Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0009443 (cold)
 92,137 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Myotonic reaction and paresis accompanied by painful muscle contractions limited to the upper limbs, which decrease remarkably in the cold, were observed in a 29 year old man. The histological investigation revealed minimal non-specific signs of myopathy. The biochemical studies of muscular tissue contained a normal amount of myophosphorylase, acid maltase and glycogen. Ischemic work induced normal elevation of venous lactate. The activities of CPK, LDH and SGOT in the blood serum were occasionally increased. The EMG showed typical myotonic bursts and electrical silence during painful muscle contractions. Repetitive high frequency stimulation demonstrated a clear initial increase of the amplitude of action potentials followed by a decrease in the contracted muscle. The father of the patient suffered from dystrophia myotonica. This coincidnece suggests that this myotonic myopathy is a variant of dystrophia myotonica.
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PMID:Myotonic myopathy with painful muscle contractions and decrease of symptoms by cold. 8 Dec 91

Brain edema fluid was collected from cats with a freezing lesion in the left parietal cortex by the insertion into the brain of needles containing nylon wicks and connected to polyethylene tubes. The edema fluid samples which accumulated in the polyethylene tubes were regularly analyzed for Na+ and K+ content, colloid osmotic pressure, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase activity, and 99mTc-albumin radioactivity; the albumin tracer being introduced intravenously at the time of cold-injury. One series of cats received an intracerebral injection of ouabain solution, the control series an intracerebral injection of saline, at 100 min after the cold-injury. The ouabain injection was followed by an increase of K+ content, LDH and CPK activities but a decrease of Na+ concentration in the edema fluid, attributable to a concentration of solutes in the edema fluid as presumably water and Na+ were shifted into the cells and hence the extracellular space was reduced.
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PMID:The effect of intracerebral ouabain administration on the composition of edema fluid isolated from cats with cold-induced brain edema. 48 57

Changes in CSF enzyme activity were studied after brain trauma for their prognostic value. Raised values of CPK and HBDH were demonstrated in the CSF of patients with severe brain injuries. Standardised cold lesions of the brain were induced in cats. The activities of the enzymes CPK, HBDH, LDH, GOT, GPT, and pseudocholinesterase were studied at half hour intervals in the cerebrospinal fluid and at hourly intervals in the serum. A statistically highly significant increase of all enzymes studied developed in the CSF. The greatest changes occurred within four hours of freezing. Large increases could occur in half an hour. Isoenzyme studies demonstrated that CPK and LDH were of cerebral origin. No consistently significant changes could be shown in the serum enzyme activity. It is concluded that after brain injuries, enzymes are released into the extracellular fluid of the brain and transported to the CSF. The limited value of a single enzyme estimation is emphasised. The results described seem to provide indirect evidence for transependymal flow of extracellular fluid in brain oedema.
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid enzymes in acute brain injury. 1. Dynamics of changes in CSF enzyme activity after acute experimental brain injury. 91 9

The value of CSF enzyme estimations as indices of the extent of brain damage was studied in the experimental situation. Standard cold lesions of different severity were induced in cats. The activities of the enzymes CPK, HBDH, LDH, GOT, AND ChE were studied at half hour intervals in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The ventricular and cisternal fluid pressure, and the arterial blood pressure were monitored continuously. Significantly higher enzyme levels were found in the animals with more severe injuries of the brain.
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid enzymes in acute brain injury. 2. Relation of CSF enzyme activity to extent of brain injury. 91 10

Spontaneously contracting myocytes were isolated from ventricles of the adult rat heart. Hearts were perfused retrogradally via the aorta for 30 minutes at 37 degrees C with Ca2+-free phosphate-buffered saline containing collagenase and hyaluronidase. The venticles were divided into pieces and incubated 15 minutes with the enzymes. Dislodged cells were decanted, diluted with cold buffer and allowed to settle. The washed cells were then sedimented through 3% Ficoll. This procedure yielded approximately 50 mg of protein from 1 gm of heart. Viability measured by trypan-glue exclusion is 90-95%. Approximately 80% of the cells were beating. Scanning electron microscopic studies suggest that the isolated myocytes are morphologically intact. The cells oxidize glucose, pyruvate, citrate and palmitate to CO2 and synthesize protein and RNA. Uptake of glucose, 2-deoxyglucose, leucine and taurine was saturable. Glucose uptake was stimulated by insulin. The cells retained LDH and CPK as well as their capacity to oxidize substrates after 24 hours at 4 degrees C or 4 hours at 37 degrees C. After 24 hours at 4 degrees C the cells resume contracting when returned to room temperature. The procedure reported here for the isolation of spontaneously contracting, adult, rat heart myocytes provides cells with a high index of viability and greater yield than previously reported methods. The cells retain metabolic activity and withstand storage for longer periods than other described preparations.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of myocytes from the adult rat heart. 91 20

In the light of 4 personal observations of PPPRINZMETAL's angina, a review has been conducted of the literature in the 15 years since the condition was first described. Although the formal diagnostic criteria for this form of angina simultaneously clinical, biological and electrical - anginal attacks occurring at rest, often at night, during which elevation of the ST segment is recorded which disappears at the end of the attack without any significant rise in enzyme levels (SGOT and CPK) - the frontiers of the syndrome appear to have widened since PRINZMETAL's description: - Severe proximal stenosis of the coronary arteries is not obligatory; they may be only slightly damaged or even healthy. - Prinzmetal's angina is by no means always "spontaneous" but is often induced, either by psychic factors, which explain the fixed time of the attacks, or by organic factors, e.g. cold drinks (Observation No.2). In this event it would appear safer to speak of angina or rest as opposed to angina of effort. - In contrast to what PRINZMETAL thought, effort tests may sometimes induce angina-type pain with elevation of the ST segment, and here the borderline between this syndrome and conventional angina with ST segment elevation after effort test (5% of cases) is less clear-cut. The two nosologic entities probably reflect the same physiopathological situation, i.e. acute myocardial ischemia, and may represent the same affection in different phases of development. The prognosis is equally bad. - Attacks of rinzmetal's angina are often accompanied by severe and sometimes fatal disorders of rhythm, and this influences the therapeutic approach. - The coronary spasm posited by PRINZMETAL and others before the advent of coronarography is indeed, in the majority of cases, the immediate cause of myocardial ischemia and anginal pain, without any preliminary increase in the energy requirements of the heart as in the conventional anginal attack. - A vasoactive substance present in the circulating blood at the beginning of the affection, which may be degraded and subsequently disappear and may be secreted by the pathologic coronary artery, was demonstrated in observation No. 4: this may, in conjunction with vagal hypertonia, be the causative factor in coronary spasm. Study of its pharmacodynamic properties is now in progress.
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PMID:[Prinzmetal's angor. Apropos of 4 cases. Review of the literature]. 108 Aug 80

University of Wisconsin (UW) solution has been reported to extend the safe cold ischemic time in the preservation of the liver, kidney and pancreas. However, there have been few reports of safe cold ischemic time in heart preservation with UW solution. The purpose of this study was to find whether UW solution can extend the safe cold ischemic time in cardiac transplantation in dogs. Heterotopic cardiac transplantation was performed in mongrel dogs after cold ischemic preservation of the hearts with UW solution, ischemic time 8, 16 and 24 hours (Gr.UW8, Gr.UW16 and Gr.UW24, respectively) and with GIK solution, ischemic time 4 hours (Gr.G4) which is considered the safe cold ischemic time in clinical cardiac transplantation. The following was studied: 1) Emax of the LV, myocardial contraction, by pressure-volume curve with the volume measured conductance catheter method, 2) myocardial tissue blood flow of the LV (MTBF), with laser doppler tissue flow meter, 3) serum CPK and electron microscopical evaluation. Emax and MTBF were measured before transplantation and after reperfusion. Their results were expressed as percentage of the values before transplantation. As results, after 120 minutes from reperfusion, Emax was recovered to 94 +/- 13% in Gr.G4, 104 +/- 11% in Gr.UW8, 67 +/- 22% in Gr.UW16 and 66 +/- 16% in Gr.UW24. Emax in Gr.G4 and Gr.UW8 were significantly (p less than 0.01) higher than that in Gr.UW16 and Gr.UW24. After 120 minutes from reperfusion, MTBF was recovered to 90 +/- 19% in Gr.G4, 98 +/- 9% in Gr.UW8, 63 +/- 19% in Gr.UW16 and 61 +/- 6% in Gr.UW24.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Preservation of the heart with University of Wisconsin solution--hemodynamic and morphological evaluation in a canine heterotopically transplanted heart]. 163 39

Although the difficulty of preserving hypertrophied myocardium from induced arrest during aortic clamping has long been recognized, the difference of response to ischemia between the two types of hypertrophy induced by pressure-loading (P) and by volume overloading (V) has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, to assess the two types of hypertrophied myocardium we investigated the 44 patients undergoing valve replacement; the 23 patients of aortic stenosis (AS) without aortic regurgitation (AR), and the 21 patients of AR without AS. The patients of AS (group-P) were divided into two groups regarding the thickness of posterior wall of left ventricle; over 15 mm in P-1 and under 15 mm in P-2. The patients of AR (group-V) were also divided into two groups, which is, preoperative LVEDVI over 250 ml/m2 in V-I and under 250 ml/m2 in V-2. In all four groups myocardial temperature was kept about 5 degrees C with GIK and continuous cold blood coronary perfusion during aortic clamping time. There was no operative death. Postoperative serum enzymes (GOT and CPK) in P-1 were higher than in P-2. Per cent increase of LVEF in P-1 were greater than P-2 and V-1 greater than V-2, respectively. Postoperative catecholamines needed for P-1 was greater than P-2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Protection of the two types of severely hypertrophied myocardium induced by pressure-loading and by volume overloading]. 183 32

This study was designed to analyze the electrolytes changes in myocardial cells, and to clarify the effect of diltiazem, a calcium channel blocker on myocardial ischemia during open heart surgery. Thirty patients who underwent open heart surgery using cold glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) cardioplegic solution were divided into following three groups. C group: diltiazem was not administered. CD group: cardioplegic solution containing diltiazem 7.5 mg/L was used. DP group: diltiazem 1.5 micrograms/kg/min was given continuously by intravenous administration from the day before operation to the day after operation. Atrial wall biopsies were performed before aortic cross clamp (non-ischemic status), after 60 minutes' ischemia, and 5 minutes after releasing aortic cross clamp (reperfusion). The specimens were freshly frozen and measured for various electrolytes by means of X-ray microprobe analysis. In C group, potassium level decreased during both ischemia and reperfusion, while calcium level increased during ischemia and significantly increased during reperfusion period. In DC and DP groups, calcium accumulation during reperfusion was suppressed, and potassium level which had been lowered during ischemia recovered to the level of non-ischemic status during reperfusion. Sodium and chlorine showed an increase during ischemia in each group. However, sodium accumulation in DC and DP groups tended to recover during reperfusion. DP and DC groups were considered to be superior to C group in terms of cardiac index and left ventricular work. This may be due to afterload reduction as evidenced by low systemic vascular resistance. Intracellular electrolytes environment during reperfusion and hemodynamics during early postoperative periods were excellent in DP group. CPK-MB was significantly lower in both CD and DP groups than in C group. These data suggested that diltiazem could suppress intracellular calcium accumulation and keep homeostasis of sodium-potassium pump mechanism in membrane during reperfusion. It is concluded that diltiazem is useful to protect myocardium from ischemia during open heart surgery.
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PMID:[The protective effect of diltiazem, a calcium channel blocker on myocardial ischemia during open heart surgery--an analysis of electrolyte changes in myocardial cells]. 234 17

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the myocardial protective effects of two types of solution during heart transplantation procedure following cold storage in Collins' solution. Based on the concept whether the ischemic time during the procedure is an extension of heart storage or is an usual aortic cross-clamped ischemic time, we compared the effects of our cardioplegic solution (Group I) and Collins' solution (Group II) using isolated working rat heart model. After 30 minutes of global ischemia at 25 degrees C following 2 hours of cold storage, the hearts in Group I exhibited better functional recovery than those in Group II (% recovery of cardiac output was 61.1 +/- 5.4% in Group I and 42.4 +/- 7.4% in Group II, p less than 0.01). In Group II, marked elevation of coronary vascular resistance occurred on reperfusion. CPK release during reperfusion period was greater in Group II (0.41 +/- 0.24 IU/15 min/heart in Group I, 1.92 +/- 1.25 IU/15 min/heart in Group II, p less than 0.01). Myocardial metabolites contents (ATP, TAN, creatine phosphate and lactate) and energy charge were not significantly different between two groups. We conclude that it is harmful to ischemic myocardium to use Collins' solution as myocardial protection during transplantation procedure even if following cold storage in Collins' solution.
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PMID:[Myocardial protection during transplantation procedure following cold storage in Collins' solution]. 267 Nov 86


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