Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0009443 (cold)
 92,137 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

68 metastatic bone lesions proven by biopsy, follow-up radionuclide bone imaging, or radiographs in 18 patients with surgically confirmed renal cell carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed. Bone imaging demonstrated 62 lesions (91%): 48 definite, 7 questionable 'hot' lesions, and, 2 definite, 5 questionable 'cold' lesions. The spine was the most common site. 15 patients had more than one metastasis. 27 lesions were undiscovered by radiographs. Serum alkaline phosphatase was elevated in 12 of 18 patients. It is concluded that radionuclide bone imaging is more sensitive than radiographic examination for bony metastasis from renal cell carcinoma, and that it is important to recognize 'cold' metastatic lesions on the bone imaging in patients with renal cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Comparison of radionuclide images and radiographs for skeletal metastases from renal cell carcinoma. 622 55

Serum chemical values were determined in cold-stressed Holstein bull calves ranging from 1 to 7 days of age. The animals were anesthetized and cold-stressed until their core body temperature (colonic) was lowered 10 C. Animals were then rewarmed in warm water, with heat pads or heat lamps, or were allowed to recover naturally (unassisted) at room temperature. Blood samples were collected at selected intervals during cooling and recovery. Increases (P less than 0.05) were observed in the concentrations of glucose, calcium, phosphorus, iron, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, total protein, albumin, total globulin, serum urea nitrogen, uric acid, total bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, and cholesterol in the cold-stressed calves during cooling. Concentrations of chloride and insulin decreased (P less than 0.05) during the same period. Changes observed in many of the serum chemical values during rewarming were generally the reverse of the respective changes that occurred during cooling, although insulin values became exceedingly high in some cases midway or near the end of recovery. Serum enzyme values also remained high during most of recovery. Data did not indicate a clear advantage of one method of rewarming over the other methods used in terms of return of the serum chemical values to normal.
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PMID:Serum chemical values in hypothermic and rewarmed young calves. 634 64

An ultracytochemical investigation was performed to study the origin of pinocytic vesicles and canalicular structures within endothelial cells (EC) of the injured mammalian blood-brain barrier (BBB). To accomplish this goal, two electron-dense tracers, native ferritin (NF) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP), were used in conjunction with the detection of alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, a known marker of EC plasmalemma of brain micro-blood vessels. Brain ECs from (1) mice subjected to crude leptomeningeal damage for 1, 2, or 3 days and (2) cats subjected to cold lesion injury for 1, 4, or 24 h were evaluated for tracer transport and AP activity. Fine structural analysis of leaking segments of micro-blood vessels from damaged cerebral cortex or basal ganglia demonstrated pinocytic vesicles, deep invaginations of the luminal plasmalemma and elongated, tubular profiles, all containing tracer. Because we observed in ECs from both experimental models of brain injury a positive reaction for AP activity in the luminal plasmalemma, in its deep invaginations, in delimiting membranes of pinocytic vesicles, and in tubulo-canalicular structures, we conclude that all types of transport structures derive from the same 100A thick exoplasmic plasmalemmal membranes. Further, besides the pinocytic vesicular transport system (PTS), the canalicular transport system (CTS) appears to serve as an additional important mechanism for macromolecular transport across the damaged mammalian BBB.
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PMID:Ultracytochemical studies of vesicular and canalicular transport structures in the injured mammalian blood-brain barrier. 665 Jan 37

Cold-stable and cold-labile microtubules were prepared by two cycles of assembly and disassembly and two periods of exposure to cold. The cold-labile preparations were shown to contain a higher proportion of a high molecular mass microtubule-associated protein (MAP 2) than cold-stable preparations. The cold-stable preparations showed a much higher alkaline phosphatase activity. Stimulation of microtubule assembly by zinc led to increases in both cold stability and alkaline phosphatase activity.
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PMID:Differences in polypeptide composition and enzyme activity between cold-stable and cold-labile microtubules and study of microtubule alkaline phosphatase activity. 671 30

Colonic and intestinal alkaline phosphatase were studied histoenzymatically and biochemically in normal mucosae from eight hemicolectomy specimens. Histochemically, the most intense reaction was found in the small intestine, followed by vascular endothelium and colonic epithelium, respectively. The reaction was stronger in frozen sections than in acetone-fixed specimens, weakest in formalin-fixed tissues, and best when cold fixatives and low melting point paraffin were used. In the small intestine, the reaction was most marked on the villus tips. In the colon, the crypt necks showed the strongest reaction although good staining of luminal epithelium was found with more prolonged incubation. The addition of phenylalanine to the substrate medium resulted in selective inhibition of epithelial staining, whereas levamisole selectively inhibited the vascular reaction. On cellulose acetate electrophoresis, colonic and intestinal alkaline phosphatase showed slightly different rates of migration suggesting the presence of different isoenzymes. Quantitative analysis indicated that the intestinal enzyme expressed in U/g wet tissue was 7.7 times the colonic enzyme in amount. It is concluded that despite its relatively low biochemical activity, alkaline phosphatase can be demonstrated histochemically in colonic epithelium if tissues are processed at low temperatures and if the appropriate fixatives and adequate times are used.
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PMID:Colonic and small intestinal alkaline phosphatase. A histochemical and biochemical study. 706 60

The influence of cold exposure (+ 1 degree C for 24 h) was studied in rats dosed i.p. with 0, 2.5 or 5.0 mumol HgCl2/kg. Cold exposure of controls caused an increased diuresis and solute elimination, except sodium, with almost no variations in urine alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gammaglutamyl transferase (GGT). Proximal tubule brush border damage was demonstrated by a marked increase in ALP and GGT in HgCl2-dose animals at room temperature. Cold exposure protected against this kidney damage.
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PMID:Protection against mercuric chloride nephrotoxicity by cold exposure in rats. 708 80

The association of viral hepatitis, type B, with the use of prothrombin complex concentrates (PPSB) has been well documented. PPSB prepared from cold-sterilized plasma (beta-propiolactone treated and UV irradiated) has been shown not to induce hepatitis in chimpanzees. 500 U of cold-sterilized PPSB were infused into 5 healthy male volunteers. Previous to, and up to 6 months after, PPSB-application in addition to careful clinical investigations, the following hepatitis parameters were determined: SGOT, SGPT, y-GT, alkaline phosphatase, total serum bilirubin, HBsAg, HBcAb and HBsAb. On the basis of all of the above parameters there was no indication of induction of viral hepatitis following the application of PPSB prepared from beta-propiolactone/UV treated plasma.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of the hepatitis safety of a beta-propiolactone/ultraviolet treated factor IX concentrate (PPSB). 715 32

Vital reactions in the paw skin of guinea pigs dying of hypothermia were examined using a variety of histochemical methods to find ways of distinguishing between ante-mortem and post-mortem frostbites. Some animals were treated with ethanol or diazepam. Edema, hyperemia, and incipient accumulation of granulocytes were seen to develop within the 2-6 h for which the animals had survived in the cold (-20 degrees C). The granulocytes were first seen in the capillaries beneath the epithelial papillae and thereafter deeper in the dermis. They mostly accumulated inside the venules in the endothelium, but there were cases in which emigration had started. The best method for demonstrating the reaction appeared to be the alkaline phosphatase reaction, which is strong in guinea pig granulocytes and highlighted the latter well against a negative background. The conclusion is that it is possible to detect a positive vital reaction, but methodologic investigations are needed before similar changes can be visualized in cases of acute hypothermia in human beings.
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PMID:Histologically demonstrable vital reactions to frostbite in guinea pigs dying of hypothermia. 718 Feb 13

The previously unreported occurrence of primary biliary cirrhosis with cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia is described. Red cell survival studies showed a t1/2 of 11.1 days. Partial plasma exchange increased red cell survival to 15.8 days. Concomitantly, alkaline phosphatase, SGOT, SGPT, and bilirubin was reduced in predictable amounts but rebounded to prepheresis levels quickly. Although partial plasma exchange was effective in increasing red cell survival and in reducing the level of selected abnormal plasma components, the patient died 3 mo after initiation of plasma exchange therapy. Partial plasma exchnage did not appear to have any long-term beneficial effects on either liver disease or the hemolytic process.
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PMID:Primary biliary cirrhosis and cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia: effect of partial plasma exchange. 735 Dec 94

Plasmids encoding various external guide sequences (EGSs) were constructed and inserted into Escherichia coli. In strains harboring the appropriate plasmids, the expression of fully induced beta-galactosidase and alkaline phosphatase activity was reduced by more than 50%, while no reduction in such activity was observed in strains with non-specific EGSs. The inhibition of gene expression was virtually abolished at restrictive temperatures in strains that were temperature-sensitive for RNase P (EC 3.1.26.5). Northern blot analysis showed that the steady-state copy number of EGS RNAs was several hundred per cell in vivo. A plasmid that contained a gene for M1 RNA covalently linked to a specific EGS reduced the level of expression of a suppressor tRNA that was encoded by a separate plasmid. Similar methods can be used to regulate gene expression in E. coli and to mimic the properties of cold-sensitive mutants.
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PMID:Artificial regulation of gene expression in Escherichia coli by RNase P. 747 48


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