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Query: UMLS:C0009443 (cold)
 92,137 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The light microscopic findings of tonsillar tissues from nineteen patients (aged 13-51) with the clinical diagnosis of chronic tonsillitis are described at sequential intervals following cryosurgical treatment. The Cooper instrument was used, containing liquid nitrogen and capacity limited cryoprobes as well as probes of a flow system. Two consecutive freeze-thaw cycles were used during a single session in each patient, with freezing time varied from 30 seconds to three minutes. In addition to primary cryosurgical tissue changes such as hyperemia, edema, inflammation, necrosis, fibroplasia with capillary increase, collagenous fibrosis and reepithelialisation, the following could be found: 1. A different cryosensibility of the cells and fibers within the cryolesion: The tonsillar septae are much more resistant to cold than the lymphoid tissue. Of this latter tissue, the reticulin cells and the lymphoblasts are more sensitive to the cold changes than are the matured lymphocytes. In the epithelium the stratum basale is as sensitive to cold as the lymphoreticulum. The outer epithelial cells are more resistant to cold than the basal cells. 2. A quick proliferation in the periphery of the cryolesion is seen in the form of an acanthosis and papillomatosis which begins before slough of necrotic debris occurs. 3. Sharp demarcation and protracted sloughing of necrotic epithelium from the free tonsillar surface or crypts and lymphoid tissue can be seen. 4. Reepithelialization can first be seen following slough of the cryonecrosis twenty days following cryosurgery, after which total reepithelialization occurs.
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PMID:[Light microscopic findings of cryosurgically treated tonsils following chronic tonsillitis (author's transl)]. 6 Nov 93

Uterine tissue from neonatal mice was incubated in vitro at 0 degrees C for 1 h in a medium containing 1 X 10(-8) M 3H-estradiol with or without 1 X 10(-4) M dibutyryl cyclic AMP. In some incubations the temperature was raised to 37 degrees C for 15 min after incubation in the cold, in others the temperature was kept at 0 degrees C during this 15 min period. The tissue was frozen in liquid propane cooled in liquid nitrogen, sectioned at 2 or 4 microns, and autoradiograms prepared according to the dry-mount procedure. cAMP increases the cellular uptake of 3H-estradiol in uterine tissue. After rising the temperature to 37 degrees C, grains appeared over the nuclei. cAMP at low temperature increased the cellular uptake of 3H-estradiol, but the grains were not associated with the nuclei. In the autoradiograms the grain number above the epithelium was markedly less than above the stroma.
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PMID:The effect of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate on the uptake of estradiol by the neonatal mouse uterus: an autoradiographic study. 17 15

The effects of modified Collins-2 solution, adjusted lactated Ringer's solution, and a solution containing dextran 70 on kidney preservation and red blood cell (RBC) washout in dogs were evaluated. Excised kidneys were stored on ice for 24 hours and then reimplanted, at which time the contralateral kidney was removed. RBC washout from the preserved kidneys was measured at the time of initial cold flush. For 20 days after transplantation, serial measurements were made of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine clearance, serum and urine osmolality, blood pH, and dog weight. No one solution cleared RBCs from the kidneys better than the other solutions. Renal function was significantly better in transplanted kidneys flushed and preserved with the Collins-2 solution than that in kidneys flushed and preserved with the other two solutions. There was generally no significant difference in function between kidneys preserved with dextran and those preserved with lactated Ringer's solution. Our findings suggest that the electrolyte composition of the flush solution may be more important than maintaining a high osmolality in the flush solution in the preservation of renal function during 24 hours' cold storage.
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PMID:Canine kidney preservation: comparison of "intracellular", "extracellular," and high molecular weight dextran flushing solutions. 33 59

Canine kidneys, flushed with either Collins solution or autologous cryoprecipitated plasma, were then stored for 24 hr by either simple cold storage (submersion) in the flushing solution, or by continuous hypothermic pulsatile perfusion with cryoprecipitated plasma. After autotransplantation without contralateral nephrectomy, detailed split renal function studies were carried out immediately as well as 2 and 7 days later. Measurements were made of inulin clearance, maximal transport of p-aminohippurate, reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and glucose, and the reabsorption of free water. Contralateral nephrectomy was performed 7 days after transplantation, following measurement of renal functions on that day, and plasma urea nitrogen and creatinine were measured periodically over the ensuing 3 weeks. Renal function after transplantation was affected very little by the choice of flushing solution, and the course of azotemia that developed following contralateral nephrectomy was the same in all groups. However, the detailed functional measurements showed that during the 7-day period after transplantation, renal function was depressed to a much greater extent in kidneys treated by simple cold storage than in those that had been perfused.
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PMID:Function of autotransplanted kidneys after 24-hour preservation by hypothermic pulsatile perfusion or simple cord storage. 36 May 23

Most of the previous literature concerning otologic problems in compressed gas environments has emphasized middle ear barotrauma. With recent increases in commercial, military, and sport diving to deeper depths, inner ear disturbances during these exposures have been noted more frequently. Studies of inner ear physiology and pathology during diving indicate that the causes and treatment of these problems differ depending upon the phase and type of diving. Humans exposed to simulated depths of up to 305 meters without barotrauma or decompression sickness develop transient, conductive hearing losses with no audiometric evidence of cochlear dysfunction. Transient vertigo and nystagmus during diving have been noted with caloric stimulation, resulting from the unequal entry of cold water into the external auditory canals, and with asymmetric middle ear pressure equilibration during ascent and descent (alternobaric vertigo). Equilibrium disturbances noted with nitrogen narcosis, oxygen toxicity, hypercarbia, or hypoxia appear primarily related to the effects of these conditions upon the central nervous system and not to specific vestibular end-organ dysfunction. Compression of humans in helium-oxygen at depths greater than 152.4 meters results in transient symptoms of tremor, dizziness, and nausea plus decrements in postural equilibrium and psychomotor performance, the high pressure nervous syndrome. Vestibular function studies during these conditions indicate that these problems are due to central dysfunction and not to vestibular end-organ dysfunction. Persistent inner ear injuries have been noted during several phases of diving: 1) Such injuries during compression (inner ear barotrauma) have been related to round window ruptures occurring with straining, or a Valsalva's maneuver during inadequate middle ear pressure equilibration. Divers who develop cochlear and/or vestibular symptoms during shallow diving in which decompression sickness is unlikely or during compression in deeper diving, should be placed on bed rest with head elevation and avoidance of maneuvers which result in increased cerebrospinal fluid and intralabyrinthine pressure. With no improvement in symptoms after 48 hours, exploratory tympanotomy and repair of a possible labyrinthine window fistula should be considered. Recompression therapy is contraindicated in these cases...
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PMID:Diving injuries to the inner ear. 40 82

Alkaline phosphatase activity has been investigated by histochemical methods in normal and diseased human large intestine. The tissues were constantly maintained at 4 degrees C or below. Specimens were either frozen in liquid nitrogen, freeze-dried and embedded in glycol methacrylate for sectioning at 2 mu, or, fixed in ice-cold formol-calcium for frozen sectioning at 10 mu. The simultaneous coupling azo dye method using the substrates sodium alpha-naphthyl phosphate and Naphthol AS-BI phosphate, resulted in the demonstration of alkaline phosphatase activity in the surface epithelial cells, and the middle and upper crypts, of normal and transitional mucosa.
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PMID:Histochemical demonstration of alkaline phosphatase in human large intestine, normal and diseased. 42 14

The effects of adaptation to cold, hypoxia, or exercise on hyperbaric decompression tolerance were investigated in two factorial experiments. For either 14 or 28 days, groups of mice were handled (control); exposed discontinuously for 4 h to cold (4 degrees C) or hypoxia (P approximately 379 or 320 Torr); or exercised by swimming (15 min at 31 degrees C) or treadmill excursion (8.1 m/min for 1 or 1.5 h). The animals were divided into subgroups, exposed to one of three hydrostatic pressures (7.6--11.1 ATA) for 30 min, decompressed, and observed to determine survival rate or bends incidence (type II decompression sickness). Decompression sickness was significantly reduced (P less than 0.05) in the treadmill-trained animals, was unchanged in cold-exposed and swim-exercised mice, and tended to increase in animals adapted to hypoxia. Enhanced tolerance by treadmill training is presumably due to lean body conformation, which could reduce nitrogen saturation of tissues, and greater muscle capillarization and cardiovascular fitness, which may improve nitrogen elimination. Reduced tolerance with adaptation to hypoxia may be attributed to rheological changes associated with polycythemia, which facilitate bubble production.
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PMID:Cross-adaptive effects of cold, hypoxia, or physical training on decompression sickness in mice. 46 99

1. The reproducibility of an enzymic method for assaying chick liver glycogen was found to be +/- 1.6%. 2. Storage of liver at either -21 or -70 degrees C for up to 4 weeks, after freezing in liquid nitrogen, had no significant effect on glycogen concentration. However, the concentration of free glucose increased by about 50% during this time. 3. Storage of liver in ice-cold saline for up to 3 h proved unsatisfactory because of a significant loss of glycogen. 4. There was no significant difference in immediate glycogen concentration in liver tissue that was freeze-clamped, frozen in liquid nitrogen or collected into ice-cold saline. The free glucose concentration was higher, when estimated immediately after, with the latter two methods of collection of liver tissue.
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PMID:Effects of storage conditions in vitro on the assay of chick liver glycogen. 49 71

Uptake of amino acids by Bacteroides ruminicola was observed in cells grown in a complete defined medium, containing ammonia as the nitrogen source. A high rate of uptake occurred only in fresh medium, as an inhibitory substance, possibly acetate, apparently accumulated during growth. All amino acids except proline were taken up and incorporated into cold trichloroacetic acid precipitable material. Different patterns of incorporation and different responses to 2,4-dinitrophenol and potassium ferricyanide indicated multiple uptake systems were involved. Kinetic inhibition patterns suggested six distinct systems were present for amino acid uptake, with specificities related to the chemical structures of the amino acids. Thus, the failure of free amino acids to act as sole nitrogen sources for growth of B. ruminicola is not due to the absence of transport systems for these compounds.
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PMID:Amino acid uptake systems in Bacteroides ruminicola. 57 10

1. Heat production was measured for about 24 h at six temperatures from 2 to 35 degrees C on individually starved broilers that had been subjected to four treatments; these were acclimated or unacclimated to these temperatures, or to these temperatures for 12 h and to 22 degrees C for 12 h (alternated) during each 24-h period. 2. Response curves relating heart production and environmental temperature for the four different treatments differed significantly. Only the unacclimated birds subjected to the alternated temperatures increased heat production at 35 degrees/22 degrees C. Major effects of acclimation were observed mainly in the cold. 3. The relationship between daily endogenous nitrogen (N) excretion and heart production (mg N/kJ) was constant at the different temperatures, but acclimation and alternating temperature increased N excretion. 4. Evaporative heat loss was reduced by alternating temperature at the high temperatures, and by maintaining temperature constant in the cold.
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PMID:Effects of temperature treatments on the heat production of starving chickens. 59 38


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