Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0009443 (cold)
 92,137 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

D-Erythrulose reductase of beef liver was crystallized from ammonium sulfate solution at pH 8.17. The crystals are needle-shaped. The enzyme protein contains 851 amino acid residues per mole of the enzyme: Lys28, His11, Arg52, Asp79, Thr58, Ser56, Glu68, Pro20, Gly80, Ala107, Val112, Met24, Ile31, Leu88, Tyr7, Phe22, Trp4, and Cys4. The enzyme is inactivated by exposure to temperatures below 12degrees. The inactivation is accelerated by increasing the salt concentration and decreasing the enzyme concentration. The pH of the medium also has a pronounced effect, the maximum stability of the enzyme is obtained at pH 8.5. NADP+ protected the enzyme from cold inactivation at all stages of the process and also afforded protection against inactivation by heat and pH. The cold inactivation of the enzyme is accompanied by dissociation of the enzyme protein to subunits.
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PMID:Studies on D-tetrose metabolism. VI. Crystallization and some properties of D-erythrulose reducatase from beef liver. 0 10

Hemoglobin (Hb) Tarrant was detected by its electrophoretic mobility on cellulose acetate (pH 8.4) and citrate agar (pH 6.2). On cellulose acetate it moved as a band between hemoglobins F and S, and on citrate agar as a band at hemoglobin S. The test for solubility in 2 M phosphate buffer with Na2S2O4 was negative. The new variant has a substitution of asparagine for aspartic acid in position 126 of the alpha-chain, one of the sites involved in the alpha1beta1 contact. Furthermore, in deoxyhemoglobin aspartic acid 126 of each alpha chain also forms a non-covalent electrostatic salt bridge with arginine 141 of the corresponding alpha chain (Perutz, M. F. and Ten Eyck, L. F. (1972) Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 36, 295-310 and Perutz, M. F. (1970) Nature 228, 726-739). As a consequence of this substitution in hemoglobin Tarrant, the deoxy conformation or T state is destabilized because these two bridges cannot be formed. This condition is reflected in high oxygen affinity and low cooperativity.
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PMID:Hemoglobin Tarrant: alpha126(H9) Asp leads to Asn. A new hemoglobin variant in the alpha1beta1 contact region showing high oxygen affinity and reduced cooperativity. 1 56

Vibrio parahaemolyticus cells were injured by chilling and heating, and their recovery was tested in glucose-salt-Teepol broth (GSTB), tryptic soy broth containing 7% NaCl (TSBS), Horie - arabinose - ethyl violet broth (HAEB), and water blue - alizarin yellow broth (WBAY). Exponential phase cells were more sensitive to cold shock than were stationary phase cells. Exposure of chill-injured V. parahaemolyticus to GSTB and TSBS resulted in 70 to 80% death; about 70% lethality was noted for heat-injured cells inoculated into TSBS. Neither HAEB nor WBAY enrichment media were lethal to stressed cells, although rates of growth were retarded. The 3% NaCl in 0.1 M potassium phosphate (pH 7.0) diluent proved to be most suitable for protecting against inactivation of cold- and heat-injured cells.
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PMID:Suitability of some enrichment broths and diluents for enumerating cold- and heat-stressed Vibrio parahaemolyticus. 1 61

Inosiplex (Isoprinosine), the paracetamidobenzoic acid salt of inosine dimethylaminoisopropanol, has shown antiviral activity in cell culture and in animals. Controlled challenge studies using the drug in a prophylactic fashion, however, have been disappointing. In vitro studies, as well as uncontrolled clinical trials, have suggested that the drug might be more effective when used therapeutically. We therefore undertook to test inosiplex in a controlled, double-blind, therapeutic study of volunteers challenged with rhinovirus. Thirty-nine volunteers were randomly divided into groups receiving either inosiplex or placebo tablets. Drug or placebo was started either at the time of, or 48 hours after challenge with rhinovirus Type 21. Illness was assessed in terms of the classical common cold symptoms, and infection was also determined by viral isolation from daily nasal wash specimens and by serum antibody rises. Five of 19 volunteers in the inosiplex group became ill, whereas 14 of 20 in the placebo group were sick (p less than 0.01). There was no difference between the control and inosiplex groups in the number of volunteers from whom rhinovirus was isolated. There was, however, a reduction in the duration of virus shedding in the inosiplex group. Seroconversion was also slightly less common in the inosiplex group. Immunologic studies suggest that inosiplex stimulates the lymphocyte mitogenic response. The results suggest that inosiplex exerts significant therapeutic benefits in rhinovirus infection.
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PMID:Therapeutic efficacy of inosiplex (Isoprinosine) in rhinovirus infection. 8 36

1. Soluble ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase) activity is released when rat liver submitochondrial particles are shaken with chloroform, provided that ATP or glycerol is present in the suspending medium. The extraction is very rapid and appears to be complete. 2. The ATPase of the chloroform extract is about 50% pure and can be readily purified to a specific activity of 60-70mumol/min per mg of protein by (NH(4))(2)SO(4) fractionation and column chromatography on Sephadex G-200. 3. The particulate and soluble ATPases have many similar properties, including their K(m) values for ATP, activation by various metal ions, hydrolytic activity with other nucleotides and stimulation by bicarbonate ions. 4. Unlike the particulate enzyme, the soluble enzyme is cold-labile and insensitive to oligomycin. 5. The molecular weight indicated by the mobility of the soluble ATPase on Sepharose 6B is 360000. 6. The soluble ATPase combines very readily with liver submitochondrial particles depleted of ATPase by salt extraction, and oligomycin-sensitivity is restored. Very little recombination of the enzyme occurs with chloroform-extracted particles. 7. The soluble enzyme contains orcinol-reactive material, suggesting that it may be a glycoprotein. The carbohydrate content was estimated to be 1-2% by weight. 8. It is concluded that the liver ATPase obtained by the chloroform extraction method of Beechey, Hubbard, Linnett, Mitchell & Munn [(1975) Biochem. J.148, 533-537] is similar to other preparations described previously and that this method is superior in simplicity and speed.
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PMID:Purification and properties of the adenosine triphosphatase released from the liver mitochondrial membrane by chloroform. 15 21

A new class of Escherichia coli mutants, referred to as grn, has been isolated by localized mutagenesis. These mutations affect the sigma subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.6) by abolishing the expression of the lambda N gene, and they are closely lniked to dnaG in the order dnaG-grn-uxaA. Detailed study of one such mutant, grn1, yielded the following results: (i) grn1 is a single mutation and the mutant cell shows cold-sensitivity in growth; (ii) the Grn phenotype of the mutant can easily be suppressed by secondary mutations in the beta subunit gene of RNA polymerase; (iii) purified holoenzyme of RNA polymerase isolated from the mutant showed an altered salt-dependency in vitro, and the mixed reconstitution of the mutant with the wild-type subunits showed that the sigma subunit of the grn1 mutant is altered; (iv) lambda phage mutants (lambda grg), which overcome the grn mutation, can be classified into two groups, the "nin-deletion" and the "N-mutant" groups (both of these are also able to grow on the previously described groN mutant of Georgopoulos and nusAB of Friedman); (iv) the mutant polymerase transcribed 12S as well as 7S RNA from lambda DNA in the presence of the rho factor in vitro. These results indicate that the grn mutation alters the sigma subunit of RNA polymerase and that the sigma subunit participates in activating the N-mediated antitermination mode of lambda phage transcription.
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PMID:Sigma subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase affects the function of lambda N gene. 15 60

An enzyme capable of digesting native collagen in solution at neutral pH was extracted from the 6 000 times g sediment of the involuting uterus of the mouse and of the back skins of mice and rats. The collagenase could be dissociated at cold-room temperature from the sediment in about equal amounts when neutral Tris buffer containing 1.0M NaCl or 5M urea was used for the extraction step. The enzyme has been concentrated by ammonium sulfate precipitation and the activity was measured by using [14C]collagen in solution at pH 7.5. Collagen breakdown products were identified by disc electrophoresis. The amount of enzyme extracted was a function of temperature and salt concentration. As 5M urea extracted collagenase from the sediment in a relatively short time, this method of extraction seems to be a useful tool for serial experiments in the study of collagenase activity in collagen-rich tissues.
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PMID:Extraction of collagenase from the 6000 times g sediment of uterine and skin tissues of mice. A comparative study. 17 Jan 81

1. Samples of cerebrospinal fluid (c.s.f.) have been taken from the cisterna magna of unanaesthetized cats, whilst rectal temperature was recorded, during exposure of the animals to various ambient temperatures and during fever induced by pyrogen. The concentration of adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in samples of c.s.f. has been assayed. 2. Cats exposed to low ambient temperatures (-2 to +2 degrees C) for 3 h maintained body temperature by both behavioural and autonomic heat gain activity. Exposure of cats to high ambient temperatures (44 - 45 degrees C) for 3.5 h caused a rise in body temperatures of about 2.5 degrees C, despite behavioural and autonomic heat loss activity. Neither cold nor heat stress had a significant effect on c.s.f. cyclic AMP. 3. Fever induced by intravenous Shigella dysenteriae (2 and 20 mug/kg) was associated with a dose-related increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP in c.s.f. Paracetamol (75 mg/kg) injected I.P. before the onset of fever, suppressed the increase in both temperature and c.s.f. cyclic AMP in response to pyrogen. Paracetamol (50 and 100 mg/kg), injected after the onset of fever, caused a fall in temperature, which was not associated with a decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP in c.s.f. 4. Fever induced in cats by intravenous Shigella dysenteriae (20 mug/kg) was associated with an increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP in plasma as well as in c.s.f. 5. The sodium salt of cyclic AMP (0.1-10 mg/kg) injected I.V. into unanaesthetized cats caused a dose-related hypothermia, which was associated with autonomic heat loss activity and a dose-related increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP in cisternal c.s.f., which was not mimicked by adenosine. 6. It is concluded that the raised concentrations of cyclic AMP in c.s.f., in response to pyrogen I.V., do not mediate fever in the cat and that the concentration of cyclic AMP in cisternal c.s.f. may be affected by changes in the plasma concentration of the nucleotide.
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PMID:Cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate in cerebrospinal fluid during thermoregulation and fever. 19 Mar 83

SV40 chromatin can be isolated in two forms: At moderate ionic strength (mu = 0.1-0.3) it contains histone H1 in addition to the four nucleosomal histones and has a highly condensed appearance in the electron microscope, being composed of a few closely connected large spheres [190 A (160, 220) diameter]. At high ionic strength (mu = 0.6-0.8) or after prolonged exposure to very low ionic strengths (mu less than 0.02), the compact form unfolds and the chromatin shows a typical nucleosomal morphology. Native SV40 DNA-protein complexes contain a median number of 24 nucleosomes. The number of superhelical turns does not differ in DNA obtained from the compact and the unfolded forms of chromatin. DNA-relaxing enzyme is found associated with SV40 chromatin and is capable of acting both on extraneously added circular DNA and on its own DNA in the nucleoprotein complex. Purified DNA-relaxing enzyme forms transiently nicked DNA intermediates where the enzyme can be found covalently attached to the site of the nick in the DNA. Transcriptionally active SV40 complexes undergo the same ionic-strength-dependent structural transition as that of bulk SV40 chromatin and may therefore also have a compact configuration at physiological salt concentrations.
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 1978
PMID:Biochemical and ultrastructural analysis of SV40 chromatin. 20 38

Concentrations of corticosteroids and aldosterone have been measured in the plasma and related to the maximum cortisol binding capacity, to the concentration of sodium and potassium of the plasma and to the condition of the animals, in a natural population of the quokka (Setonix brachyurus, Quoy & Gaimard) on Rottnest Island, Western Australia. A marked population in one area has been repetitively sampled at approximately 6 week intervals over a period of 2 years. Animals were found to be in significantly better condition during the hot-dry season. Their plasma concentrations of corticosteroids, 1.09 +/- 0.11 (S.E.M.) and 1.47 +/- 0.14 microgram/100 ml and their plasma sodium concentrations, 147 +/- 0.87 and 142 +/- 1.17 mequiv/1, for the hot-dry and cold-wet seasons respectively, were both significantly different (P less than 0.05). Plasma concentrations of aldosterone were 8.40 +/- 0.57 and 7.06 +/- 0.53 ng/100 ml for the hot-dry and cold-wet seasons. The level of aldosterone fell to levels comparable to those found in salt-replete laboratory animals only during the month of July. In the laboratory, salt deprivation resulted in a significant rise in the concentration of plasma aldosterone, 2.33 +/- 0.57 (S.E.M.) ng/100 ml when salt-replete and 16.95 +/- 2.74 ng/100 ml when salt-deprived (P less than 0.001). Total plasma corticosteroid levels were unaffected by changes in the sodium content of the diet. Injections of ACTH at a rate of 2 i.u./kg caused a significant rise in the levels of plasma corticosteroids which were essentially identical in both high- and low-condition animals. Both temperature fell to a significantly lower level in low-condition animals held in cages after injection of ACTH. These results indicate that the seasonal mortality of th quokka on Rottnest Island does not result from any breakdown in adrenal function, despite a substantial decline in the condition of the animals.
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PMID:Adrenocortical function and a field population of a macropodid marsupial (Setonix brachyurus, Quoy and Gaimard). 22 2


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