been worked out and employed to determine the intracellular free amino acid concentrations and the amino acid composition of total proteins in rat Sertoli cell primary culture. Sertoli cells were isolated enzymatically from testes of 20- and 28-day-old rats and cultured at 32 degrees C in Eagle's minimum essential medium. On the second day of culture, cell monolayers were quickly rinsed with ice-cold saline, immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen, accurately harvested, and homogenized in 10% trichloroacetic acid. Tissue free amino acids were determined in the acidic soluble fraction following neutralization, while the precipitate was hydrolyzed for the evaluation of the fractional content of amino acids into total proteins. Amino acid samples were derivatized with o-phthaldialdehyde/3-mercaptopropionic acid and resolved by a linear one-step acetonitrile gradient in 12.5 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.2, employing a 5-microns particle size reversed-phase column. Fluorescence was monitored with excitation at 330 nm and emission at 450 nm. Under these conditions all major physiological amino acids could be satisfactory separated, identified, and subsequently quantified with the aid of standards. The run time was about 50 min; the linearity was excellent over a large range of concentrations (1-800 pmol) and the lower limit of sensitivity appeared to be 0.5 pmol. This method permits us to demonstrate age-dependent modifications in the intracellular amino acid pool and to adequately evaluate the process of protein synthesis in cultured Sertoli cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:HPLC analysis of free amino acids and amino acids of total proteins in cultured cells: an application to the study of rat Sertoli cell protein metabolism. 162 76

The psychrotrophic, dimorphic yeast Candida humicola, isolated from Antarctic soil, secretes an acidic protease into the medium. The secretion of this protease by C. humicola was found to be dependent on the composition of the medium. In YPD or yeast nitrogen base medium containing either amino acids or ammonium sulfate as the nitrogen source, the activity of the protease in the medium was low (basal level). However, when yeast nitrogen base medium was depleted of amino acids or ammonium sulfate and supplemented with proteins, the activity of the enzyme increased. The secretion of the enzyme was greater during exponential growth at low temperatures than during growth at higher temperatures. The purified protease had a molecular mass of 36,000 Da and was inhibited by pepstatin, iodoacetamide, and sodium dodecyl sulfate. Despite the prevalent cold temperatures in Antarctica, this extracellular protease of the psychrotrophic yeast C. humicola was active at temperatures ranging from 0 to 45 degrees C, with an optimum activity at 37 degrees C.
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PMID:Extracellular protease from the antarctic yeast Candida humicola. 162 66


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