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Query: UMLS:C0009443 (cold)
 92,137 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of cold exposure on mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (VO2) were examined in conscious, unrestrained rats receiving intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of bombesin or appropriate control solutions. Cold exposure elicited significant elevations of MAP, HR and VO2 in control-treated rats. I.c.v. administration of bombesin produced dose-related suppressions of cold-induced elevations of HR and VO2, but not MAP. The central nervous system (CNS)-selective somatostatin analog, ODT8-SS, injected i.c.v., reversed the effects of bombesin on HR and VO2 during cold exposure. Intravenous administration of atropine methyl nitrate did not antagonize the effects of bombesin on HR and VO2 during cold exposure. HR and VO2 were strongly correlated in bombesin-treated rats suggesting that this peptide may prevent cold-induced elevations of VO2 through a CNS action on cardiac function.
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PMID:Central nervous system effects of bombesin on the cardiovascular response to cold exposure. 286 99

Bilateral microinjections of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH; 1, 3 and 10 micrograms) into the central nucleus of the amygdala produced a dose-related aggravation of cold restraint-induced gastric ulcers in rats. TRH (10 micrograms) also induced gastric erosions in non-stressed animals. Pretreatment with atropine methyl nitrate attenuated the TRH-induced ulcers in both stress and non-stress situations. TRH (10 micrograms) also antagonized the gastric cytoprotection of intra-amygdalar neurotensin (10 micrograms) and was ineffective in altering the stress ulcer-attenuating effects of dopamine (10 micrograms). Pretreatment with i.p. clozapine, however, prevented the inhibitory effects of dopamine on the TRH-induced aggravation of the gastric stress pathology. The results suggest an interaction of TRH, neurotensin and dopamine in the central amygdalar nucleus during stress, and indicate peripheral cholinergic pathways in the mediation of the ulcerogenic effects of TRH.
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PMID:Interactions of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) with neurotensin and dopamine in the central nucleus of the amygdala during stress ulcer formation in rats. 314 Jan 44

Disposable ammonium nitrate cold packs are widely used in emergency departments instead of ice bags. Five confused or suicidal patients who tore open a pack and ingested from 64 to 234 grams of ammonium nitrate in a single dose, and another patient who attempted to do so, are reported. It is known that chronic ingestion of 6 to 12 grams/day of ammonium nitrate may cause gastritis, acidosis, isosmotic diuresis, and nitrite toxicity manifesting as methemoglobinemia or vasodilatation. None of these patients developed severe toxicity, although three had symptoms of gastritis, three had slight methemoglobinemia, and two had mild hypotension. The product was removed from the stomach promptly in three of the five patients. None had pre-existing renal or intestinal dysfunction, which are known to enhance ammonium nitrate toxicity.
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PMID:Ammonium nitrate cold pack ingestion. 322 33

The transport of uridine into rat renal brush-border membrane vesicles was investigated using an inhibitor-stop filtration method. Uridine was not metabolized under these conditions. The rapid efflux of intravesicular uridine was prevented by adding 1 mM phloridzin to the ice-cold stop solution. In the presence of inwardly directed gradients of either Na+ or K+, zero-trans uridine uptake exhibited a transient overshoot phenomenon indicating active transport. The overshoot was much more pronounced with Na+ than K+ and it was not observed when either Na+ or K+ was at equilibrium across the membrane. The K+-induced overshoot was not due to the presence of a membrane potential alone, as an inwardly directed gradient of choline chloride failed to produce it. The amplitude of the overshoot was increased by raising either the Na+ or K+ concentration outside the membrane or by using more lipophilic anions (reactive order was NO3- greater than SCN- greater than Cl- greater than SO4(2-). Zero-trans efflux studies showed that the uridine transport is bidirectional. Li+ could substitute poorly for Na+ but not at all for K+. Stoichiometries of 1:1 and greater than 1:1 were observed for Na+: uridine and K+: uridine coupling, respectively. A preliminary analysis of the interactions between Na+ and K+ for uridine uptake showed complex interactions which can best be explained by the involvement of two different systems for nucleoside transport in the rat renal brush-border membrane, one requiring Na+ and the other K+ as transport coupler.
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PMID:Na+- and K+-dependent uridine transport in rat renal brush-border membrane vesicles. 338 55

Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride and acetaminophen in mixtures have been determined, without prior separation, by Raman spectroscopy. Results are reported for both solution and solid samples. Direct measurement of solid samples, requiring only a brief period of mixing and grinding with potassium nitrate added as an internal standard, is shown to be particularly convenient and effective. Various data treatments to compensate for spectral overlap have been compared, and a correlation method has been shown to be most effective. For a sample typical of a cold remedy, in which the concentration of acetaminophen is 10 times that of the phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride, accuracy and precision were shown to be better than 1% for the measurement of acetaminophen and better than 3% for the measurement of phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride.
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PMID:Determination of phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride and acetaminophen in pharmaceutical preparations by Raman spectroscopy. 399 7

We report a rare case of hydatidosis of the right heart. Our young patient had know pulmonary hydatidosis and presented precordial chest pain, increasing dyspnea, cough and hemoptysis. Echocardiography, confirmed by angiocardiography delineated the right ventricular cyst. The operation was performed under extra corporal circulation (ECC), moderate hypothermia with cold cardioplegia. The echinococcal cyst was removed after local instillation of 0.5% silver nitrate solution. The postoperative course was uneventful.
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PMID:Surgical treatment of echinococcal cyst of the right heart. 405 Feb 54

The waters of one indoor bath and three outdoor baths were examined once an hour during 3 days (bath 1) or 6 days, for available chlorine, redox potential, permanganate number, ammonium, nitrate and total nitrogen, total bacterial count at 22 degrees C., total bacterial count at 37 degrees C. and faecal coliform bacteria. The weather, number of swimmers and the chlorine gas addition were continuously registered, and the pH was checked a few times at each bath. In bath 1, an indoor pool with aluminium sulphate precipitation about once a week and with sand filters back-washed every 2 days, less than 10 bacteria/ml. were found in all samples. In bath 2, an outdoor pool with aluminium sulphate precipitation twice a week and with sand filters back-washed twice a week, also few bacteria were found. In bath 3, an outdoor pool with only filtering through sand filters back-washed about every 14 days, high bacterial counts were found every day except the first, when the filters had been newly back-washed. In bath 4, an outdoor pool with only filtering through sand filters back-washed about once a week, high bacterial counts were found now and then during the first 4 days when the weather was warm, but few bacteria were found the last 2 days when the weather was cold and windy, and there were few swimmers.Values from different analyses on the same sample showed relatively good correlation between the redox potential and the free available chlorine. In bath 3 both the redox potential and the available chlorine were weakly correlated to the bacterial count, but in bath 4 there was no such correlation. No other factors were well correlated with the bacterial count either.The bacterial counts at 22 degrees and 37 degrees C. were of the same order. No faecal coliforms were ever found. Use of these bacteria as indicator organism in swimming pools is criticized.The method of using certain minimum values of the free available chlorine as guarantee for a satisfactory bacteriological quality of the swimming pool water is also questioned. The degree of purity of the water is fundamentally connected with the disinfecting power of the available chlorine.Use of certain minimum values of the redox potential, according to these investigations, seems to be a method of somewhat greater accuracy. Provided that the methods of precipitation are performed correctly and filters are being back-washed often enough, then an automatically registering redox potential device, perhaps connected to the chlorine gas pump, ought to constitute a good control of the hygienic quality of a swimming-pool water. This must, however, always be completed by bacteriological examinations, preferably made at high bathing load.
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PMID:A field study of some swimming-pool waters with regard to bacteria, available chlorine and redox potential. 452 40

Although beta blockers' antihypertensive mechanisms have not been clearly delineated, their long-term effects may involve chronic reduction in systemic vascular resistance, which may be the result of sympathetic outflow inhibition. Although a central site of action has been advocated, we sought to identify a peripheral non-cardiac sympatholytic mechanism by studying autonomic function in a small group of nine hypertensive males during treatment with placebo and chronic oral nadolol, a noncardioselective hydrophilic beta blocker with little predicted brain penetration. Nadolol reduced blood pressure and heart rate (both P less than 0.005) while suppressing the blood pressure response to cold stimulus only after parasympathetic inhibition (P less than 0.05); the blunted response to cold stimulus did not correlate with the drug's overall blood pressure lowering effect. Baroreceptor sensitivities to phenylephrine and amyl nitrate stimuli were not enhanced. Several biochemical measures of sympathetic nervous system activity were not influenced by nadolol. Thus, nadolol, while not enhancing baroreflex sensitivity, does seem to have a peripheral non-cardiac sympatholytic effect, but this effect does not account entirely for the long term reduction in blood pressure observed in patients on the drug.
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PMID:Nadolol: evidence for sympathetic nerve inhibition by a beta blocker in essential hypertension. 615 75

The central nervous system effects of bombesin on cardiovascular function were examined in conscious, freely-moving rats. Intracerebroventricular administration of bombesin elevated mean arterial pressure, reduced heart rate and inhibited cold-induced tachycardia. Adrenalectomy prevented bombesin-induced elevations of mean arterial pressure. In contrast, bombesin-induced bradycardia was neither adrenal-dependent nor a baroreceptor-mediated reflex response to increased arterial pressure. Systemic atropine methyl nitrate treatment attenuated bombesin-induced bradycardia, suggesting that bombesin acts within the central nervous system to stimulate cardiac vagal activity.
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PMID:Bombesin-induced stimulation of cardiac parasympathetic innervation. 649 87

A method has been developed for electron microscopic histochemical demonstration of phospholipase B, (lecithinase B, E C 3.1.1.5, lysolecithin acyl hydrolase), which hydrolyzes alpha- and beta-positions of phospholipids in mouse liver, kidney and adrenal tissues. Tissues either fixed in cold 1% paraformaldehyde or unfixed were cut into 40 micrometers frozen sections and were incubated at 37 degrees C in a medium at pH 6.6 or 4.5 containing 2 microM lysolecithin and 0.25 mM CaCl2 for 20 min. The fatty acids liberated by enzymatic hydrolysis were trapped as calcium precipitate and were converted to lead precipitate by treatment with lead nitrate. The reaction products were observed by electron microscopy to be localized on the end of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum at pH 6.6 and in lysosomes and lipid droplets at pH 4.5. It is concluded that the products showed the localization of phospholipase B activity.
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PMID:Electron microscopic demonstration of phospholipase B activity in the liver and the kidney of the mouse. 671 5


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