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Query: UMLS:C0009443 (cold)
 92,137 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The body compositions of obob and lean (ob+ and ++) mice at 10, 12, 17 and 28 d of age were investigated using a 'cold stress' test to identify the two groups. 2. At each of these ages the obob mice were found to contain significantly more fat than the lean. At 10 d 20% more fat was present and by 17 d the increase was 72%. The obob mice at 28 d contained nearly three times as much fat as the lean. 3. Carcass energy was significantly higher in obob mice at all ages investigated. 4. Other changes in body composition found in the 28 d obob mice, i.e. a reduction in total carcass nitrogen and water content, were already established in the 17-d-old mice but differences at 10 and 12 d were not apparent. 5. The livers of obob mice were significantly heavier than those from lean control mice at 28 d but no differences were detected at the earlier ages. 6. The results are discussed with reference to the early origin of obesity in obob mice.
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PMID:The development of obesity in preweaning obob mice. 62 27

A chamber for introducing, fracturing and coating frozen biological samples has been developed as an attachment to the sepcimen chamber of a scanning electron microscope. Together with a eucentric-tilt cold-stage, this chamber constitutes a complete system for viewing fractured biological surfaces of the type normally only seen by replica techniques. An air-lock on the chamber accepts a transfer module to allow insertion of the frozen sample without frost build-up. Fracturing is carried out with a precisely adjustable cooled knife under a 10--100X binocular microscope. The sample can tilt and rotate while being coated with carbon or metals evaporated from rechargeable sources introduced through the air-lock. Cooling in the chamber is provided by a cylindrical copper tank filled with liquid nitrogen. The chamber has its own LN2 trapped high vacuum system. After preparation the sample can be placed directly into the SEM through an isolation valve. The cold-stage utilizes a Joule-Thomson refrigerator. The sample can be kept below 103 K at all times though there are provisions for heating it in the fracturing and cold-stage positions. A system of controls, sensors and interlocks simplifies the operation of the system.
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PMID:A chamber attached to the SEM for fracturing and coating frozen biological samples. 65 Jun 76

A revertible turbidity happens in the depectinized red raspberry juice under refrigeration. Its analysis is carried out: --Chemically: Total sugar determination by anthrone methol, galacturonic acid determination by carbazol, total nitrogen determination according to Berthelot's coloured reaction (automated analysis) -- Physically: Calcium, potassium and magnesium determinations by atomic absorption. -- Chromatographically: Sugar separation and determination by HPLC. M. W. determination of the different entites by GPC (gel Sephadex G 100). Pectic substances separation on DEAE-cellulose column. The turbidity ensues from an enhanced by cold and acidic pH flocculation process which occurs between the large nitrogeneous molecules (inactive and enzymic proteins mainly). M. W. (superior to 150.000) of the depectinizing preparation and rich in glucose and mannose polysaccharidiques (M. W. between the range from 1.000 to 10.000) accompanied by aldobiuronic units. The origin of the manno-glucan entity remains to be determined. It could be issued either a limit-substrate produced by the degradation of the raspberry pectic substances or an by Aspergillus niger excreted compound.
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PMID:[Proteo-polysaccharidic turbidity in depectinized raspberry juice]. 75 86

Soya, in spite of its high nutritional value and moderate cost, possesses certain undesirable qualities which limit its use in animal and human nutrition. The amendment of these qualities has resulted in much work. In this study the effects of technological treatments on the properties of certain protein fractions capable of being produced industrially were observed. Three fractions were prepared from defatted soybean flour of the "Harosoy 63" variety: an acid-precipitated fraction, a cold-insoluble fraction at 0-3 degrees C, and a water-soluble fraction. The properties of the fractions were studied both before denaturation and after denaturation by either heat or alcohol. The degree of proteolysis of each fraction by two digestive enzymes, pepsin and trypsin, was measured by the increase of non-protein nitrogen as a function of time. Several methods were used for electrophoretic analysis. The results showed that the thermal treatment at 100 degrees C and the treatment with varying concentrations of ethanol (from 10 to 100 p. 100) modified electrophoretic diagrams and the solubility of the proteins in trichloracetic acid. Moderate, moist heating of the protein fractions (100 degrees C, 20 mn) before proteolysis by pepsin and trypsin, in general, favored proteolysis. The most marked effect observed was in the acid-precipitated fraction (in which Kunitz inhibitor was concentrated treated by trypsin. Heating the fractions beyond thirty minutes had a negative effect on proteolysis: the level of proteolysis was the same, or in some cases, lower than before denaturation, especially on subsequent treatment with pepsin. The effects of the ethanol treatment were different from that of heat: the proteolysis was accelerated only with the acid-precipitated fraction.
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PMID:[Denaturation and enzymatic proteolysis in vitro of protein fractions of soya flour]. 76 45

An alkali-soluble glucan was obtained from the cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCYC1109 and baker's yeast by extraction with cold, dilute sodium hydroxide under nitrogen. The glucan, which represented approximately 20% of purified glucan was homogeneous and was shown to be free from contamination by other cell-wall polysaccharides by ultracentrifuging, gel filtration and electrophoresis. In addition to glucose, the glucan contained traces of mannose and nitrogen, but no hexosamine. Structural analyses revealed the presence of 80-85% (1 leads to 3)-beta-D linkages, 8-12% (1 leads to 6)-beta-D linkages and 3-4% branched residues linked through C-1, C-3 and C-6. The molecular weight of the glucan was estimated to be about 250000. Electron-microscopic examination of the cell walls after alkali extraction showed that an amorphous surface layer had been removed revealing numerous bud scar structures.
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PMID:Isolation and composition of an alkali-soluble glucan from the cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 77 30

Loss of viability in aerosols of Escherichia coli B, E. coli commune, E. coli Jepp (in nitrogen atmospheres), and Semliki forest virus (in air) was determined as a function of relative humidity at 26.5 C. The decay patterns could be accounted for accurately by means of an equation derived from a postulated mechanism involving population distributions and first-order denaturation kinetics. Analyses of published curves describing loss of viability (all of which were semiexponential, ie., J-shaped) for various microorganisms stressed by different techniques showed that the proposed mechanism also provided an explanation for effects of the following factors (in the absence of open air, oxygen, or radiation): (i) influence of relative humidity upon aerosol susvival; (ii) dissemination of aerosols from the wet and dry states; (iii) protecting additives; (iv) relative humidity change before reconstitution; (v) reconstituting fluids; (vi) water content of freeze-dried product; (vii) storage gas; and (viii) storage temperature. The date indicate that low temperatures and high pressures were likely to be conducive to the preservation of viable bacteria and viruses, provided that cold shock and decompression shock were absent.
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PMID:Inactivation kinetics of some microorganisms subjected to a variety of stresses. 77 45

Metabolism of carbohydrates was studied in Penicillium chrysogenum 194 and in its inactive mutant growing on a defined medium, and also in the washed mycelium of these cultures. The percentage of nitrogen decreased in the mycelium of both strains with aging as a result of the accumulation of carbohydrate-containing substances dissolved in cold and hot hydrochloric acid. The rate of synthesis of these substances in the inactive mutant is higher than in the strain 194. The difference is especially pronounced in experiments with the washed mycelium. Carbohydrates dissolved in the hot acid are assimilated in largest amounts among carbohydrate-containing substances in the mycelium of the strain 194 growing in the conditions of starvation.
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PMID:[Study of the mycelial carbohydrates of Penicillium chrysogenum and of its inactive mutant]. 81 89

A number of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoling-8-nitriles and -8-thioamides and related compounds have been found to be potent inhibitors of basal gastric secretion in the pylorus-ligated rat and to afford protection against gastric erosions induced in rats by cold-restraint stress. Molecular manipulation has proved useful in determining factors necessary for such activity and structure-activity relationships are discussed. It has been shown that the most necessary requirements for activity are a pyridine nitrogen with its available lone pair and a primary or secondary thioamide. Also desirable is a six-membered carbocyclic ring with relative freedom from steric hinderance around the 8 position.
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PMID:5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroguinolines. 4. Antiulcer and antisecretory activity of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolinenitriles and -thioamides. 85 22

Glomeruli of canine kidneys were studied by light and electron microscopy to determine whether significant structural alterations occur during 24 hr of hypothermic perfusion. The kidneys of eight dogs were preserved by continuous pulsatile perfusion with cold cryoprecipitated plasma; they were subsequently reimplanted as autographs and contralateral nephrectomy was performed at that time. Biopsies of the experimental kidneys were taken before nephrectomy, after 24 hr of perfusion, and at 1 hr postanastomosis. Tissue samples from two animals were studied at autopsy. Structural changes observed in the glomeruli after preservation were: margination of nuclear chromatin, nuclear pyknosis, and dilation of smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum membranes. These changes were observed in all cell types, but were more severe in the endothelial cells. The basement membrane in four cases was edematous and thickened. At 1 hr postanastomosis the glomerular ultrastructural appearance was greatly improved. Blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and the ability of the kidney to sustain the life of the recipient were used as criteria for determining the viability of the preserved kidneys. Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine returned to a normal range in five dogs. The physiologic tests and the length of survival attest to the functional capability of the preserved kidneys. Study of tissue samples at autopsy indicated that, although a number of the structural alterations observed after preservation were reversible, some changes persisted.
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PMID:Canine renal glomerular ultrastructural changes after preservation and autotransplantation. 87 Apr 41

A technique of cryosurgical removal of extra- and intracerebral tumours of the hemispheres of the brain was developed. The employed cryosurgical device was provided with a cryoprobe featuring an instrument fixed in a handle and having a vacuum-insulated line of supply and removal of the cold-carrying agent (liquid nitrogen). The separation of the tumour from the surrounding brain tissue and the control of haemorrhage from the cerebral vessels was performed with the aid of a cryocoagulator connected with the cryosurgical device. An analysis of 64 cryosurgical interventions demonstrated that the employment of the cryosurgical method helps to prevent cerebrovascular disorders, and to decrease the degree of brain oedema-swelling.
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PMID:[Cryosurgical treatment of tumors of the cerebral hemispheres]. 87 Oct 73


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